Ben Gurion Airport

Ben Gurion Airport (Hebrew: נמל התעופה בן-גוריון; Arabic: مطار بن غوريون الدولي) (IATA: TLV, ICAO: LLBG), commonly known by its Hebrew acronym as Natbag (נתב״ג), is the main international airport of Israel and the busiest one in the country. The airport is located on the northern outskirts of the city of Lod, about 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Jerusalem and 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Tel Aviv.[4] Originally named Lod Airport, it was renamed in 1973 after David Ben-Gurion, Israel's first Prime Minister. The airport serves as a hub for El Al, Israir Airlines, Arkia, and Sun D'Or and is operated by the Israel Airports Authority – a government-owned corporation that manages all public airports and border crossings in Israel.

Ben Gurion Airport

נמל התעופה בן-גוריון
مطار بن غوريون الدولي
Summary
Airport typePublic
OperatorIsrael Airports Authority
ServesTel Aviv and Jerusalem[1]
LocationCentral District, Israel
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL134 ft / 41 m
Coordinates32°00′34″N 034°52′58″E
Websiteiaa.gov.il
Map
TLV/LLBG
Location within Israel
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
03/21 2,772 9,094 Asphalt
08/26 4,062 13,327 Asphalt
12/30 3,112 10,210 Asphalt
Statistics (2019[2][3])
Total passengers24,821,767
International passengers24,036,091
Domestic passengers785,676
Aircraft movements167,886

In 2019, Ben Gurion handled 24.8 million passengers.[2] The airport is considered to be among the five best airports in the Middle East due to its passenger experience and its high level of security.[5] Security forces such as Israel Police officers, IDF and Israel Border Police soldiers are complemented by airport security guards who operate both in uniform and undercover. The airport has been the target of several terrorist attacks, but no attempt to hijack a plane departing from Ben Gurion airport has ever succeeded.[6]

The airport is of extreme strategic importance to Israel due to it being one of the few convenient entry points to the country for most travelers.[7] To alleviate single point of failure risk, Ramon Airport was opened in 2019.[8] The airport closed for a week in 2021 to limit the spread of COVID-19.[9]

History

British Mandate period (1934–1948)

Lod Airport, 1958. The building is currently the Terminal 1 building.
Sculpture of David Ben-Gurion at Ben Gurion Airport, named in his honour

The airport began as an airstrip of two unpaved runways on the outskirts of the town of Lydda (now Lod), near the Templer colony of Wilhelma. It was built in 1934, during the British Mandate for Palestine.[10] The first passenger service at the new airport was the Misr Airwork route Cairo—Lydda—Nicosia, inaugurated on 3 August 1935. Subsequently, Misr flew via Lydda to Haifa and Baghdad. The first continental European airline with a regular service to Lydda was LOT Polish Airlines since 4 April 1937. By that time, Lydda Airport boasted four fully operational concrete runways.

In 1943, the airport was renamed "RAF Station Lydda". During World War II it served as a major airfield for military air transport and aircraft ferry operations between military bases in Europe, Africa, the Middle East (mainly Iraq and Persia) and South/Southeast Asia.

The first civilian transatlantic route, New York City to Lydda Airport, was inaugurated by TWA in 1946. The British gave up the airport at the end of April 1948.

WW2 British RAF diagram of the airport from an army pamphlet issued to the base staff.

Israel's first decades (1948–1973)

Soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces captured the airport on 10 July 1948, in Operation Danny, transferring control to the newly declared State of Israel. In 1948 the Israelis changed the official name of the nearby town from Lydda to Lod, the airport's name becoming Lod Airport.[11] Flights resumed on 24 November 1948.[12] That year, 40,000 passengers passed through the terminal. By 1952, the number had risen to 100,000 a month. Within a decade, air traffic increased to the point where local flights had to be redirected to Tel Aviv's other airport, the Sde Dov airfield (SDV) on the city's northern coast. By the mid-1960s, 14 international airlines were landing at the airport.

The airport's name was changed from Lod to Ben Gurion International Airport in 1973 to honour Israel's first Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion, who died that year.

Terrorist incidents (1972)

While Ben Gurion Airport has been a target of Palestinian attacks, the adoption of strict security precautions has ensured that no aircraft departing from Ben Gurion airport has ever been hijacked. On the other hand, airliners hijacked from other countries have landed at Ben Gurion, contributing to two major incidents in the airport's history.

In the first incident, on 8 May 1972, four Palestinian Black September terrorists hijacked a Sabena flight en route from Vienna and forced it to land at Ben Gurion airport. Sayeret Matkal commandos, including Benjamin Netanyahu, led by Ehud Barak (both future Israeli Prime Ministers) stormed the plane, killing two of the hijackers and capturing the other two. One passenger was killed.[13]

Later that month, on 30 May 1972, in an attack known as the Lod Airport massacre, 24 people were killed and 80 injured when three members of the Japanese Red Army sprayed machine gun fire into the passenger arrival area. The victims included Aharon Katzir, a prominent protein biophysicist and brother of Israel's 4th president. Those injured included Efraim Katzir and a group of twenty Puerto Rican tourists who had just arrived in Israel.[14] The only terrorist who survived was Kozo Okamoto, who received a life sentence but was released in 1985 as part of a prisoner exchange with the PFLP-GC.[15]

Since the 1980s

More buildings and runways were added over the years, but with the onset of mass immigration from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union in the 1980s and 90s, as well as the global increase of international business travel, the existing facilities became painfully inadequate, prompting the design of a new state-of-the-art terminal that could also accommodate the expected tourism influx for the 2000 millennium celebrations. The decision to go ahead with the project was reached in January 1994, but the new terminal, known as Terminal 3, only opened its doors a decade later, on 2 November 2004.[16] During a conflict with Gaza in July 2014, several airlines banned their flights to the airport for a couple of days.[17]

The furthest nonstop flight to have departed the airport was a private Airbus A340-500 owned by billionaire casino mogul Sheldon Adelson who flew on 2 January 2017 to Honolulu on a route over the Arctic Ocean. The flight was projected to last 17 hours and 40 minutes.[18]

Ramon Airport, an international airport near the southern Israeli city of Eilat, serves as a diversion airport for Ben Gurion Airport.[19]

Passenger terminals

Terminal 1

Terminal 1, now used for all domestic flights as well as certain international low-cost flights

History

Prior to the opening of Terminal 3, Terminal 1 was the main terminal building at Ben Gurion Airport. At that time, the departures check-in area was located on the ground floor. From there, passengers proceeded upstairs to the main departures hall, which contained passport control, duty-free shops, VIP lounges, one synagogue and boarding gates. At the gates, travelers would be required to descend a flight of stairs to return to the ground floor where waiting shuttle buses transported them to airplanes on the tarmac. The arrivals hall with passport control, luggage carousels, duty-free pick-up and customs was located at the south end of the building. The shuttle-buses transferred passengers and crews to and from the terminal to airplanes which were parked on the tarmac over 500 m (1,600 ft) away. After Terminal 3 opened, Terminal 1 was closed except for domestic flights to the airport in Eilat and government flights such as special immigrant flights from North America and Africa. Chartered flights organised by Nefesh B'Nefesh carrying immigrants from North America and England use this terminal for their landing ceremonies several times a year.[20]

Although Terminal 1 was closed between 2003 and 2007, the building served as a venue for various events and large-scale exhibitions including the "Bezalel Academy of Arts Centennial Exhibition" which was held there in 2006. The renovations for the terminal were designed by Yosef Assa with three individual atmospheric themes. Firstly, the public halls have a Land-of-Israel character with walls painted in the colors of Israel's Judean, Jerusalem and Galilee mountains. The Departure Hall is given an atmosphere of vacation and leisure, whilst the Arrivals Hall is given a more urban theme as passengers return to the city.[21]

Private jets on the apron at Terminal 1

In February 2006, the Israel Airports Authority announced plans to invest 4.3 million NIS in a new VIP wing for private jet passengers and crews, as well as others interested in avoiding the main terminal. VIP ground services already exist, but a substantial increase in users has justified expanding the facilities, which will also boost airport revenues. The IAA released figures showing significant growth in private jet flights (4,059, a 36.5% increase from 2004) as well as private jet users (14,613, a 46.2% increase from 2004). The new VIP wing, operated by an outside licensee, will be located in an upgraded and expanded section of Terminal 1. All flight procedures (security check, passport control and customs) will be handled here. This wing will include a hall equipped for press conferences, a deluxe lounge, special meeting rooms equipped with state-of-the-art business facilities and a designated lounge for flight crews who spend time at the airport between flights.[22] It was announced in January 2008, however, that the IAA planned to construct a new 1000 square metre VIP terminal next to Terminal 3.[23]

International low-cost and domestic terminal

An easyJet Switzerland Airbus A320 on stand at Terminal 3. Previously passengers on some low-cost international carriers such as easyJet checked-in at Terminal 1 and were bussed to Terminal 3 departures for boarding

Terminal 1 was closed in 2003 and re-opened in 2007 as the domestic terminal following extensive renovations,[24] and in July 2008, to cater for summer charter and low-cost flights.[25] It remained open for these charter and low-cost flights for the 2008 summer season then temporarily closed in October 2008, when it underwent further renovation and reopened again in Summer 2009, when it was expected to reach a three-month capacity of 600,000 passengers on international flights.[25] As of 2010, several low-cost carriers' international flights were operating out of Terminal 1 year-round including Vueling flights to Barcelona and easyJet flights to London (Luton), Manchester, Geneva, and Basel. In 2015, due to increased demand and following another expansion of the terminal, the Israel Airports Authority made Terminal 1 available to all low-cost carriers under certain conditions.[26] Flights operating out of Terminal 1 are charged lower airport fees than those operating out of Terminal 3.[27]

Until the summer of 2017 Terminal 1 was used for flight check-in, security screening and passport-control for international flights for passengers of certain low-cost airlines, but following passport control passengers were bussed to the departures concourse of Terminal 3 from which they boarded their flights. All incoming flights for airlines operating out of Terminal 1 were handled in Terminal 3. However, beginning on 19 June 2017 and following several months of renovations, Terminal 1 passengers began being bussed directly to their flights from Terminal 1, although incoming passengers continue to be handled in Terminal 3. The renovations to Terminal 1's boarding area included adding duty-free shops, restaurants and cafes. The terminal was also equipped with advanced checked-baggage handling and screening systems, similar to those in Terminal 3.

A free public shuttle from Terminal 3 and the railway station to and from Terminal 1 operates approximately every 15 to 30 minutes (depending on the time of day).

Terminal 3

Aerial view of Terminal 3
Terminal 3 Arrivals Hall

Terminal 3, which opened on 28 October 2004,[28] replaced Terminal 1 as the main international gateway to and from Israel. The building was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM).[29][30] Moshe Safdie & Associates[31] and TRA (now Black and Veatch)[29] designed a linking structure and the airside departure areas and gates. Ram Karmi[29] and other Israeli architects were the local architects of record. The inaugural flight was an El Al flight to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City.

Work on Natbag 2000, as the Terminal 3 project was known, was scheduled for completion prior to 2000 in order to handle a massive influx of pilgrims expected for the Millennium celebrations. This deadline was not met due to higher than anticipated costs and a series of work stoppages in the wake of the bankruptcy of the main Turkish contractor. The project eventually cost an estimated one billion US dollars. Due to the proximity of the airport to the country's largest population centres and the problem of noise pollution, another international airport is being considered to be built elsewhere in the country,[32] such as the new Ilan and Assaf Ramon Airport in Southern Israel.

Terminal 3 uses the Jetway system. The overall layout is similar to that of airports in Europe and North America, with multiple levels and considerable distances to walk after disembarking from the aircraft. The walk is assisted by escalators and moving walkways. The upper level departures hall, with an area of over 10,000 m2 (110,000 sq ft), is equipped with 110 check-in counters and as well as flight information display systems.[33] A small shopping mall, known as Buy & Bye, is open to both travellers and the general public. The mall, which includes shops, restaurants and a post office, was planned to be a draw for non-flyers too. On the same level as the mall, passengers enter passport control and the security check. Planes taking off and landing can be viewed from a distinctive tilted glass wall. The arrivals hall is located on the ground floor where there are also 20 additional check-in counters (serving Star Alliance airlines). Car rental counters are located in an intermediate level situated between the departing and arriving passenger halls. Terminal 3 has two synagogues.[34]

Airside duty-free rotunda, Terminal 3 departures

After the main security check, passengers wait for their flights in the star-shaped duty-free rotunda. A variety of cafes, restaurants and duty-free shops are located there, open 24 hours a day, as well as a synagogue, banking facilities, a transit hall for connecting passengers and a desk for VAT refunds.[35]

Terminal 3 has a total of 40 gates divided among four concourses (B, C, D, and E), each with 8 jetway-equipped gates (numbered 2 through 9), as well as two stand gates (bus bays 1 and 1A) from which passengers are ferried to aircraft. Concourses B, C, and D were opened when terminal 3 opened in 2004, while concourse E was completed in 2018.[36] Space exists for one additional concourse (A) at Terminal 3.

Free wireless internet is provided throughout the terminal.[37][38] The terminal has three business lounges—the exclusive El Al King David Lounge for frequent flyers and three Dan lounges for either privileged or paying flyers.

In January 2007, the IAA announced plans for a 120-bed hotel to be located about 300m west of Terminal 3.[39] The tender for the hotel was published by the IAA in late 2017. The winning bidder will construct and operate the hotel for a period of 25 years.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 was inaugurated in 1969 when Arkia resumed operations at the airport after the Six-Day War.[40] Terminal 2 served domestic flights until 20 February 2007 when these services moved into the refurbished Terminal 1. Due to increased traffic in the late 1990s and over-capacity reached at Terminal 1, an international section was added until Terminal 3 was opened. After the transfer of domestic services to Terminal 1, Terminal 2 was demolished in order to make room for additional air freight handling areas.

Terminal 4

This terminal, built in 1999, was meant to handle the crowds expected in 2000, but never officially opened. To date, it has only been used as a terminal for passengers arriving from Asia during the SARS epidemic.[41] Another use for the terminal was for the memorial ceremonies upon the arrival of the casket of Col. Ilan Ramon after the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in February 2003 and the arrival of Elhanan Tannenbaum and the caskets of 3 Israeli soldiers from Lebanon in January 2004.

Future development

In December 2017, the IAA announced a long-term expansion plan for Ben Gurion Airport estimated to cost approximately NIS 9 billion. Plans include further expansion of Terminal 1, a new dedicated domestic flights terminal, a major expansion of Terminal 3's landside terminal which would add approximately 90 additional check-in counters, construction of Concourse A, and additional aircraft parking spaces and ramps. In addition, air cargo facilities would be relocated to a large, currently-unused tract of land in the northern part of the airport's property (north of runway 08/26) where additional aircraft maintenance facilities would also be built.

In the meantime, to ease immediate overcrowding problems at Terminal 3's landside terminal, in the Spring of 2018 a temporary large, air-conditioned tent was erected adjacent to Terminal 3 housing 25 check-in counters and security screening facilities.

In August 2018, the IAA published a tender for the construction and operation of a new terminal, dedicated to handling private and executive aircraft traffic.[42]

Office buildings

The Airport City development, a large office park, is located east of the main airport property. It is at the junction of the Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv metropolitan areas.[43]

The head office of El Al is located at Ben Gurion Airport,[44] as is the head office of the Israel Airports Authority.[45]

The head offices of the Civil Aviation Authority and CAL Cargo Air Lines are located in the Airport City office park nearby the airport.[46][47]

In addition, Israel Aerospace Industries also maintains its head office on airport grounds as well as extensive aviation construction and repair facilities.[48]

Runways

Runway and taxiway layout as it existed from the 1970s until the mid-2010s. The runway depicted on the right was seldom used by commercial traffic due to being only 1,780m long.
Airport layout following the runway and taxiway reconstruction and reconfiguration completed in 2014.

Main runway

The closest runway to terminals 1 and 3 is 12/30, 3,112 m (10,210 ft) in length, and is followed by a taxiway. Most landings take place on this runway from West to East, approaching from the Mediterranean Sea over southern Tel Aviv.[49] During inclement weather, it may also be used for takeoffs (Direction 12). A 17 million NIS renovation project was completed in November 2007 which reinforced the runway and made it suitable for future wide-body aircraft. In September 2008, a new ILS serving the runway was activated. The main runway was closed from 2011 until early 2014 in order to accommodate the extension of runway 03/21 and other construction activity in the vicinity of the runway.

Short runway

When it was originally built, the short runway (direction 03/21) was 1,780 m (5,840 ft) long, making it too short to accommodate most mainline passenger jets. At the time it mainly served cargo aircraft of the Israeli Air Force and as a taxiway for runway 26. However, by late 2011, the runway was closed and most of the activity in the military apron to the east of the runway was permanently relocated to the Nevatim Airbase in southern Israel. In late May 2014 the runway was reopened after having been rebuilt and lengthened to 2,772 m (9,094 ft), allowing it to handle most types of aircraft. It is equipped with an ILS and mostly handles landings from north to south.

Quiet runway

The longest runway at the airfield, 4,062 m (13,327 ft), and the main take off runway from east to west (direction 08/26), is referred to as "the quiet runway" since jets taking off in this direction produce less noise pollution for surrounding residents. A 24 million NIS renovation project completed in February 2006 reinforced the runway and made it suitable for wide-body aircraft such as Airbus A380.[50]

History and development

The original layout of the airfield as designed by the British in the 1930s included four intersecting 800 m runways suitable for the piston engined aircraft of the day. However, none of this original layout is visible nowadays since as usage increased and aircraft types and needs changed over the years various runways on the airport's premises were built and removed.

The main runway (12/30) is the oldest surviving runway in the airport, with the quiet (08/26) and short (03/21) runways having been built in the late 1960s and 1970s. Since very little commercial traffic could operate on the short runway, it meant that for approximately forty years, the airport mostly relied on runways 12/30 and 08/26. This presented a problem however; the fact that these two runways intersect near their western end creates a crisscross pattern between aircraft landing and taking off. This pattern reduces the number of aircraft which can arrive to and depart from the airport and has detrimental safety implications as well.

With passenger traffic projected to increase, plans were drawn in the 1980s and 90s for the extension of runways 03/21 and 08/26 as a means of alleviating some of Ben Gurion's safety and capacity concerns. These plans were approved in 1997 and construction began in 2010. The extension of runway 03/21 allows the airport to operate in an "open V" configuration, allowing for simultaneous landings and take offs on runways 08/26 and 03/21 and thus more than double the number of aircraft movements which can be handled at peak times, while increasing the overall level of air safety in and around the airport. Construction took four years and cost 1 billion NIS (financed from the Israeli Airports Authority budget) and was completed 29 May 2014. It included paving 22 kilometers of runways and taxiways, using more than 1.5 million tons of asphalt, laying one million meters of runway lighting cables, 50,000 meters of high-voltage power lines and 10,000 light fixtures.[51] The construction of several new taxiways between the existing runways and terminals also significantly reduced taxi times at the airport.

Citizen objections

While Ben Gurion Airport is conveniently located in the very center of the country, this fact also means that the airport is surrounded by various residential communities who often complain of noise pollution caused by the airport. Following the completion of the extension of runway 03/21, residents north of the airport sued the Israeli aviation authorities claiming that the authorities intend to use the runway to a greater degree than was originally agreed with them during the approval process for the airport runways' reconfiguration project.

Security procedures

Overview

Ben Gurion International Airport has been said to be the world's most secure airport.[52] Security operates on several levels.[53]

All cars, taxis, buses and trucks go through a preliminary security checkpoint before entering the airport compound. Armed guards spot-check the vehicles by looking into cars, taxis and boarding buses, exchanging a few words with the driver and passengers. Armed security personnel stationed at the terminal entrances keep a close watch on those who enter the buildings. If someone arouses their suspicion or looks nervous, they may strike up a conversation to further assess the person's intent. Plainclothes armed personnel patrol the area outside the building, and hidden surveillance cameras operate at all times.[54] Inside the building, both uniformed and plainclothes security officers are on constant patrol. Departing passengers are personally questioned by security agents even before arriving at the check-in desk. This interview can last as little as a minute, or as long as an hour if a passenger is selected for additional screening. Luggage and body searches may be conducted.

Until August 2007, there was a system of color codes on checked baggage but the practice was discontinued after complaints of discrimination.[55] In the past, checked baggages were screened following the personal interview and before passengers arrived at the check-in desks. Occasionally, if security assessed a person as a low risk, they were passed straight through to the check-in desks, bypassing the main X-ray machines, a practice which also drew some discrimination complaints. This process ceased in April 2014 when the main X-ray machines were removed from the passenger queuing area in terminal 3 and baggage screening began being performed after the baggage was checked-in by airline representatives (as is common in most airports around the world). Terminal 1 began using the same procedure in summer 2017.

Baggage screening

After check-in, all checked baggage is screened using sophisticated X-ray and CT scanners and put in a pressure chamber to trigger any possible explosive devices. Following the check-in process, passengers continue to personal security and passport control. Before passing through the metal detectors and putting carry-on baggage through the X-ray machine at the security checkpoint, passports and boarding passes are re-inspected and additional questions may be asked. Before boarding the aircraft, passports and boarding passes are verified once again. Security procedures for incoming flights are not as stringent, but passengers may be questioned by passport control depending on country of origin, or countries visited prior to arrival in Israel. Passengers who have recently visited Arab countries are subject to further questioning.[56]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

The following airlines serve regular scheduled and charter destinations at Ben Gurion Airport.[57]

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens, Larnaca, Thessaloniki
Seasonal: Heraklion, Mykonos, Rhodes
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo
Air Canada Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau
Air Europa Madrid
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Seasonal: Nice
Air India Delhi
Air Malta Malta
Air Moldova Chișinău
Air Serbia Belgrade
Air Seychelles Mahé
Air Sinai Cairo
airBaltic Riga
Aircompany Armenia Yerevan
Alitalia Rome–Fiumicino
Seasonal: Athens
AnadoluJet Antalya, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen,[58] İzmir[58]
Arkia Athens, Barcelona, Belgrade, Bucharest, Dubai–International,[59] Eilat, Larnaca, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino
Seasonal: Amsterdam, Baku, Batumi, Bergamo, Bergen, Budapest, Burgas, Chișinău, Heraklion, Kos, Ljubljana, Mahé, Mykonos, Ohrid, Oslo, Paphos, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Plovdiv, Rhodes, Sofia, Strasbourg, Tbilisi, Thessaloniki, Verona, Yerevan, Zanzibar
American Airlines Dallas/Fort Worth (begins 31 October 2021),[60] New York–JFK (begins 6 May 2021)[61]
ASL Airlines France Seasonal: Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Austrian Airlines Vienna
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku
Azimuth Rostov-on-Don
Belavia Minsk
Blue Air Bucharest
Bluebird Airways Barcelona
Seasonal: Bucharest, Budapest, Burgas, Heraklion, Kos, Larnaca,[62] Prague, Rhodes, Thessaloniki
British Airways London–Heathrow
Brussels Airlines Brussels
Bulgaria Air Sofia
Seasonal: Burgas, Varna
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
Corendon Airlines Seasonal: Cologne/Bonn,[63] Nuremberg[63]
Croatia Airlines Seasonal: Dubrovnik, Zagreb
Cyprus Airways Larnaca
Delta Air Lines New York–JFK
easyJet Amsterdam, Basel/Mulhouse, Berlin, Bordeaux, Geneva, London–Luton, Lyon, Manchester, Milan–Malpensa, Naples, Nice, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Toulouse
Seasonal: London–Gatwick
El Al Amsterdam, Athens, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Beijing–Capital, Berlin, Boston, Brussels, Bucharest, Budapest, Chicago–O'Hare (resumes 13 March 2021),[64] Dubai–International,[65] Dublin (begins 28 February 2021),[66] Frankfurt, Geneva, Hong Kong, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Kyiv–Boryspil, Larnaca, Las Vegas, Lisbon, London–Heathrow, London–Luton, Los Angeles, Madrid, Mahé,[67] Marseille, Miami, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Mumbai, Munich, Newark, New York–JFK, Nice, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Sofia, Tokyo–Narita (begins 8 March 2021),[64] Toronto–Pearson, Venice, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin, Zürich
Emirates Dubai–International (begins 15 February 2021)[68]
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi (begins 28 March 2021)[69]
Finnair Helsinki
flydubai Dubai–International[59][70]
FlyOne Chișinău[71]
Georgian Airways Tbilisi
Seasonal: Batumi
Gulf Air Bahrain[72]
Hainan Airlines Beijing–Capital, Shenzhen
Iberia Madrid
Israir Airlines Bahrain,[73] Dubai–International,[59] Eilat, Larnaca
Seasonal: Athens, Baku, Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berlin, Burgas, Corfu, Genoa, Heraklion, Innsbruck, Kigali,[74] Ljubljana, Munich, Oslo, Palma de Mallorca,[75] Poprad-Tatry, Rhodes, Riga,[76] Rome–Fiumicino, Rovaniemi, Salzburg, Sofia, Stuttgart, Tbilisi, Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Tirana, Tivat, Varna, Yerevan, Zakynthos, Zürich[77]
Seasonal charter: Moscow–Domodedovo
KLM Amsterdam
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon
LATAM1 Santiago de Chile, São Paulo–Guarulhos
LOT Polish Airlines Gdańsk, Kraków, Lublin, Rzeszów, Warsaw–Chopin, Wrocław
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
MyWay Airlines Tbilisi
Neos Verona[78]
Norwegian Air Shuttle Copenhagen, Stockholm–Arlanda
Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Antalya, Dalaman, İzmir[79]
Rossiya St. Petersburg
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca[80]
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia
RwandAir Kigali
Ryanair[81] Athens, Bergamo, Bucharest (resumes 31 March 2021), Budapest, Kraków, Memmingen, Paphos, Sofia, Thessaloniki, Treviso (begins 1 April 2021),[82] Vienna, Warsaw–Modlin
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu
SkyUp Lviv, Zaporizhzhia
Smartwings Prague
Sun d'Or[83] Seasonal: Catania, Dubrovnik, Kraków, Ljubljana, Málaga, Naples, Odessa, Paphos, Rhodes, Tbilisi, Thessaloniki, Zagreb
SunExpress Seasonal: İzmir (begins 23 May 2021)[84]
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon[85]
TAROM Bucharest
Transavia Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Lyon, Paris–Orly
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Seasonal: Antalya
Ukraine International Airlines Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Kyiv–Boryspil, Lviv,[86] Odessa
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare,[87][88] Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles
Ural Airlines Krasnodar, Mineralnye Vody, Moscow–Zhukovsky, Saint Petersburg, Sochi, Yekaterinburg
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent
Virgin Atlantic London–Heathrow
Vueling Barcelona
Wizz Air[89] Abu Dhabi (begins 12 February 2021),[90] Bucharest, Budapest, Cluj-Napoca, Debrecen, Iași, Katowice, Kraków, Larnaca (begins 20 March 2021),[91] London–Luton, Milan–Malpensa, Sofia, Varna, Vienna, Vilnius, Warsaw–Chopin
  • ^1 The LATAM Chile flight to Santiago de Chile has a stop in São Paulo. The same aircraft then continues to Santiago de Chile under the same flight number. The same occurs on the return flight.

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
ASL Airlines Belgium Liège
CAL Cargo Air Lines[92] Atlanta, Hong Kong,[93] Larnaca, Liège, Mexico City, New York–JFK, Oslo
CargoLogicAir Frankfurt, London–Stansted
DHL Aviation Bergamo, Brussels,[94] Leipzig/Halle
El Al Cargo[95] Liège, New York-JFK[96]
Ethiopian Airlines Cargo Addis Ababa, Istanbul–Atatürk[97]
FedEx Express Athens, Cologne/Bonn, Munich, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Korean Air Cargo Milan–Malpensa, Seoul–Incheon, Vienna
Lufthansa Cargo Frankfurt
MNG Airlines Istanbul–Atatürk
Royal Jordanian Cargo Amman–Queen Alia
Silk Way West Airlines Baku
Turkish Cargo Istanbul–Atatürk

Statistics

In 2020, 4,808,980 passengers passed through the airport. The ten busiest airlines on international routes were: El Al (906,619), Israir (378,958), Turkish Airlines (310,950), United Airlines (265,747), easyJet (258,924), Wizz Air (244,445), Ryanair (233,878), Arkia (229,910), Pegasus Airlines (164,051), Lufthansa (139,604) and Aeroflot (125,098).[98]

Commercial flights from Sde Dov Airport which, until its closure in July 2019, handled more domestic passengers annually than TLV have been moved to Ben Gurion.[99]

See source Wikidata query.

Usage statistics for commercial operations[2][3]
YearTotal passengersPercentage changeTotal operationsPercentage change
1999 8,916,436
2000 9,879,47010.8%80,187
2001 8,349,65715.5%69,22613.7%
2002 7,308,97712.5%63,2068.7%
2003 7,392,0261.1%61,2023.2%
2004 8,051,8958.9%66,6388.9%
2005 8,917,42110.7%70,1395.3%
2006 9,221,5583.4%76,7359.4%
2007 10,526,56214.2%84,56810.3%
2008 11,550,4339.7%94,64411.9%
2009 10,925,9705.4%89,4425.5%
2010 12,160,33911.3%95,1716.4%
2011 12,978,6056.7%99,5274.6%
2012 13,133,9921.2%97,8241.7%
2013 14,227,6128.3%104,8507.2%
2014 14,925,3694.9%112,6536.9%
2015 16,299,4069.2%118,8615.5%
2016 17,936,81010%127,57510.1%
2017 20,781,22615.82%142,93812.94%
2018 22,949,676 10.75% 157,312 10.05%
2019 24,821,767 8.16% 167,886 6.72%
2020 4,808,980 80.62% 54,921 67.28%

Top destinations by number of passengers

Busiest Routes to and from TLV (2020)[100]
Rank Airport Passengers Annual Change Carriers
1 Istanbul 263,643 077.33% Turkish Airlines
2 Newark 241,097 063.54% El Al, United
3 Istanbul-Sabiha Gökçen 195,414 062.07% AnadoluJet, Pegasus Airlines
4 Paris-Charles de Gaulle 186,110 078.17% Air France, Arkia, ASL, easyJet, El Al
5 London-Heathrow 160,191 076.38% British Airways, El Al, Virgin Atlantic
6 New York-JFK 150,967 076.11% Delta, El Al
7 Athens 137,811 073.56% Aegean Airlines, Arkia, El Al, Ryanair
8 Moscow-Sheremetyevo 124,944 083.83% Aeroflot
9 Kyiv-Boryspil 123,725 080.89% El Al, Ukraine International
10 Frankfurt 120,254 076.18% El Al, Lufthansa

Ground transportation

The airport is located near Highway 1, the main Jerusalem-Tel Aviv Highway and Highway 40. The airport is accessible by car or public bus. Israel Railways operates train service from the airport to several parts of the country and taxi stands are located outside the arrivals building. A popular transportation option is a share taxi van, known in Hebrew as a "monit sherut" (service cab), going to Jerusalem, Haifa and Beer Sheva.

Public transport

Israel has an integrated nationwide public transport payment system covering multiple transit options (train, bus and light rail) run by various operators using a single payment card: the Rav-Kav. It features flexible tariff arrangements and offers free transfers between transit methods within certain geographical zones and time periods. A public transport information office which also issues Rav-Kav cards is located in the arrivals hall of Terminal 3. With a few exceptions, most public transport options (except for taxis and service cabs) do not operate on the Sabbath (i.e., from early Friday evenings to late Saturday evenings as well as certain Jewish holidays).

Rail

Platform 1 of the airport train station at Terminal 3

Israel Railways operates the Ben Gurion Airport Railway Station, located in the lower level of Terminal 3. From this station passengers may head north-west to Tel Aviv, Haifa and other destinations in the north, or south-east to Modi'in and Jerusalem. The journey to Tel Aviv Savidor Central railway station takes about 18 minutes and to Jerusalem's Navon station about 25 minutes. There is also late night/early morning train service to and from the airport terminating at Beersheba Center via Lod, Ashkelon and selected destinations in between. Almost 3.3 million passengers used the railway line to and from the airport in 2009. The service does not operate on Shabbat and Jewish holidays but on all other days it runs day and night. The line to Nahariya through Tel Aviv and Haifa operates 24 hours a day on weekdays.

Bus or taxi

The airport is served by regular inter-city bus lines, limousine and private shuttle services, Sherut "shared" door to door taxi vans and regular taxis.[101] Afikim bus company provides 24 hours a day, on the hour, direct service to Jerusalem with line 485. the line departs from Terminal 3 on the 2nd floor and passes through Terminal 1.[102] Egged bus number 5 ferries passengers between the terminals and a small bus terminal in the nearby Airport City business park near El Al junction just outside the airport where they can connect to regular Egged bus routes passing through the area. Passengers connecting at Airport City can pay for both rides on the same ticket, not having to pay an extra fare for bus No. 5. Other bus companies directly serve Terminal 3, and the airport also provides a free shuttle bus between terminals.[103] On Shabbat, when there is no train service, a shared shuttle service is available between the airport and Tel Aviv hotels.[104]

Car

Located on Highway 1, the Jerusalem – Tel Aviv highway, the airport has a total of approximately 20,000 parking spaces for short and long-term parking.[105] The spaces for long-term parking are situated several kilometres from the terminal, and are reached by a free shuttle bus.[106] Car rental at the airport is available from Avis, Budget, Eldan, Tamir Rental,[107] Thrifty, Hertz and Shlomo Sixt.[108]

Service quality

Passenger rankings

In December 2006, Ben Gurion International Airport ranked first among 40 European airports and 8th out of 77 airports in the world, in a survey, conducted by Airports Council International, to determine the most customer-friendly airport. Tel Aviv placed second in the grouping of airports which carry between 5 and 15 million passengers per year behind Japan's Nagoya Airport. The survey consisted of 34 questions. A random sampling of 350 passengers at the departure gate were asked how satisfied they were with the service, infrastructure and facilities. Ben Gurion received a rating of 3.94 out of 5, followed by Vienna, Munich, Amsterdam, Brussels, Zürich, Copenhagen and Helsinki. The airport retained its title as the best Middle Eastern airport in the 2007, 2008 and 2009 surveys.[109][110]

Awards

YearAwardCategoryResultsRef
2007Airport Service Quality Awards
by Airports Council International
Best Airport in Middle EastWon[111]
Best Airport by Size (5–15 million passengers)2nd
2008Best Airport in Middle EastWon[112][113]
Best Airport by Size (5–15 million passengers)2nd
2009Best Airport in Middle EastWon[114]
20103rd[115]
20113rd[116]
20124th[117]
20134th[118]
20143rd[119]
20153rd (tie)[120]

References

  1. "Jerusalem's new high-speed train starts regular trips to Ben Gurion Airport". The Times of Israel. 25 September 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  2. "IAA Periodic Activity Reports for Ben Gurion Airport" (PDF). IAA Website. Israel Airports Authority. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  3. "Official airport statistics for Ben Gurion Airport". IAA. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  4. "AD 2.5 TEL-AVIV / BEN-GURION – LLBG". Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  5. "ASQ Awards". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  6. Dempsey, John S. (23 March 2010). Introduction to Private Security. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0495809852.
  7. The Christian Science Monitor (22 July 2014). "The importance of Ben Gurion airport to Israel". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  8. Lewis, Ori (21 January 2019). "Israel opens new international airport, named for astronaut Ramon, near Red Sea". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  9. Choi, Joseph (24 January 2021). "Israel to close its only major airport in bid to slow coronavirus spread". TheHill. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  10. https://www.israelairlinemuseum.org/el-al-israels-flying-star/chapter-1-from-flying-camels-to-flying-stars-israel-reborn/
  11. Harro Ranter. "Lydda Airport profile - Aviation Safety Network". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  12. "Ben Gurion Airport- The 40s". Israel Airports Authority. Retrieved 29 April 2007.
  13. Sontag, Deborah (20 April 1999). "2 Who Share a Past Are Rivals for Israel's Future". The New York Times. pp. Section A, Page 3, Column 1.
  14. "1972: Japanese kill 26 at Tel Aviv airport". BBC.co.uk. 29 May 1972. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  15. Lewis, Paul (21 May 1985). "Israel frees 1,150 to obtain release of last 3 soldiers". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 April 2007.
  16. "Ben Gurion". History Central. Archived from the original on 30 March 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2007.
  17. "FAA lifts ban on US flights to Tel Aviv airport". Yahoo News. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  18. Melnitcki, Gili. (4 January 2017). "Next Stop Hawaii: Sheldon Adelson sets Record With 18-hour Flight From Israel" Retrieved 15 January 2017 Haaretz website
  19. Israel: Ramon Airport (ETM) in Eilat set to open gradually from January 22
  20. "Ben Gurion Airport". HistoryCentral. Archived from the original on 30 March 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  21. "Principles of Architectural Planning". IAA. Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
  22. "Israel Airports Authority to Build a Special Terminal for Executive and Private Flights at Ben Gurion Airport". Israel Airports Authority. 21 February 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  23. "Terminal for private flights to be built at airport". The Jerusalem Post. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  24. "End of an Era – The Historic Terminal 1 has Re-opened, Serving Passengers on Domestic Flights". Israel Airports Authority. 20 February 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  25. "Ben-Gurion's old terminal reopens for summer charters". Jerusalem Post. 2 July 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
  26. "Operating International Flights from Terminal 1 at Ben Gurion Int'l Airport" (PDF). Israel Airports Authority. 10 February 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  27. Rosenberg-Kandel, Rina (27 November 2019). "6 מיליארד שקל לתוכנית הפיתוח של נתב"ג לשלוש השנים הקרובות" [ILS Six Billion for the Ben Gurion Airport Expansion Plan in the Next Three Years] (in Hebrew). Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  28. "Address by PM Sharon at inauguration of Ben Gurion Airport 2000". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
  29. "Ben Gurion International Airport, Terminal 3". Architectural Record. October 2005.
  30. "Ben Gurion International Airport International Terminal". Archived from the original on 16 May 2010. SOM.com Project Page
  31. "Ben Gurion International Airport International Terminal". Moshe Safdie & Associates Project Page
  32. "Facts and Figures". Israel Airports Authority. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
  33. "Check-In Hall". Israel Airports Authority. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  34. "Muslim prayer room set up at Ben-Gurion Airport". Ynet. 21 December 2006. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
  35. "Tel Aviv – Ben Gurion Airport (TLV) Information". Essential Travel. Archived from the original on 21 April 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2007.
  36. Blumenthal, Itay (15 February 2018). "נתב"ג מתרחב: נחנכה הזרוע הרביעית" [Ben Gurion Airport Expands: Fourth Concourse Inaugurated]. Ynet. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  37. IAA TLV Free Airport WiFi Flyer Archived 14 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
  38. "Free Wi-Fi in Airports". Archived from the original on 29 April 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
  39. "A BOT tender to be published for Ben Gurion hotel". PORT2PORT- Israel's Trade Portal. 15 January 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  40. "Ben Gurion Airoport – The 60s (IE browser required)". Israel Airports Authority. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
  41. Strongin, Michael (30 April 2003). "Ministry begins checking for SARS at Ben-Gurion". The Jerusalem Post. p. 3.
  42. "Israel Airports Authority to build private plane terminal at Ben Gurion Airport". port2port.co.il. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  43. "Location & Transportation Archived 3 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine." Airport City. Retrieved on 1 January 2012.
  44. Orme, William A. Jr. "El Al at a Turning Point; A Mirror of Israel's Divisions Prepares to Go 49% Public." The New York Times. 5 March 1999. C1, New York Edition. 1. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
  45. "IAA Head Office." Israel Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  46. "CAA Relocates to Airport City office park". Civil Aviation Authority. 2 August 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  47. "Contact Information." CAL Cargo Air Lines. Retrieved on 1 January 2012. "Contact Information Headquarters C.A.L. Cargo Airlines 1 Hayarden Street, Airport City P.O.B. 271 Ben Gurion Airport 70100, Israel"
  48. "IAI Head Office". Israel Aerospace Industries.
  49. "Ben Gurion Airport". World Aero Data. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
  50. "Renovation of Runway 26-08 Completed; Became Operative on Sunday, February 26". Israel Airports Authority. 7 March 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  51. Peretz-Zilberman, Sapir (29 May 2014). "New Ben Gurion airport runways inaugurated". Globes English. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  52. Jacoby, Jeff (23 August 2006). "What Israeli security could teach us". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
  53. Beyer, Lisa (24 September 2001). "Is This What We Really Want?". TIME. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
  54. "What can we learn from Ben Gurion Airport in Israel to help push aviation security in the U.S. to the next level?". Access Control & Security Systems. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
  55. Blumenkrantz, Zohar (7 August 2007). "Color tags discontinued". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  56. Prada, Paulo; Michaels, Daniel (17 September 2001). "Israel airport is safe but hard to emulate". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
  57. "Full List of Flights to Ben Gurion Airport, Tel Aviv, Israel". 27 July 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  58. Liu, Jim (10 January 2020). "Turkish Airlines files selected service transition to AnadoluJet in S20". Routesonline. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  59. "flydubai becomes THIRD airline on brand-new Tel Aviv to Dubai". anna.aero. 5 November 2020.
  60. https://onemileatatime.com/american-airlines-new-york-to-tel-aviv-flight/
  61. "American returnes to Israel". ch-IAS. 21 January 2021.
  62. https://booking.bluebirdair.com/
  63. Liu, Jim (27 January 2020). "Corendon Airlines S20 Network expansion". routesonline.com.
  64. https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/291653/el-al-202021-network-modification-as-of-04jun20/?highlight=El%20Al
  65. https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN283269
  66. https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/295129/50-new-routes-being-launched-in-february-2021/
  67. https://in.mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN2861UF
  68. "Emirates To Launch Israel Flights In February 2021". onemileatatime.com. 4 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  69. "Etihad officially announces flights to Israel". www.ynet.co.il. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  70. "flydubai to Tel Aviv". news.flydubai.com. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  71. "Moldova's FlyOne to enter Asia with Tel Aviv flights". ch-aviation.com. 6 January 2020.
  72. "Official: Gulf Air starts Israel flights January 7". passportnews.co.il.
  73. "Israir Announces: Direct Flights to Bahrain". ynet.co.il.
  74. https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israir-launches-flights-to-low-infection-rwanda-1001348168
  75. Liu, Jim (5 February 2020). "Israir adds Palma Mallorca seasonal service in S20". Routesonline. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  76. Liu, Jim (21 January 2020). "Israir schedules new Eastern Europe routes in S20". Routesonline.
  77. Liu, Jim (2 January 2020). "Israir adds Zurich service in S20". Routesonline.
  78. https://www.israelhayom.co.il/article/731307
  79. Liu, Jim. "Pegasus adds Izmir – Tel Aviv service from June 2020". Routesonline. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  80. https://fr.le360.ma/economie/info360-maroc-israel-lancement-des-vols-commerciaux-ram-vers-tel-aviv-le-16-janvier-prochain-230256
  81. https://www.ryanair.com/cy/en/timetable
  82. https://corporate.ryanair.com/news/ryanair-announces-new-base-at-venice-treviso-2-based-aircraft-200m-investment-and-18-new-routes/
  83. sundor.co.il - Select flight details retrieved 18 October 2020
  84. Liu, Jim. "SunExpress S21 network additions as of 11OCT20". Routesonline. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
  85. https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/291544/tap-air-portugal-june-august-2020-operations-as-of-31may20/
  86. https://www.flyuia.com/us/en/news/2020/uia-cancels-two-regional-destinations-with-israel
  87. Lui, Jim. "United expands Chicago long-haul routes from Sep 2020". Routesonline. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  88. https://hub.united.com/2020-09-09-united-airlines-strengthens-global-network-adding-new-nonstops-to-africa-india-and-hawaii-2647535777.html
  89. https://wizzair.com/en-gb/flights/timetable#/
  90. https://wizzair.com/#/
  91. https://www.hermesairports.com/corporate/press-office/media-releases/wizz-air-adds-3-destinations-to-its-larnaka-network
  92. cal-cargo.com - Network retrieved 17 November 2019
  93. https://twitter.com/CALCargoAir/status/1303976514141249536
  94. https://www.port2port.co.il/article/eCommerce/שירותי-בלדרות-ודואר/מנכ%D7%B4ל-DHL-ישראל-שירות-NEXT-DAY-מסייע-ליצואנים-הישראלים
  95. aircargonew.net retrieved 7 January 2020
  96. https://www.aircargonews.net/airlines/el-al-provides-update-on-cargo-operations/
  97. KirubelS. "Cargo Schedule - Ethiopian Airlines". EthiopianAirlines.com. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  98. https://monthlyreport.iaa.gov.il/OpenPdf.aspx?lang=eng&val=202013
  99. "Tel Aviv airport to make way for luxury project". Archived from the original on 5 July 2007. Retrieved 3 July 2007.
  100. https://monthlyreport.iaa.gov.il/OpenPdf.aspx?lang=eng&val=202013
  101. "Guidelines for Taxi Passengers". Israel Airports Authority. Archived from the original on 17 November 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
  102. "The resource cannot be found". Ministry of Transport. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  103. "Public Transportation". Israel Airports Authority. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
  104. "Shuttle from Ben Gurion Airport to Tel Aviv". withflo.com. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  105. https://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3776021,00.html
  106. "Parking Lots". Israel Airports Authority. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
  107. "Car Rental Tel Aviv Airport". Tamir Rental. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  108. "Car Rental in Ben Gurion Airport-up to 15% discount-Shlomo Sixt". en.shlomo.co.il. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  109. Krawitz, Avi (18 December 2006). "Ben Gurion ranks first in airport survey". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
  110. "Ben Gurion Airport ranks best in Mideast". Ynetnews. 26 February 2008. Archived from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
  111. "Airport Service Quality (ASQ)" Airports Council International. Retrieved 28 April 2015
  112. "ASQ Award for winners for 2008" Airports Council International. Retrieved 13 April 2012
  113. "Tel Aviv's Ben Gurion named top Middle East airport". Globes. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  114. "ASQ Award for winners for 2009" Airports Council International. Retrieved 13 April 2012
  115. "ASQ Award for winners for 2010" Airports Council International. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012
  116. "ASQ Award for Best Airport in Middle East" Airports Council International. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012
  117. "Airport Service Quality (ASQ)" Airports Council International. Retrieved 28 April 2015
  118. "Airport Service Quality (ASQ)" Airports Council International. Retrieved 28 April 2015
  119. "Airport Service Quality (ASQ)" Airports Council International. Retrieved 11 December 2017
  120. "Airport Service Quality (ASQ)" Airports Council International. Retrieved 11 December 2017

Ben Gurion International Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage
Media related to Ben Gurion International Airport at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.