Consular missions in Hong Kong
There are 123 diplomatic missions in Hong Kong, of which 62 are consulates-general and 61 are consulates (including those represented by honorary consuls) and six officially recognised bodies in Hong Kong.[1] As Hong Kong has the status of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, some consuls-general in Hong Kong report directly to their respective foreign ministries, rather than to their Embassies in Beijing.
Most of the consulates-general are located in the areas of Central, Admiralty, Wan Chai, Wan Chai North, Causeway Bay and Sheung Wan within Victoria City. Only two are located in Kowloon (Cambodia and Nepal), in the areas of Tsim Sha Tsui and Tsim Sha Tsui East respectively.
Of these, 55 consulates-general and seven honorary consulates are also accredited to Macau. There are 10 honorary consulates in Macau, of which two are subordinate to the consulates-general in Hong Kong.[2]
Special status of Hong Kong
Hong Kong has the status of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, and some consuls-general in Hong Kong have the rank of Ambassador, including:
Other consuls-general have served elsewhere as Ambassadors or High Commissioners before serving in Hong Kong, for example:
Thomas Gnocchi, the current Head of the Office of the European Union to Hong Kong and Macao, also serves as the Deputy Head of the EEAS Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Division.[10]
Another feature of some consuls-general in Hong Kong is that they report directly to their respective foreign ministries, rather than to their Embassies in Beijing, such as those of the following countries:
- Consulate General of Canada in Hong Kong and Macao[11]
- British Consulate-General, Hong Kong[12]
- Consulate General of the United States, Hong Kong and Macau[13]
Various consulates general are accredited to both Hong Kong and Macau. Angola and the Philippines operate consulates in both territories, and Portugal serves Hong Kong through its Macau consulate. Several consulates serving both Hong Kong and Macau indicate both territories in their official names, while others do not. In 2018 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China requested that consulates indicate only one of the territories in their official names even if they serve both territories; it did not send this request to the European Union Office to Hong Kong and Macao.[14]
History
When Hong Kong was under British rule, the Governor represented the British government, as well as the British monarch as head of state. Matters relating to British nationality were handled by the Hong Kong Immigration Department.[15]
However, the United Kingdom's commercial interests were represented by the British Trade Commission.[16] The last Senior Trade Commissioner, Francis Cornish, became the first British Consul-General following the transfer of sovereignty to China, on July 1, 1997.[17]
During the negotiations between Britain and China on the future of Hong Kong, the British proposed the establishment of a "British Commissioner" following the transfer of sovereignty to China, which the Chinese rejected as an attempt to make the future Hong Kong Special Administrative Region into a member or associated member of the Commonwealth.[18]
As Hong Kong was a Colony (later Dependent Territory) of a Commonwealth country, some Commonwealth countries were represented by Commissions before the handover including:
- Australia[19]
- Bangladesh[20]
- Canada[21]
- New Zealand[22]
- India[23]
- Malaysia[24]
- Nigeria[25]
- Singapore[26]
After the transfer of sovereignty, they were renamed Consulates-General.[27] Similarly, the title of the head of mission was also changed, from Commissioner to Consul-General.[28] However, the Australian Commission had been renamed the Consulate-General in 1986.[29]
Although South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth in 1994, and its Embassies in Commonwealth countries were renamed High Commissions, the name of the South African Consulate General in Hong Kong remained unchanged.[30] Similarly, while Pakistan had rejoined the Commonwealth in 1989, the name of the Pakistan Consulate General in Hong Hong also remained unchanged.[31]
At the time of the transfer of sovereignty, South Africa did not have diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, as it had not yet transferred recognition from Taiwan.[32] However, it was able to maintain its Consulate-General for an interim six-month period, until relations with Beijing were established on January 1, 1998.[33]
Other countries which had chosen to maintain diplomatic relations with Taipei closed their consulates in Hong Kong prior to the transfer of sovereignty, such as Paraguay, which closed its consulate on May 11, 1997.[34] Earlier, it had considered relocating to Macau, which was then still under Portuguese administration.[35] The Central African Republic, Costa Rica, and the Dominican Republic also closed their consulates, while Liberia, with which China had broken off diplomatic relations in September 1997, was forced to close its consulate a month later.[36] However, it later restored diplomatic relations with Beijing in 2003.[37]
As a result of the transfer of sovereignty, North Korea, which had not been allowed to establish a trade mission in Hong Kong during British rule, was able to open a Consulate-General in February 2000.[38] Similarly, Iran was also able to re-establish its Consulate-General, giving rise to concerns that the country could gain access to arms smuggled through Hong Kong, a free port.[39] This had been closed by the British Government in 1989 following the Rushdie Affair.[40]
Bhutan, which did not have diplomatic relations with either Beijing or Taipei at the time of the transfer of sovereignty, was able to maintain an honorary consulate in Hong Kong, accredited to Macau.[41]
Consular posts
- A
Albania – Consulate‡[42]
Angola – Consulate General[43]
Argentina – Consulate General[44]†.svg.png.webp)
Australia – Consulate General†[45]
Austria – Consulate General†[46]
- B
Bahrain – Consulate‡[47]
Bangladesh – Consulate General†[48]
Barbados – Consulate‡[49].svg.png.webp)
Belgium – Consulate General†[50]
Benin – Consulate‡
Bhutan – Consulate‡[51] (Bhutan and the People's Republic of China have no diplomatic relations)[52]
Botswana – Consulate‡[53]
Brazil – Consulate General†[54]
Brunei – Consulate General[55]
Burundi – Consulate‡[56]
- C
Cambodia – Consulate General†[57]
Cameroon – Consulate‡.svg.png.webp)
Canada – Consulate General†[58]
Chile – Consulate General†[59]
Colombia – Consulate General†[60]
Congo – Consulate‡
Croatia – Consulate‡
Cuba – Consulate‡
Cyprus – Consulate‡[61]
Czech Republic – Consulate General†[62]
- D
- E
Egypt – Consulate General†[64]
Equatorial Guinea – Consulate‡[65]
Eritrea – Consulate‡[66]
Estonia – Consulate‡[67]
Ethiopia – Consulate‡†[68]
- F
- G
Germany – Consulate General†[72]
Greece – Consulate General†[73]
Grenada – Consulate†[74]
Guinea – Consulate‡
- H
- I
Iceland – Consulate‡
India – Consulate General†[76]
Indonesia – Consulate General†[77]
Iran – Consulate General†[78]
Ireland – Consulate General†[79]
Israel – Consulate General†[80]
Italy – Consulate General†[81]
Ivory Coast – Consulate‡
- J
- K
Kazakhstan – Consulate General†[84]
Kenya – Consulate‡†[85]
North Korea – Consulate General[86]
South Korea – Consulate General†[87]
Kuwait – Consulate[88]
- L
Laos – Consulate General†[89]
Latvia – Consulate‡[90]
Lesotho – Consulate‡[91]
Liechtenstein – Consulate‡[92]
Lithuania – Consulate‡[93]
Luxembourg – Consulate‡
- M
Madagascar – Consulate‡[94]
Malaysia – Consulate General†[95]
Maldives – Consulate‡[96]
Mali – Consulate‡
Malta – Consulate‡
Mauritius – Consulate‡[97]
Mexico – Consulate General†[98]
Micronesia – Consulate‡[99]
Monaco – Consulate‡[100]
Mongolia – Consulate General‡[101]
Morocco – Consulate‡
Mozambique – Consulate‡[102]
Myanmar – Consulate General †[103]
- N
Namibia – Consulate‡†[104]
Nepal – Consulate General†[105]
Netherlands – Consulate General†[106]
New Zealand – Consulate General†[107]
Niger – Consulate‡[108]
Nigeria – Consulate General†[109]
Norway – Consulate‡[110]†
- O
- P
Pakistan – Consulate General†[112]
Panama – Consulate General
Papua New Guinea – Consulate‡
Peru – Consulate General†[113]
Philippines – Consulate General[114]
Poland – Consulate General†[115]
Portugal – Consulate‡ (subordinate to the Consulate General in Macau)
- Q
- R
- S
Samoa – Consulate‡[119]
San Marino – Consulate‡[120]
Saudi Arabia – Consulate General†[121]
Seychelles – Consulate‡[122]
Singapore – Consulate General†[123]
Slovakia – Consulate‡
Slovenia – Honorary Consulate‡
South Africa – Consulate General[124]†
Spain – Consulate General†[125]
Sri Lanka – Consulate‡*
Sudan – Consulate‡
Suriname – Consulate‡
Sweden – Consulate General†[126]
Switzerland – Consulate General†[127]
- T
Tanzania – Consulate‡*
Thailand – Consulate General†[128]
Tonga – Consulate‡
Trinidad and Tobago – Consulate‡
Tunisia – Consulate‡
Turkey – Consulate General†[129]
- U
Uganda – Consulate‡
United Arab Emirates – Consulate General
United Kingdom – Consulate-General[130]†
United States – Consulate General†[131]
Uruguay – Consulate‡†[132]
- V
Vanuatu – Consulate General[133]
Venezuela – Consulate General†[134]
Vietnam – Consulate General†[135]
- Y
- Z
*. Also accredited to Macau.
‡. Honorary Consulates.
Missions of recognised bodies
- Bank for International Settlements – Representative Office for Asia and the Pacific
- European Union – Office of the European Commission *[138]
- Hague Conference on Private International Law – Asia Pacific Regional Office
- The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and The International Finance Corporation – IFC Regional Office for East Asia and Pacific and the World Bank Private Sector Development Office for East Asia and Pacific
- International Monetary Fund – Hong Kong SAR Sub-Office
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees – Sub-Office
*. Also accredited to Macau.
Former missions
Bahamas (Honorary Consulate until 2003)[139]- Benin (Honorary Consulate until 2007)[140]
Cape Verde (Consulate-General until 2000)[141]
Central African Republic (Honorary Consulate until 2006)[142]
Democratic Republic of the Congo (Honorary Consulate until 2009)[143]
Denmark (Consulate-General until 2012).[144]
Gabon (Honorary Consulate until 2016)[145]
Ghana (Honorary Consulate until 2013)[146]
Kiribati (Honorary Consulate until 2003)[147]
Togo (Honorary Consulate until 2014)[148]
Ukraine (Honorary Consulate until 2007)[149]
Norway maintained a Consulate General until 2003, and Honorary Consulate until 2004[150][151] but reopened its Consulate in 2008.[152]
The following countries, which recognise Taiwan as the Republic of China, previously had consulates in Hong Kong before 1997.
Belize[153]
Guatemala[154]
Honduras[30]
Nauru[153]
Nicaragua[155]
Paraguay[34]
Saint Lucia[153]
Tuvalu[155]
Paraguay is currently accredited to Hong Kong and Macau through its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. [156]
The following countries, which no longer have diplomatic relations with Taiwan, previously had consulates in Hong Kong under British rule:
Countries without missions
The following countries, which have diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, do not presently have representation in Hong Kong, but have proposed establishing consulates:
The following countries, which have diplomatic relations with Taiwan, do not have consulates in Hong Kong:
Relations with Mainland China
The Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is the representative office of the central government of the People's Republic of China in Hong Kong. It was established in May 1947 as Xinhua News Agency and renamed on 18 January 2000.
Relations with Taiwan
The Taipei Economic and Cultural Office, previously named Chung Hwa Travel Service, is a de facto mission of the Republic of China in Hong Kong.[169] The relationship between the two entities is managed through the Hong Kong-Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council (ECCPC) and Taiwan-Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council (ECCC).
See also
References
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- Taiwan loses a major ally, BBC News, December 30, 1997
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- "Consulate General of the Republic of Angola in Hong Kong". Archived from the original on December 17, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
- Consulado General de la Republica Argentina en Hong Kong
- Australian Consulate-General Hong Kong
- Österreichische Generalkonsulat Hongkong
- Honorary Consulate of the Kingdom of Bahrain in HKSAR
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- Consulate-General of Belgium in Hong Kong and Macau
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- Royal Consulate General of Cambodia, Hong Kong, P.R China
- Consulate General of Canada in Hong Kong and Macao
- "Consulado General de Chile en Hong Kong". Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
- Consulado de Colombia en Hong Kong
- "Honorary Consul of the Republic of Cyprus at Hong Kong". Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
- Consulate General of the Czech Republic in Hong Kong
- Djibouti – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Consulate General of the Arab Republic of Egypt to Hong Kong Archived April 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- Equatorial Guinea – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Eritrea – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
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- Ethiopia – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Fiji – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Consulate General of Finland in Hong Kong
- Consulat Général de France à Hong Kong et Macao
- German Consulate General, Hong Kong
- Consulate General in Hong Kong - Hellenic Republic
- Grenada Honorary Consulate in Hong Kong
- Consulate General of Hungary in Hong Kong and Macao Archived April 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- Consulate General of India in Hong Kong
- Konsulat Jenderal Republik Indonesia di Hong Kong
- Consulate General of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Hong Kong
- Irish Consulate General Hong Kong
- Consulate General of Israel in Hong Kong and Macau
- Consolato generale d'Italia a Hong Kong
- Consulate-General of Japan in Hong Kong
- The Honorary Consulate of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Hong Kong SAR
- Consulate General of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Hong Kong and Macau Archived June 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- Kenya – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Democratic People's Republic of Korea – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
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- "Consulate of Kuwait - Hong Kong". Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
- Consulate General of the Lao PDR
- Honorary Consuls - Embassy of the Republic of Latvia in the People's Republic of China
- Lesotho – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Liechtenstein – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Lithuania – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
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- "Consulate General of Malaysia in Hong Kong". Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
- Consulate of Maldives in Hong Kong
- Mauritius – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Consulate General of Mexico in Hong Kong and Macao
- Micronesia – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Monaco – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Mongolia – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
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- Consulate of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Hong Kong and Macau SAR
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- New Zealand Consulate-General, Wanchai, Hong Kong
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- Consulate General of Nigeria Hong Kong
- "Royal Norwegian Consulate in Hong Kong". Archived from the original on March 10, 2017. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
- Oman – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- "Consulate General of Pakistan in Hong Kong". Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
- Consul de Perú en Hong Kong Archived November 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
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- Konsulat Generalny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Hongkongu Archived April 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
- Consulate General of The State of Qatar in Hong Kong
- CONSULATUL GENERAL AL ROMÂNIEI în R.A.S. Hong Kong şi R.A.S Macao
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- San Marino – Protocol Division Government Secretariat – Consular Posts and Officially Recognised Representatives
- Royal Consulate General of Saudi Arabia
- Consulate of the Republic of Seychelles in Hong Kong & Macau
- Consulate-General of the Republic of Singapore in Hong Kong
- South African Consulate-General
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- Royal Thai Consulate-General
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- Foreign Embassies > the Republic of Palau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)
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- St. Vincent considering options for embassy in Taiwan, iWitness News, June 8, 2015
- Is name change a game changer?, Taipei Times, July 17, 2011
External links
- 125 diplomatic missions in Hong Kong
- (in English and Chinese) Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the Government of the Hong Kong SAR
List of diplomatic missions in Asia | |
|---|---|
| Sovereign states |
|
| States with limited recognition |
|
| Dependencies and other territories | |
| |
See also: Diplomatic missions in China | |
| Asia and Pacific | |
| Europe | |
| America | |
