12 Hours of Sebring
The 12 Hours of Sebring is an annual motorsport endurance race for sports cars held at Sebring International Raceway, on the site of the former Hendricks Army Airfield World War II air base in Sebring, Florida, US. The event is the second round of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship and in the past has been a round of the now defunct World Sportscar Championship, IMSA GT Championship and American Le Mans Series. In 2012, the race was the opening event of the FIA World Endurance Championship.
 | |
 | |
| IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship | |
|---|---|
| Venue | Sebring International Raceway |
| Corporate sponsor | Mobil 1 |
| First race | 1950 |
| Duration | 12 hours |
| Most wins (driver) | Tom Kristensen (6) |
| Most wins (team) | Scuderia Ferrari/SpA Ferrari (8) |
| Most wins (manufacturer) | Porsche (18) |
History
The track opened in 1950 on an airfield and is a road racing course styled after those used in European Grand Prix motor racing. The first race was a six-hour race on New Year's Eve 1950. The winning car is currently on display at the Edge Motor Museum in Memphis, Tennessee. The next race held 14 months later as the first 12 Hours of Sebring.[1] The race is famous for its "once around the clock" action, starting during the day and finishing at night.[2] From 1953 to 1972 the 12 Hour was a round of the FIA's premier sports car series which was contested under various names including the World Sportscar Championship and the International Championship for Makes.
In its early years, the Sebring circuit combined former airport runways with narrow two-lane service roads.[3] The 1966 event was a turning point in Sebring history, as the facilities and the safety of the circuit were heavily criticized. Five people were killed during the race, which was more people killed than in the race's prior 15-year history combined.[3] Bob McLean crashed while approaching the hairpin; his car rolled several times, struck a utility pole and then exploded, landing in a ditch and killing McLean.[3]
In another incident Mario Andretti in his Ferrari 365 P2 tangled with Don Wester's Porsche 906 on the Warehouse Straight near the Webster Turns, killing four spectators and then crashing into a warehouse next to the track. Subsequent to these events, the facilities were upgraded and the circuit layout was changed, including eliminating the Webster Turns and creating the Green Park Chicane further down the track to move the straight further away from the airport warehouses.[3] The circuit was made safer and there were no fatalities until 1980.
It is known as preparation for the 24 Hours of Le Mans,[4] as the track's extremely bumpy surface, combined with south-central Florida's perennial hot weather, is a test of a car's reliability.[5] In recent years, six overall victories have been achieved by the Audi R8, one fewer than the record seven wins of the Porsche 935.[6]
Tom Kristensen has won the race more times than anyone else, with six victories—in 1999–2000, 2005–2006, 2009 and in 2012.[7]
2020 will see the race be rescheduled to mid-November because of pandemic issues. And it will be raced under behind closed doors conditions for the first time.
Races up until 1969 began with the traditional Le Mans start procedure, which was abolished at the end of the 1969 season following Jacky Ickx protesting; by 1970, drivers strapped into their cars waited until the starter waved the green flag, when they drove away. Since 1971, races begin with rolling starts.
Race results
The 1966 race had Dan Gurney leading at the last lap, when his engine of his Shelby American Ford GT40 Mk II seized near the end. Gurney pushed his car over the finish line, beaten only by Ken Miles and Lloyd Ruby. However, his actions were ultimately determined to be against the rules and he did not receive credit for his finish.[8]
In 2005, the Chevrolet Corvette C6.R and Aston Martin DBR9 made their race debut in the hotly contested GT1 class,[9][10] with Aston Martin winning its class for the first time in 49 years at Sebring ahead of the two Corvettes. Corvette had dominated the class the past three years with its previous generation C5R.
The all-new Audi R10 TDI won the 2006 edition of the race, the car's first ever run in competition.[11] The much-hyped Porsche RS Spyder campaigned by Penske Racing dropped to take 2nd place in its LMP2 class, behind the Intersport Lola car. The GT1 Corvette C6R team got their revenge against the Aston Martin, although the second Corvette came within 1/3 of a second of the podium in the closing laps of the race.
2007 saw Audi again winning in the R10 TDI despite requiring more frequent refueling due to changes in American Le Mans series rules intended to even the field between gasoline and diesel-powered engines.[12]
Statistics
| Rank | Constructor | Wins | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Porsche | 18 | 1960, 1968, 1971, 1973, 1976–1988, 2008 |
| 2 |  Ferrari | 12 | 1956, 1958–1964, 1970, 1972, 1995, 1997–1998 |
| 3 | Audi | 11 | 2000–2007, 2009, 2012–2013 |
| 4 |  Nissan | 5 | 1989–1991, 1994, 2018 |
| 5 |  Ford | 3 | 1966–1967, 1969 |
| 6 | Toyota | 2 | 1992–1993 |
| BMW | 1975, 1999 | ||
 Peugeot | 2010–2011 | ||
| Cadillac | 2017, 2019 | ||
| 10 | Crosly | 1 | 1950 |
 Frazer-Nash | 1952 | ||
| Cunningham | 1953 | ||
| O.S.C.A. | 1954 | ||
| Jaguar | 1955 | ||
| Maserati | 1957 | ||
| Chevrolet | 1965 | ||
| Oldsmobile | 1996 | ||
| Riley | 2014 | ||
| Chevrolet | 2015 | ||
| Ligier | 2016 | ||
| Mazda | 2020 |
| Rank | Driver | Wins | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Tom Kristensen | 6 | 99–00, 05–06, 2009, 2012 |
| 2 | Rinaldo Capello | 5 | 01–02, 2006, 2009, 2012 |
| 3 | Frank Biela | 4 | 2000, 03–04, 07 |
| Allan McNish | 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012 | ||
| 5 | Phil Hill | 3 | 1958, 1959, 1961 |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Olivier Gendebien | 1959, 1960, 1961 | ||
| Mario Andretti | 1967, 1970, 1972 | ||
| Hans-Joachim Stuck | 1975, 1986, 1988 | ||
| Marco Werner | 2003, 2005, 2007 | ||
 Pipo Derani | 2016, 2018, 2019 |
Overall winners
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- ^A The car was in fact, a Porsche 935 K3 that has been modified with a single plug cylinder head and a front nose to resemble a Porsche 934 to comply to IMSA GTO specification.[15]
- ^B These races were stopped for a period of time due to heavy rain and/or accidents. The race clock was not stopped for these periods and counted towards the 12 Hours.
- ^C Race record for most distance covered.
- ^D Technically the race "winner" in 1950 was the Crosley Hot Shot of Fritz Koster / Ralph Deshon, entered by Victor Sharpe Jr. of Tampa. While the Wacker / Burrell Allard did cover more distance, the race was run under the "Index of Performance" handicapping rules and the Crosley, with a much smaller engine than the Cadillac-powered Allard, is listed in the Official Sebring Record Book as the winner.
References
- McCluggage, Denise (February 20, 2012). "Racing Through History". Autoweek. 62 (4): 66–67.
- ONCE AROUND THE CLOCK SWIFTLY ROLLING
- Sebring
- LE MANS USA. MAJOR ENDURANCE TEST FOR PORSCHE AT SEBRING.
- Nobody Tells You How Punishing the 12 Hours of Sebring Really Is
- Porsche Celebrates 12 Hours of Sebring Winners
- Sebring 12 hours statistics
- "Sebring countdown: The 20 greatest battles countdown, Nos. 8 through 5 | Autoweek". 2016-04-06. Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- Corvette C6-R Race Car Launches For 2005
- 2005 Aston-Martin DBR9
- Audi V12 TDI is "Race Engine of the Year"
- IMSA cuts back diesel advantage, archived from the original on 2019-05-30, retrieved 2021-01-31
- Sam Collier Memorial Sebring Grand Prix of Endurance Six Hours, www.racingsportscars.com Retrieved on 31 July 2012
- "Official Race Results" (PDF). International Motor Sports Association. 2018-03-20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-09. Retrieved 2018-12-09.
- Starkey, John. 930 to 935: The Turbo Porsches. Renwick & Starkey Ltd. ISBN 0-9665094-1-2.