Waikato Tainui

Waikato Tainui, Waikato or Tainui is a group of Māori people iwi (tribal confederation) based in Waikato Region, in the western central region of New Zealand's North Island.[1] It is part of the larger Tainui confederation of Polynesian settlers who arrived to New Zealand on the Tainui waka (migration canoe). The tribe is named after the Waikato River, which plays a large part in its history and culture.[2][3]

Waikato Tainui
Māori tribal government
Tribe established~1350
Māori King proclaimed1858
Exiled to King Country1863
Te Whakakitenga o Waikato (previously Te Kauhanganui) founded1889/1890
CapitalNgāruawāhia
Marae65 marae
Government
 • BodyTe Whakakitenga o Waikato
 • Māori KingTuheitia
 • Executive ChairParekawhia Mclean
Area
*
 • Total8,046 km2 (5,000 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)**
 • Total52,000
 • Density6.5/km2 (10/sq mi)
Time zoneNZST
Websitehttp://waikatotainui.com/?id=1
  • area of jurisdiction
    **Enrolled tribal members only

Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, the first Māori king, was a member of the Waikato hapu (sub-tribe) of Ngāti Mahuta, and his descendants have succeeded him. The king movement is based at Tūrangawaewae marae (meeting place) in Ngāruawāhia.[3]

The Waikato-Tainui iwi comprises 33 hapū (sub-tribes) and 65 marae (family groupings). There are over 52,000 tribal members who affiliate to Waikato-Tainui. Hamilton City is now the tribe's largest population centre, but Ngāruawāhia remains the tribe's historical centre and modern capital. In the 2006 census, 33,429 people in New Zealand indicated they were affiliated with Waikato, including those affiliated with more than one tribe.[2][3]

This is how the iwi describes its origins and tribal area:

Ko Waikato te awa
Ko Waikato te iwi
Ko Mookau ki runga
Ko Taamaki ki raro
Ko Mangatoatoa ki waenganui.
Pare Hauraki, Pare Waikato
Te Kaokaoroa-o-Paatetere.

Waikato is the river
Waikato is the tribe
Mookau is above
Taamaki is below
Mangatoatoa is between.
The boundaries of Hauraki, the boundaries of Waikato
To the place called ‘the long armpit of Paatetere’.[1]

Government

Waikato-Tainui's governing parliamentary body is Te Kauhanganui, a governing body of 204 tribal members – 3 members from each of the 68 marae. The marae are spread over a large area from Te Kuiti and Cambridge in the south to Auckland in the north.

The executive board is Te Arataura, which has 10 representatives elected from Te Kauhanganui and an 11th member appointed by the Māori king. The Waikato-Tainui tribal administration (or iwi authority) is the Waikato Raupatu Trustee Company Ltd, which replaced the Tainui Māori Trust Board, and is situated at Hopuhopu, Ngāruawāhia.

The Waikato iwi has been using the name Tainui to describe itself for some time, through the establishment of the Tainui Māori Trust Board by the Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Claims Settlement Act 1946, with many people now referring to the Waikato iwi as "Tainui" or "Waikato-Tainui".[2][3]

There have traditionally been strong links between Tainui and the University of Waikato, which has strengths in Māori language and modern local history. The university also holds documents and objects related to the tribe.[3]

Hapū and marae

Waikato Tainui is made up of several iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes).

Each tribal group has marae (meeting grounds), which usually includes a wharenui (meeting house).

Ngāti Mahuta

The iwi of Ngāti Mahuta is associated with 19 marae:

  • 1 in Mangere: Te Puea marae
  • 3 near Te Kauwhata: Ōkarea marae, Taniwha marae and Matahuru Papakainga marae
  • 4 in and around Huntly: Te Ōhākī marae, Kaitumutumu marae, Te Kauri marae and Waahi marae
  • 3 in and around Ngāruawāhia: Taupiri marae, Waikeri–Tangirau marae, and Tūrangawaewae marae
  • 1 near Te Awamutu: Te Kōpua marae
  • 3 around Aotea Harbour: Mōtakotako (Taruke) marae, Te Papatapu (Te Wehi) marae and Te Tihi o Moerangi marae
  • 4 around Kawhia Harbour: Maketū marae, Ōkapu marae, Āruka marae and Te Kōraha marae[2]

Ngāti Te Wehi

The iwi of Ngāti Te Wehi is associated with 9 marae:

  • 3 marae around Aotea Harbour: Mōtakotako (Taruke) marae, Te Papatapu (Te Wehi) marae and Te Tihi o Moerangi marae
  • 4 marae around Kawhia Harbour: Maketū marae, Ōkapu marae, Āruka marae and Te Kōraha marae
  • 2 marae in Ngāruawāhia: Tūrangawaewae marae and Waikeri – Tangirau marae[2]

Ngāti Kuiaarangi, Ngāti Tai and Ngāti Whāwhākia

The hapū of Ngāti Tai, Ngāti Kuiaarangi and Ngāti Whāwhākia are associated with 8 marae:

  • 4 marae in and around Huntly: Kaitumutumu marae, Te Kauri marae, Waahi marae and Te Ōhākī marae
  • 2 marae near Te Kauwhata: Ōkarea marae and Taniwha marea in Waeranga
  • 1 marae in Mangere: Te Puea marae in Mangere Bridge
  • 1 marae in Taupiri: Taupiri marae[2]

Tainui

The hapū of Tainui is associated with 7 marae:

  • 4 marae east of Huntly: Te Ākau marae, Pukerewa marae, Te Poho o Tanikena marae and Weraroa marae
  • 2 marae around Raglan Harbour: Poihākena marae and Te Kōpua marae
  • 1 marae around Aotea Harbour: Mōtakotako (Taruke) marae[2]

Ngāti Tāhinga

The hapū of Ngāti Tāhinga is associated with 6 marae:

  • 2 marae in Port Waikato: Ngāti Tāhinga marae and Pakau marae
  • 4 marae west of Huntly: Pukerewa, Te Ākau, Te Poho o Tanikena and Weraroa[2]

Ngāti Apakura

The hapū of Ngāti Apakura is associated with 6 marae:

  • 3 marae around Pirongia: Pūrekireki marae, Hīona marae and Te Kōpua
  • 1 marae in Kawhia: Mōkai Kainga marae
  • 1 marae in Otorohanga: Kahotea marae
  • 1 marae in Te Kuiti: Te Tokanganui a Noho[2]

Ngāti Tiipa and Ngāti Āmaru

The hāpu of Ngāti Tiipa and Ngāti Āmaru are associated with 6 marae:

  • 2 marae in Tuakau: Ngā Tai e Rua marae and Tauranganui marae
  • 4 marae at Port Waikato: Pakau marae, Te Awamārahi marae, Te Kotahitanga marae and Tikirahi marae[2]

Ngāti Hauā

The hāpu of Ngāti Hauā is associated with 5 marae:

  • 3 marae in and around Morrinsville: Kai a Te Mata marae, Raungaiti mare and Rukumoana marae
  • 2 marae in Hamilton: Te Iti a Hauā (Tauwhare) marae and Waimakariri marae[2]

Ngāti Korokī and Ngāti Raukawa

The hapū of Ngāti Korokī and Ngāti Raukawa are associated with 5 marae:

  • 2 marae south-east of Te Awamutu: Rāwhitiroa (Ōwairaka) mare in Parawera and Aotearoa marae in Wharepapa South
  • 2 marae near Lake Karapiro: Maungatautari marae in Maungatautari and Pōhara marae in Arapuni
  • 1 marae near Tokoroa: Ngātira marae in Kinleith[2]

Ngāti Māhanga and Ngāti Tamainupō

The hapū of Ngāti Māhanga and Ngāti Tamainupō are associated with 4 marae:

  • 2 marae around Raglan Harbour: Te Kaharoa (Aramiro) in Raglan and Waingaro marae in Waingaro
  • 2 marae near Whatawhata: Ōmaero marae and Te Papa o Rotu (Te Oneparepare) marae[2]

Ngāi Tai, Ngāti Koheriki, and Ngāti Tamaoho

The hapū of Ngāi Tai, Ngāti Koheriki, and Ngāti Tamaoho are associated with 4 marae:

Ngāti Hine, Ngāti Naho and Ngāti Pou

The hapū of Ngāti Hine, Ngāti Naho and Ngāti Pou are associated with 4 marae:

  • 1 marae at Te Kauwhata: Waikare marae
  • 1 marae at Rangiriri: Horahora marae
  • 2 marae south of Lake Wairere: Maurea marae at Te Ōhakī and Matahuru Papakainga marae at Ohinewai[2]

Ngāti Te Ata and Ngāti Paretaua

The hapū of Ngāti Te Ata and Ngāti Paretaua are associated with 4 marae:

  • 2 marae in Mangere: Makaurau marae and Pūkaki marae
  • 2 marae in Waiuku: Reretēwhioi marae and Tāhuna marae[2]

Ngāti Taratikitiki

The hapū of Ngāti Te Ata and Ngāti Paretaua are associated with 4 marae:

Ngāti Makirangi

The hapū of Ngāti Makirangi has no marae of its own, but is associated with 4 marae:

  • 2 marae near Taupiri: Hukanui marae and Tauhei marae
  • 1 marae near Rangiriri: Waiti (Raungaunu) marae
  • 1 marae near Tahuna: Hoe o Tainui marae[2]

Ngāti Wairere

The hapū of Ngāti Wairere is associated with 2 marae:

Other hapū
  • Ngāti Hikairo, based Waipapa marae in Kawhia
  • Ngāti Ngutu, based at Mangatoatoa marae in Te Awamutu and Rākaunui marae near Kawhia
  • Ngāti Paretekawa, based at Mangatoatoa marae in Te Awamutu and Rākaunui marae in Hauturu
  • Ngāti Pātupō
  • Ngāti Puhiawe, based at Waipapa marae in Kawhia
  • Ngāti Ruru, based at Pārāwera marae near Te Awamutu
  • Ngāti Werokoko, based at Pārāwera marae near Te Awamutu
  • Te Ākitai, based at Makaurau marae in Mangere[2]

References
  1. "Official website of Waikato Tainui". waikatotainui.com. Waikato Tainui. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  2. "Te Puni Kōkiri iwi profile". tkm.govt.nz. Te Puni Kōkiri, New Zealand Government. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  3. Royal, Te Ahukaramū Charles. "Te Ara iwi profile". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
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