Bangaon (community development block)

Bangaon (also spelled as Bongaon) is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Bangaon subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

For other uses, see Bangaon (disambiguation).
Bangaon
Community development block
Bangaon
Location in West Bengal, India
Coordinates: 22.9897900°N 88.6755680°E / 22.9897900; 88.6755680
Country India
StateWest Bengal
DistrictNorth 24 Parganas
Government
 • TypeRepresentative democracy
Area
 • Total336.70 km2 (130.00 sq mi)
Elevation
11 m (36 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total380,903
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
Literacy (2011)
 • Total literates273,967 (79.71%)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
743251(Ganrapota)
743262(Gopalnagar)
743701(Palla)
Telephone/STD code03215
ISO 3166 codeIN-WB
Vehicle registrationWB-25, WB-26, WB-27, WB-28
Lok Sabha constituencyBangaon
Vidhan Sabha constituencyBangaon Uttar, Bangaon Dakshin, Bagdah
Websitenorth24parganas.nic.in

Geography

Chawberia, a constituent panchayat of Bangaon block, is located at 22°59′23″N 88°40′32″E.

CD Blocks in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal

Bangaon CD Block is bounded by Bagdah CD block in the north, Sharsha Upazila in Jessore District of Bangladesh in the east, Gaighata and Habra I CD blocks in the south, and Haringhata and Chakdaha CD blocks in Nadia district in the west.[1]

Bangaon is part of the Ichhamati-Raimangal Plain, one of the three physiographic regions in the district located in the lower Ganges Delta. It contains soil of mature black or brownish loam to recent alluvium. The Ichhamati flows through the eastern part of the district.[2]

Bangaon has an area of 336.70 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 16 gram panchayats, 230 gram sansads (village councils), 150 mouzas and 149 inhabited villages. Gopalnagar police station serves this block.[3] The headquarters of this CD block is at Bangaon, hence the name.[4]

Gram panchayats of Bangaon block/ panchayat samiti are: Akaipur, Chhaighoria, Gangrapota, Kalupur, Bairampur, Dharam Pukuria, Ghatbour, Palla, Chawberia I, Dighari, Gopalnagar I, Sundarpur, Chawberia II, Ganganandapur, Gopalnagar II and Tengra.[5]

Demographics

Population

In the 2011 Census of India Bongaon had a total population of 380,903, all of which were rural. There were 196,487 (52%) males and 184,416 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 37,209. Scheduled Castes numbered 177,503 (46.60%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 13,765 (3.61%).[6]

In the 2001 census, Bangaon block had a population of 343,974 out of which 177,515 were males and 166,459 were females.[7]

Large villages in Bangaon are (2011 census figures in brackets) Nakful (4,499), Sabhaipur (4,032), Panchita (5,148), Bharatpur (4,400), Kundipur (4,760), Krishnachandrapur (4,901), Bangangram (6,144), Arsingri (4,511), Tengra (4,226), Bhasanpota (4,376), Manigram (5,306), Paikpara (6,397), Chhayagharia (10,891), Kalupur (10,413), Purana Bangaon (8,265), Kamdebpur (4,011), Barakpur (6,945), Khamarkalla (12,645), Kansona (7,334), Santoshpur (4,168), Sanakpur (4,057), Palla (5,058), Dighari (4,241), Chauberia (8,039) and Ichhlampur (6,886).[6]

North 24 Parganas district is densely populated, mainly because of the influx of refugees from East Pakistan (later Bangladesh). With a density of population of 2,182 per km2 in 1971, it was 3rd in terms of density per km2 in West Bengal after Kolkata and Howrah, and 20th in India.[8] According to the District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas, “High density is also explained partly by the rapid growth of urbanization in the district. In 1991, the percentage of urban population in the district has been 51.23.” [9]

Decadal Population Growth Rate (%)

The decadal growth of population in Bangaon in 2001-2011 was 10.71%.[10] The decadal growth of population in Bangaon in 1991-2001 was 16.85%.[11]

The decadal growth rate of population in North 24 Parganas district was as follows: 47.9% in 1951-61, 34.5% in 1961-71, 31.4% in 1971-81, 31.7% in 1981-91, 22.7% in 1991-2001 and 12.0% in 2001-11.[12] The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%.[13] The decadal growth rate for West Bengal was 17.84% in 1991-2001, 24.73% in 1981-1991 and 23.17% in 1971-1981.[14]

Only a small portion of the border with Bangladesh has been fenced and it is popularly referred to as a porous border. It is freely used by Bangladeshi infiltrators, terrorists, smugglers, criminals, et al.[15][16][17][18]

Literacy

In the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Bangaon was 273,967 (79.71% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 149,598 (84.27% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 124,369 (74.84% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 9.42%.[6]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Language and religion

According to the census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%).[19]

Religion in Bangaon CD Block
Hindu
 
 78.17%
Muslim
 
 18.47%
Others
 
 3.36%

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 297,755 and formed 78.17% of the population in Bangaon. Muslims numbered 70,338 and formed 18.47% of the population. Others numbered 12,810 and formed 3.36% of the population.[20]

In 1981 Hindus numbered 182,693 and formed 79.7% of the population and Muslims numbered 45,845 and formed 20.09% of the population. In 1991 Hindus numbered 235,538 and formed 80.00% of the population and Muslims numbered 58,119 and formed 19.74% of the population in Bangaon. (The 1981 and 1991 censuses were conducted as per the jurisdiction of the police station.)[21]

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 3,52,769 and formed 53.46% of the population in North 24 Parganas district. Muslims numbered 2,584,684 and formed 25.82% of the population.[20] In West Bengal Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.[20]

See also - North 24 Parganas: minority concentrated district

Rural Poverty

27.70% of households in Bangaon lived below the poverty line in 2001, against an average of 29.28% in North 24 Parganas district.[22]

Economy

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Bangaon CD Block

  Cultivators (23.80%)
  Agricultural labourers (38.09%)
  Household industries (5.22%)
  Other Workers (32.88%)

In Bangaon in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 32,922 and formed 23.80% of the total workers, agricultural labourers numbered 52,684 and formed 38.09%, household industry workers numbered 7,225 and formed 5.22% and other workers numbered 45,473 and formed 32.88%. Total workers numbered 138,304 and formed 36.31% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 242,599 and formed 63.69% of the population.[23]

In more than 30 percent of the villages in North 24 Parganas, agriculture or household industry is no longer the major source of livelihood for the main workers there. The CD blocks in the district can be classified as belonging to three categories: border areas, Sundarbans area and other rural areas. The percentage of other workers in the other rural areas category is considerably higher than those in the border areas and Sundarbans areas.[24]

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[25]

Infrastructure

There are 149 inhabited villages in Bangaon, according to the district census handbook: North 24 Parganas. 100% villages have power supply. 148 villages (99.33%) have drinking water supply. 44 villages (29.53%) have post offices. 123 villages (85.23%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 100 villages (67.11%) have a pucca approach road and 51 villages (34.23%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 19 villages (12.75%) have agricultural credit societies and 17 villages (11.41%) have banks.[26]

Agriculture

The North 24 Parganas district Human Development Report opines that in spite of agricultural productivity in North 24 Parganas district being rather impressive 81.84% of rural population suffered from shortage of food. With a high urbanisation of 54.3% in 2001, the land use pattern in the district is changing quite fast and the area under cultivation is declining. However, agriculture is still the major source of livelihood in the rural areas of the district.[27]

From 1977 on wards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.[28] Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2010-11, persons engaged in agriculture in Banagaon could be classified as follows: bargadars 3,565 (4.30%), patta (document) holders 4,211 (5.08%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 8,375 (10.10%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 29,098 (35.08%) and agricultural labourers 37,705 (45.45%).[29]

Bangaon had 211 fertiliser depots, 43 seed stores and 78 fair price shops in 2010-11.[29]

In 2010-11, Bangaon produced 29,164 tonnes of aman paddy, the main winter crop from 11,815 hectares, 29,629 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 8,716 hectares, 8,465 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 4,855 hectares, 1,485 tonnes of wheat from 471 hectares, 107,748 tonnes of jute from 7,143 hectares, 29,566 tonnes of potatoes from 834 hectares and 3,248 tonnes of sugar cane from 40 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.[29]

In 2010-11, the total area irrigated in Bangaon was 6,312 hectares, out of which 320 hectares were irrigated canal water, 50 hectares by tank water, 950 hectares by river lift irrigation, 1,392 hectares by deep tube well, 500 hectares by shallow tube well and 3,420 hectares by other means.[29]

Pisciculture

In 2010-11, the net area under effective pisciculture in Bangaon was 2,212.44 hectares. 57,685 persons were engaged in the profession. Approximate annual production was 66,373.2 quintals.[29]

Banking

In 2010-11, Bangaon had offices of 18 commercial banks and 2 gramin banks.[29]

Transport

km
km
to Jessore
 Benapole
Bangladesh
India
border
 Petrapole Goods
Ichamati River
Bagdah (planned)
77
 Bangaon
Chandabazar (planned)
Poramaheshtala (planned)
NH 35
Satberia
28
72
 Bibhuti Bhushan Halt
Gopalnagar
23
Akaipur
19
67
 Chandpara
Majhergram
15
Gangnapur
11
63
 Thakurnagar
Naba Raynagar
6
Coopers Halt
58
 Gobardanga
Ranaghat
0
Lalgola and Gede
branch lines
Jamuna River
Sealdah–Ranaghat line
Machhalandapur
54
Swarupnagar (planned)
Hingalganj (planned)
75
 Hasnabad
73
 Taki Road
71
 Nimdanri
Sanhati Halt
50
69
 Madhyampur
67
 Matania Anantapur
Habra
45
65
 Basirhat
63
 Bhyabla Halt
Ashoknagar Road
41
58
 Champapukur
56
 Ghora Ras Ghona
NH 35
54
 Malatipur
49
 Kankra Mirzanagar
Guma
38
46
 Harua Road
43
 Bhasila
Bira
34
41
 Lebutala
37
 Beliaghata Road
Duttapukur
30
35
 Sondalia
32
 Bahira Kalibari
Bamangachhi
27
29
 Karea Kadambagachhi
26
 Kazipara
NH 35
23
 Barasat
NH 34
21
 Hridaypur
19
 Madhyamgram
Noai Canal
17
 New Barrackpur
15
 Bisharpara Kodaliya
14
 Birati
12
 Durganagar
14
 Biman Bandar
12
 Jessore Road
line closed
Sealdah–Ranaghat line
10
 Dum Dum Cantonment
Calcutta chord link
to Dankuni
7
 Dum Dum
Patipukur
Kolkata Circular Railway
Kolkata
4
 Bidhannagar Road
Sealdah North & Main
0
Sir Gurudas
Banerjee Halt
Sealdah South
0
Park Circus
3
Sealdah South lines
km
km
Source: Indian Railway Time Table

In 2010-11, Bangaon had 11 originating/terminating bus routes.[29]

NH 112 (old numbering NH 35) (also known as Jessore Road) meets SH 1 and SH 3 at Bangaon, and then moves on to the Bangladesh border at Petrapole.[30][31]

Bangaon Junction railway station is last station on both the Sealdah-Bangaon line and the Ranaghat - Bangaon section. Apart from Bangaon Junction, there is Bibhuti Bhushan Halt railway station.[32][33]

Education

In 2010-11, Bangaon had 191 primary schools with 20,426 students, 8 high schools with 5,301 students and 29 higher secondary schools with 38,301 students. Bongaon had one general college with 2,511 students and 593 institutions for special and non-formal education with 19,744 students.[29]

Nahata Jogendranath Mandal Smriti Mahavidyalaya was established at Nahata in 1985.[34][35]

In the 2011 census, in Bangaon, amongst the 149 inhabited villages, 1 village did not have a school, 73 villages had more than 1 primary school, 69 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 49 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.[36]

Healthcare

In 2011, Bangaon had one block primary health centre and 3 primary health centres, with total 10 beds and 5 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 55 family welfare subcentres. 115,621 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.[29]

Sundarpur block primary health centre at Palla is the main medical facility in Bangaon. There are primary health centres at Garibpur (Akaipur PHC with 6 beds) and Chowberia (with 6 beds).[37]

Bangaon block is one of the areas where ground water is affected by arsenic contamination.[38]

References
  1. "North 24 Parganas District". Map Gallery – CD Blocks. North 24 Parganas district administration. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  2. "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 13. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  3. "District Statistical Handbook". North 24 Parganas 2010-2011, Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 2019-01-21. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  4. "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Map of North Twenty Four Parganas with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page). Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  5. "Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal". North Twentfour Parganas - Revised in March 2008. Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  6. "C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  7. "Census of India 2001, Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table - 4". North Twenty Four Parganas District (11). Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
  8. "District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas" (PDF). Intro P 6. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  9. "District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas" (PDF). Page 259, Table 11.2.2. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  10. "District Census Handbook: North 24 Parganas, Series 20 Part XII A" (PDF). Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001-2011, Page 52. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  11. "District Statistical Handbook". North 24 Parganas 2010-2011; Table 2.4A: Distribution of Rural and Urban Population by Sex in the district of North 24 Parganas, 1991; Table 2.4B: Distribution of Rural and Urban Population by Sex in the district of North 24 Parganas, 2001. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Archived from the original on 2019-01-21. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  12. "District Census Handbook: North 24 Parganas, Series 20 Part XII A" (PDF). Growth Rate, Page 45. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  13. "Census of India 2011: Provisional Totals for West Bengal". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  14. "District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas" (PDF). Page 40, Table 3.2.1. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  15. "Why BSF wants 81.7 km of Indo-Bangla border fenced urgently". Rediff.com. 21 August 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  16. Mishra, Abhinandan. "Laskar helped fan Basirhat tension". Sunday Guardian, 8 July 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  17. "Infiltrating porous Bangladesh-India border". Aljazeera. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  18. "Bangladeshi Infiltrators – the Reality Check". The Pioneer, 27 June 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  19. "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 50: Mother-tongue. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  20. "C1 Population by Religious Community". West Bengal. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  21. "Block Level Statistics of North 24 Parganas District" (PDF). Handbook 2004. Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  22. "District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas" (PDF). Page 259, Table 11.2.2. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  23. "District Census Handbook North 24 Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 93, Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories ofEconomic Activity in Sub-district 2011; Page 84, Table 30: Number and Percentage of Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non-workers by sex in sub-districts, 2011. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  24. "District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas" (PDF). Pages 27-28. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  25. "District Census Handbook North 24 Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  26. "District Census Handbook, North 24 Parganas district, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 103-104, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011. Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  27. "District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas" (PDF). Pages 66, 195. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  28. "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  29. "District Statistical Handbook". North 24 Parganas 2010-2011, Tables 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 (arranged in order of use). Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 2019-01-21. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  30. "District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Bangaon CD Block Map, Page 179. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  31. "List of State Highways in West Bengal". West Bengal Traffic Police. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  32. "33811 Sealdah-Bangaon local". Time Table. India Railinfo. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  33. "33711 Ranaghat-Bangaon local". Time Table. India Railinfo. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  34. "Nahata Jogendranath Mandal Smriti Mahavidyalaya". NJMSM. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  35. "Nahta Jogendranath Mandal Smriti Mahavidyalaya". Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  36. "District Census Handbook, North Twentyfour Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 717, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  37. "Health & Family Welfare Department". Health Statistics. Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  38. "Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )". Groundwater arsenic contamination status of North 24-Parganas district, one of the nine arsenic affected districts of West Bengal-India. SOES. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
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