Mandeali

Mandeali (Takri: 𑚢𑚘𑚶𑚖𑚮𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯) is a language spoken in northern India, predominantly in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh by the people of the Mandi Valley and particularly in the major city of Mandi. Other spellings for the name are Mandiyali and Mandiali. UNESCO reports it is one of the highly endangered languages of India.[1] Speakers of the dialect have decreased by 21% from 1961 to 2001.

Mandeali
maṇḍiyālī
𑚢𑚘𑚶𑚖𑚮𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯, मण्डियाली
Mandeali written in Takri Script
Native toIndia
RegionHimachal Pradesh
EthnicityMandyali People
Devanagari
Takri
Language codes
ISO 639-3
mjl – Mandeali
Glottologmand1409  Mandeali

The language is closely related to Kangri dialect, which is spoken widely in the district. The Chambealic varieties are often considered separate languages, but at least some are 90–95% intelligible with Mandeali proper.[2]

Dialects

Preliminary survey suggests speakers have functional intelligibility of Kangri. People in southeast Mandi district may have more difficulty understanding Kangri. Standard Mandeali is spoken throughout the broad valley running north and south from Jogindernagar to Sundarnagar. Mandeali Pahari is spoken north around Barot, east of Uhl River. Intelligible with difficulty to standard Mandeali. May be intermediate variety between Mandeali and Kullui. Southeast district contains transition to Mahasui. In the west, Sarkaghat is also a bit different from standard Mandeali, perhaps forming a transition towards Hamirpur and Bilaspur areas. Lexical similarity: 89% with Palampuri dialect of Kangri, 83% with Chambeali.[3]

Script

The native script of the language is a variety of Takri.

Specimen in Mandeali language

Status

The language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali. Some speaker may even call it a dialect of Punjabi or Dogri. The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Mandeali children are not learning Mandeali as their mother tongue any longer.[4]

The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.[5] There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are taking upto themselves to save the language and demanding it.[6] Due to political interest, the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi,[7] even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it and having a higher mutual intelligibility with other recognised languages like Dogri.

References
  1. "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". Unesco.org. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  2. Mandeali at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  3. http://www.ethnologue.com/language/mjl
  4. "Endangered languages".
  5. "Pahari Inclusion". Zee News.
  6. "Pahari Inclusion". The Statesman.
  7. "Indian Language Census" (PDF).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.