Chakdaha (community development block)

Chakdaha is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Kalyani subdivision of Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Chakdaha
Community development block
Chakdaha
Location in West Bengal, India
Coordinates: 23.08°N 88.52°E / 23.08; 88.52
Country India
StateWest Bengal
DistrictNadia
Government
 • TypeCommunity development block
Area
 • Total288.80 km2 (111.51 sq mi)
Elevation
14 m (46 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total405,719
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
Literacy (2011)
 • Total literates293,946 (64.28%)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
741222
Telephone/STD code03473
Vehicle registrationWB-51, WB-52
Lok Sabha constituencyRanaghat, Bangaon
Vidhan Sabha constituencyChakdaha, Haringhata
Websitenadia.nic.in

Geography

Chakdaha is located at 23°05′N 88°31′E.

Chakdaha CD Block is bounded by Ranaghat I and Ranaghat II CD Blocks in the north, Bangaon CD Block, in North 24 Parganas district, in the east, Haringhata CD Block and Kanchrapara, Halisahar and Barrackpore I CD Block, in the North 24 Parganas district, in the south and Chinsurah-Mogra CD Block in Hooghly district, across the Hooghly River, in the west.[1]

Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of Hooghly River, locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature.[2]

Chakdaha CD Block has an area of 288.80 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 10 gram panchayats, 307 gram sansads (village councils), 158 mouzas and 137 inhabited villages. Chakdaha police station serves this block.[3] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Chakdaha.[4]

Gram panchayats of Chakdaha block/ panchayat samiti are: Chanduria I, Dewli, Dubra, Ghetugachhi, Hingnara, Silinda I, Silinda II, Tatla I, Tatla II and Rautari.[5]

Demographics

Population

As per the 2011 Census of India, Chakdaha CD Block had a total population of 405,719, of which 314,383 were rural and 91,336 were urban. There were 209,513 (52%) males and 196,206 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 38,434. Scheduled Castes numbered 185,933 (45.83%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 21,609 (5.33%).[6]

As per the 2001 census, Chakdaha block had a total population 362,739, out of which 187,025 were males and 175,714 were females. Chakdaha block registered a population growth of 19.52 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 19.51 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.[7][8]

There are several census towns in Chakdaha CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Punglia (6,857), Darappur (8,275), Lalpur (P) (8,356), Chanduria (12,700), Shimurali (5,027), Priyanagar (5,763), Jangal (5,106), Madanpur (13,675), Saguna (P) (14,991) and Kulia (P) (10,406).[6]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Chakdaha CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Balagari Char (5,305), Manaspota (4,544), Sikarpur (4,770), Alaipur (13,754), Rautari (6,563), Chaugachha (8,603), Purba Bishnupur (5,191), Dubra (5,285), Balia (6,014), Balarampur (4,606), Hariankha (6,585), Srinagar (10,483), Muratipur (P) (5,208), Char Kachrapara (4,491), Silinda (7,741) and Chand Mari (P), (8,475).[6]

Other villages in Chakdaha CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Ghetugachhi (2,230), Chuadanga (1,764), Hingnara (1,687) and Sarati (3,284).[6]

Literacy

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Chakdah CD Block was 293,946 (80.03% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 161,564 (85.14% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 132,382 (74.57% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 10.57%.[6]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Language and religion

According to the District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 97.9% of the population of Nadia district district, followed by Hindi (1.1%), Santali (0.3%), Sadan/ Sadri (0.2%), Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%), Telugu (0.1%) and other languages 0.3%.[9]

According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws.[10][11][12][13]

The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.[14][15] However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered. Census 2011 provides language data only at the district and above level.

Religion in Chakdaha CD Block
Hindu
 
 83.66%
Muslim
 
 14.65%
Christian
 
 0.41%
Others
 
 1.28%

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 339,415 and formed 83.66% of the population in Chakdaha CD Block. Muslims numbered 59,451 and formed 14.65% of the population. Christians numbered 1,657 and formed 0.41% of the population. Others numbered 5,196 and formed 1.28% of the population.[16]

In the 2001 census, Hindus numbered 306,028 and formed 84.31% of the population of Chakdaha CD Block. Muslims numbered 51,790 and formed 14.27% of the population. In the 1991 census, Hindus numbered 257,794 and formed 84.94% of the population of Chakdaha CD Block. Muslims numbered 44,514 and formed 14.67% of the population.[17]

Rural poverty

The District Human Development Report for Nadia has provided a CD Block-wise data table for Modified Human Vulnerability Index of the district. Chakdaha CD Block registered 32.60 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHVI was estimated at 33.92. A total of 8 out of the 17 CD Blocks in Nadia district were found to be severely deprived when measured against the CD Block mean MHVI - Karimpur I and Karimpur II (under Tehatta subdivision), Kaliganj, Nakashipara, Chapra, Krishnanagar I and Nabadwip (under Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision) and Santipur (under Ranaghat subdivision) appear to be backward.[18]

As per the Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal, the rural poverty ratio in Nadia district was 28.35%. The estimate was based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999–2000.[19]

Economy

Livelihood

In Chakdaha CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 16.64%, agricultural labourers 29.49, household industry workers 4.24% and other workers 49.63%.[20]

The southern part of Nadia district starting from Krishnanagar I down to Chakdaha and Haringhata has some urban pockets specialising in either manufacturing or service related economic activity and has reflected a comparatively higher concentration of population but the urban population has generally stagnated. Nadia district still has a large chunk of people living in the rural areas.[21]

Infrastructure

There are 137 inhabited villages in Chakdaha CD Block. 100% villages have power supply and 136 villages (99.27%) have drinking water supply. 26 Villages (18.98%) have post offices. 119 villages (86.86%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 67 villages (48.91%) have a pucca approach road and 53 villages (38.69%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 19 villages (13.87%) have agricultural credit societies and 16 villages (11.68%) have banks.[22] It should, however, be noted that although 100% villages in Nadia district had power supply in 2011, a survey in 2007-08 revealed that less than 50% of households had electricity connection. In rural areas of the country, the tube well was for many years considered to be the provider of safe drinking water, but with arsenic contamination of ground water claiming public attention it is no longer so. Piped water supply is still a distant dream. In 2007–08, the availability of piped drinking water in Nadia district was as low as 8.6%, well below the state average of around 20%.[23]

Agriculture

Persons engaged in agriculture
in Chakdaha CD Block

  Bargadars (2.70%)
  Patta holders (10.54%)
  Small farmers (5.64%)
  Marginal farmers (26.68%)
  Agricultural labourers (54.44%)

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.[24] Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Chakdaha CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 2.70%, patta (document) holders 10.54%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 5.64%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 26.68% and agricultural labourers 54.44%.[20] As the proportion of agricultural labourers is very high, the real wage in the agricultural sector has been a matter of concern.[25]

Chakdaha CD Block had 220 fertiliser depots and 87 fair price shops in 2013–14.[20]

In 2013–14, Chakdaha CD Block produced 3,181 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 1,297 hectares, 51,745 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 12,934 hectares, 2,226 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 811 hectares, 789 tonnes of wheat from 316 hectares, 121,652 tonnes of jute from 6,644 hectares, 1,155 tonnes of potatoes from 42 hectares and 301 tonnes of sugar cane from 3 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.[20]

In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Chakdaha CD Block was 1,745 hectares, out of which 102 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation and 643 hectares by deep tube wells.[20]

Banking

In 2013–14, Chakdaha CD Block had offices of 7 commercial banks and 5 gramin banks.[20]

Transport

Chakdaha CD Block has 2 ferry services and 5 originating/ terminating bus services.[20]

NH 12 (old number NH 34) passes through this block.[26]

SH 1, running from Bangaon (in North 24 Parganas district) to Kulpi (in South 24 Parganas district) passes through this CD Block.[27]

Education

In 2013–14, Chakdaha CD Block had 222 primary schools with 16,609 students, 14 middle schools with 1,407 students, 9 high schools with 4,495 students and 39 higher secondary schools with 39,805 students. Chakdaha CD Block had 6 technical/ professional institutions with 754 students and 705 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,316 students[20]

In Chakdaha CD Block, amongst the 170 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have any school, 62 had more than 1 primary school, 46 had at least 1 primary and one middle school and 30 had 1 middle school and 1 secondary school.[28]

Healthcare

In 2014, Chakdaha CD Block had 4 primary health centres and with total 10 beds and 16 doctors (excluding private bodies, but including Chakdaha municipal area). It had 40 family welfare subcentres. 210,669 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.[20]

Chaugacha Block Primary Health Centre, with 10 beds at Chaugacha, is the major government medical facility in the Chakdaha CD block. There are primary health centres at Moshra (with 6 beds) and Srinagar (with 10 beds), Sutargachhi (6 beds).[29][30]

Chakdah State General Hospital at Chakdaha functions with 100 beds.,[31]

Chakdaha CD Block is one of the areas of Nadia district where ground water is affected by high level of arsenic contamination. The WHO guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All the 17 blocks of Nadia district have arsenic contamination above this level. The maximum concentration in Chakdaha CD Block is 890 mg/litre.[32]

References
  1. "Tehsil Map of Nadia". CD Block/ Tehsil. Maps of India. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  2. Gangopadhyay, Basudev, Paschimbanga Parichay, 2001, (in Bengali), p. 70, Sishu Sahitya Sansad
  3. "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia". Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  4. "District Census Handbook: Nadia, Series 20 Part XII A" (PDF). Map of Nadia with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page). Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  5. "Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal". Nadia - Revised in March 2008. Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  6. "C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  7. "Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4". Census of India 2001, Nadia district (10). Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
  8. "Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
  9. "District Census Handbook Nadia, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census" (PDF). page 46: Mother tongue. Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  10. "West Bengal Official Language Act 1961". Latest Laws.com. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  11. "The West Bengal Official Language Act 1961". Advocate Tanmoy Law Library. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  12. "The West Bengal Official Language Act, 1961" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  13. "Official status for Urdu in some West Bengal Areas". The Hindu, 2 April 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  14. "Multilingual Bengal". The Telegraph, 11 December 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  15. "Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal". Outlook, 28 February 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  16. "C1 Population by Religious Community". West Bengal. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  17. "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia". Table 17.1. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original on 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  18. "District Human Development Report: Nadia" (PDF). June 2012. Pages: 211-212. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  19. "West Bengal Human Development Report 2004" (PDF). Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  20. "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia". Tables 2.7, 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use. Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  21. "District Human Development Report: Nadia" (PDF). Chapter IV: Livelihood and occupational structure, pages 63-73. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  22. "District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 91-92 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  23. "District Human Development Report, Nadia" (PDF). Pages 54-55, published in 2012, Infrastructure development across the district. Department of Planning, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  24. "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009. Archived from the original on 2016-10-05. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  25. "District Human Development Report, Nadia" (PDF). Pages 71-72, published in 2012, Infrastructure development across the district. Department of Planning, Government of West Bengal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  26. "Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways" (PDF). New Delhi: Department of Road Transport and Highways. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  27. "List of State Highways in West Bengal". West Bengal Traffic Police. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  28. "District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 591, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, 2011. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  29. "Health & Family Welfare Department" (PDF). Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres. Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  30. "Health & Family Welfare Department" (PDF). Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres. Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  31. "Health & Family Welfare Department" (PDF). Health Statistics - Hospitals. Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  32. "Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )". Nadia. SOES. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
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