Avetheropoda

Avetheropoda, or "bird theropods", is a clade that includes carnosaurians and coelurosaurs to the exclusion of other dinosaurs.

Avetheropods
Temporal range:
Middle Jurassic–Present, 175.6–0 Ma Possible Early Jurassic record
Mounted Allosaurus fragilis skeleton cast, San Diego Natural History Museum
Kiwi with its egg (1913)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Orionides
Clade: Avetheropoda
Paul, 1988
Subgroups
Synonyms
  • Neotetanurae Sereno et al., 1998

Definition

Avetheropoda was named by Gregory S. Paul in 1988,[1] and was first defined as a clade by Currie and Padian in 1997, to include Allosaurus, modern birds, and other animals descended from their most recent ancestor. In 1999, Paul Sereno named another group, Neotetanurae, for the clade containing Allosauroidea and Coelurosauria, and excluding other tetanurans such as megalosauroids,[2] but this definition was published slightly later.

Classification

The cladogram presented below follows a phylogenetic analysis published by Zanno and Makovicky in 2013.[3]

Orionides
†Megalosauroidea
 

†Piatnitzkysauridae

 
†Megalosauria
 

†Spinosauridae

 
 

†Megalosauridae

 
 
 
Avetheropoda
 

Coelurosauria

 
†Allosauroidea
 

†Metriacanthosauridae

 
†Allosauria
 

†Allosauridae

 
†Carcharodontosauria
 

†Neovenatoridae

 
 

†Carcharodontosauridae

 
 
 
 
 
 

In 2019, Rauhut and Pol described Asfaltovenator vialidadi, a basal allosauroid displaying a mosaic of primitive and derived features seen within Tetanurae. Their phylogenetic analysis found traditional Megalosauroidea to represent a basal grade of carnosaurs, paraphyletic with respect to Allosauroidea.[4]

 Orionides 
 Avetheropoda 
 

Coelurosauria

 
 
†Carnosauria
 

†Piatnitzkysauridae

 
 
†Allosauroidea
 

†Asfaltovenator vialidadi

 
 
 

†Metriacanthosauridae

 
 
†Allosauria
 

†Allosauridae

 
 
†Carcharodontosauria
 

†Neovenatoridae

 
 

†Carcharodontosauridae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

}} }}

References
  1. Paul, G. S. (1988). Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-61946-2.
  2. Sereno, P. C. (1999). "The evolution of dinosaurs". Science. 284 (5423): 2137–2147. doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2137. PMID 10381873.
  3. Zanno, L. E.; Makovicky, P. J. (2013). "Neovenatorid theropods are apex predators in the Late Cretaceous of North America". Nature Communications. 4: 2827. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4E2827Z. doi:10.1038/ncomms3827. PMID 24264527.
  4. Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Pol, Diego (2019-12-11). "Probable basal allosauroid from the early Middle Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Argentina highlights phylogenetic uncertainty in tetanuran theropod dinosaurs". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 18826. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53672-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6906444. PMID 31827108.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.