Pallava script

The Pallava script or Pallava Grantha, is a Brahmic script, named after the Pallava dynasty of Southern India, attested since the 4th century AD.[1] In India, Pallava script evolved into the Grantha script.[4] Pallava spread to Southeast Asia and evolved into local scripts such as Balinese,[5] Javanese,[6] Kawi,[7] Baybayin,[8] Mon,[9] Burmese,[10] Khmer,[11] Lanna,[12] Thai,[13] Lao,[14] and the New Tai Lue alphabet.[15]

Pallava script
Type
LanguagesKannada, Tamil, Old Khmer, Old Malay, Burmese, Thai, Sri Lankan Sinhala, Lao, Mon, Balinese, etc.
Time period
4th century AD to 8th century AD[1]
Parent systems
Child systems
Grantha, Mon, Khmer, Kawi, Tamil[3]
Sister systems
Vatteluttu
Brahmic scripts
The Brahmic script and its descendants
Northern Brahmic
Southern Brahmic

A proposal to encode the script in Unicode was submitted in 2018.[16]

History

During the rule of Pallavas, the script accompanied priests, monks, scholars and traders into Southeast Asia. Pallavas developed the Pallava script based on the Tamil-Brahmi. The main characteristics of the newer script are aesthetically matched and fuller consonant glyphs. Similar to Pallava script, also visible in the writing systems of Chalukya,[17] Kadamba, Vengi at the time of Ikshvakus. Brahmi design was slightly different of the scripts of Cholas, Pandyas and Cheras. Pallava script is the first significant developments of Brahmi in India, by combining rounded and rectangular strokes and adding typographical effects, and was suitable for civic and religious inscriptions. Kadamba-Pallava script[18] evolved into early forms of Kannada and Telugu scripts. Glyphs become more rounded and incorporate loops because of writing upon leaves and paper.[19]

Characteristics

The form shown here is based on examples from the 7th century AD. Letters labeled * have uncertain sound value, as they have little occurrence in Southeast Asia.

Consonants

Each consonant has an inherent /a/, which will be sounded if no vowel sign is attached. If two consonants follow one another without intervening vowel, the second consonant is made into a subscript form, and attached below the first.

kakhagaghanga
ca cha ja jha* nya
ṭa ṭha* ḍa ḍha* ṇa
ta tha da dha na
paphababhama
ya ra la va
śa ṣa sa ha

Independent Vowels
aāiīueoai*au*

Examples

References
  1. Griffiths, Arlo (2014). "Early Indic Inscriptions of Southeast Asia". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride(2019),p.28
  3. Salomon, Richard (1998). Indian Epigraphy. p. 40.
  4. "Grantha alphabet". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  5. "Balinese alphabet". Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  6. "Javanese alphabet". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  7. "Kawi alphabet". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  8. "Tagalog". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  9. "Mon". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  10. "Burmese". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  11. "Khmer". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  12. "Lanna alphabet". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  13. "Thai". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  14. "Lao". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  15. "New Tai Lue script". Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  16. Pandey, Anshuman. (2018). Preliminary proposal to encode Pallava in Unicode.
  17. http://www.skyknowledge.com/burnell-plate4.gif
  18. "Pallava script". Skyknowledge.com. 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2014-03-13.
  19. "Pallava - an important ancient script from South India". Retrieved 2013-09-05.

Bibliography
  • Sivaramamurti, C, Indian Epigraphy and South Indian Scripts. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum. Chennai 1999
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