Appleby-in-Westmorland

St Lawrence's Parish Church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.[3] Appleby Castle was founded by Ranulf le Meschin in the early 12th century. The Borough of Appleby was founded by a royal charter in 1179 and its Moot Hall built about 1596.[4] Surviving timbers in the roof were felled between 1571 and 1596.[5] In the Second English Civil War Appleby was placed under a siege, in which the Regicide Major General Thomas Harrison was wounded.[6]

Appleby Grammar School dates back to two chantry bequests in 1286.[7] It was incorporated by Letters Patent of Queen Elizabeth in 1574.[7] George Washington's father and two half-brothers, born in Virginia, were educated at Appleby Grammar School. He would have followed, but in 1743, when he reached the age at which the two older boys had made the voyage, his father died suddenly.[8]

Appleby is overlooked by the privately owned Appleby Castle, a largely Norman structure that served as home for Lady Anne Clifford in the 17th century. Appleby's main industry is tourism, due to its history, remoteness, scenery, and proximity to the Lake District, the North Pennines, Swaledale and Howgill Fells.

From 1973, Appleby Castle was the headquarters of Ferguson Industrial Holdings Plc.[9][10][11] WA Developments Limited, now Stobart Rail Limited, was long based in Appleby as a civil engineering company founded by Andrew Tinkler and William Stobart and specialising in railway maintenance.[12]

Appleby's economy is based mainly on the service sector, through small businesses, restaurants and pubs. The private businesses include butchers, grocers, bakers and newsagents.[13] Appleby Creamery makes premium and hand-made cheeses, including Eden Valley Brie.[14]

Gypsy horses in the River Eden

Appleby and surrounding villages host long-established events such as Warcop rushbearing, which dates back to at least 1716.[15]

The four-day Appleby Horse Fair is held on the first weekend of June.[16] The earliest known record of it appears in a 12th-century charter from King Henry II of England.

Appleby Agricultural Society, founded in 1841, puts on an annual agricultural show.[17] More recently the town has held an annual themed carnival.

Other local events are described in the community website.[18]

Appleby was a parliamentary borough from medieval times, electing two Members of Parliament. By the 18th century it was a pocket borough, whose members were effectively in the gift of the Lowther family. They included William Pitt the Younger, who was MP for Appleby when he became Prime Minister in 1783, although he stood down in the next general election, preferring to take a Cambridge University seat.

A later Appleby member was Viscount Howick, later (as Earl Grey) the Prime Minister under whom the Great Reform Act of 1832 was passed. However, that did not save it from losing both members under the Act. As the only county town disenfranchised, Appleby was a controversial case in the debates on the Reform Bill, where the opposition attempted vainly to save it at least one MP. It gained a new charter in 1885.[19]

The town remained a municipal borough until such status was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972. It was superseded by Eden district, based in Penrith. Despite this, it remained smaller in size and population than most urban districts, although with a larger population than some early Westmorland urban districts such as Grasmere and Shap.

Appleby was the county town of Westmorland. The Assize Courts met there, but the former county council sat in Kendal.

Appleby railway station on the Settle-Carlisle Line was opened by the Midland Railway in 1876. Appleby East station, built by the North Eastern Railway was nearby. The former remains, but the latter was closed in 1962, although it retains the potential for connection to the Eden Valley Railway.

A chronological list of notables from Appleby with a Wikipedia page:

• Lady Anne Clifford (1590–1676), played a big part in shaping Appleby by restoring the castle and refurbishing the churches. Her memorial stands beside her mother's in St Lawrence's Church, Boroughgate, where both are buried.
• Thomas Barlow (1607/1608–1691), an English academic and clergyman who became Provost of Queen's College, Oxford and Bishop of Lincoln, was born at nearby Orton and attended Appleby Grammar School.
• William Stobart (born 1961), director and shareholder of Appleby based WA Developments Ltd
• Gavin Skelton (born 1981), football coach
• Helen Skelton (born 1983), television presenter, attended Appleby Grammar School.

• Listed buildings in Appleby-in-Westmorland

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Appleby-in-Westmorland.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Appleby-in-Westmorland.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Appleby.

• Cumbria County History Trust: Appleby (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)
• Appleby-in-Westmorland Society's picture archive updated weekly
• Town Council and Tourist Information Centre