Chinali language
Chinali (natively called Chinalbhashe, Takri: 𑚏𑚮𑚝𑚥𑚯 or 𑚏𑚮𑚝𑚥𑚡𑚭𑚋𑚲) is an unclassified language of India. Many speakers are well educated,.[1] Speakers are distributed throughout Lahul (or Lahaul) Valley.[2]
| Chinali | |
|---|---|
| 𑚏𑚮𑚝𑚥𑚡𑚭𑚋𑚲 Chinalbhashe | |
| Native to | Himachal Pradesh |
| Region | Chandra and Chandrabhaga Valley |
| Ethnicity | Chinali |
Native speakers | 1000 (2016)[1] |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cih |
| Glottolog | chin1475 |
It is spoken by around 750+ people.[3]
Scripts
The language has been strictly oral. Devanagari script is used for modern times. Takri script is speculated to be a native script.
Phonology
| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Retroflex | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ɳ | ŋ | |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | ʈ | k | |
| aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | ||
| voiced | b | d̪ | ɖ | ɡ | ||
| breathy | bʱ | d̪ʱ | ɖʱ | ɡʱ | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||
| aspirated | t͡sʰ | t͡ʃʰ | ||||
| voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ||||
| breathy | d͡ʒʱ | |||||
| Semi vowels | w | |||||
| Spirants | unvoiced | s | ʃ | ʂ | x | |
| voiced | z | ɦ | ||||
| Vibrant | r | ɽ | ||||
| Lateral | l | ɭ | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Near-close/high | ī | ū | |
| mid higher | ɛ ɛː | ɔ | |
| Near-open | ɐ ɐː ɐ̃ː | a aː |
References
- Chinali at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- "Indo-Aryan Languages", "International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Vol. 1" edited by W. J. Frawley.
- "Chinali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2017-11-03.
- A Descriptive Grammar & Vocabulary of Chinali, Dr. D.D. Sharma
External links
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