ERG5

ERG5 or Sterol 22-desaturase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway of fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast, a model organism), with the CYP Symbol CYP61A1.[1] CYP61A1 is one of only three P450 enzyme found in baker's yeast, the other two are CYP51F1 and CYP56A1.[2] The ortholog in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast, the second sequenced model fungi), was named CYP61A3 for historical reasons, and is only one of two P450 enzyme found with CYP51F1.[3] ERG5 catalyzes the C22-C23 double bond formation on the sterol side chain of ergostatrienol to convert it into ergostatetraenol, then the C24 double bond of ergostatetrenol will be hydrogenation reduced into ergosterol by ERG4.[4]

Sterol 22-desaturase
Identifiers
OrganismSaccharomyces cerevisiae S288c
SymbolERG5
Alt. symbolsCYP61A1
Entrez855029
HomoloGene20212
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_001182511.1
RefSeq (Prot)NP_013728.1
UniProtP54781
Other data
EC number1.14.19.41
ChromosomeXIII: 0.3 - 0.3 Mb

Ortholog

Most fungi have only one CYP61 gene, and CYP61 global distributed in fungi.[5][6] There are some of the ortholog found in early genome sequenced organism:[7]

CYP symbol Species UniProt/EMBL
CYP61A1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae P54781
CYP61A2 Candida albicans A0A1B3B2L4
CYP61A3 Schizosaccharomyces pombe O13820
CYP61A4 Botrytis cinerea AL111744
CYP61A5 Neurospora crassa

References
  1. Ghaemmaghami S, Huh WK, Bower K, Howson RW, Belle A, Dephoure N, et al. (October 2003). "Global analysis of protein expression in yeast". Nature. 425 (6959): 737–41. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..737G. doi:10.1038/nature02046. PMID 14562106. S2CID 4344864.
  2. Nelson DR (January 2018). "Cytochrome P450 diversity in the tree of life". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 1866 (1): 141–154. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.05.003. PMC 5681887. PMID 28502748.
  3. Wilhelm BT, Marguerat S, Watt S, Schubert F, Wood V, Goodhead I, et al. (June 2008). "Dynamic repertoire of a eukaryotic transcriptome surveyed at single-nucleotide resolution". Nature. 453 (7199): 1239–43. Bibcode:2008Natur.453.1239W. doi:10.1038/nature07002. PMID 18488015. S2CID 205213499.
  4. Kelly SL, Lamb DC, Baldwin BC, Corran AJ, Kelly DE (April 1997). "Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYP61, sterol delta22-desaturase, and inhibition by azole antifungal agents". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (15): 9986–8. doi:10.1074/JBC.272.15.9986. PMID 9092539.
  5. Chen W, Lee MK, Jefcoate C, Kim SC, Chen F, Yu JH (June 2014). "Fungal cytochrome p450 monooxygenases: their distribution, structure, functions, family expansion, and evolutionary origin". Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (7): 1620–34. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu132. PMC 4122930. PMID 24966179.
  6. Moktali V, Park J, Fedorova-Abrams ND, Park B, Choi J, Lee YH, Kang S (October 2012). "Systematic and searchable classification of cytochrome P450 proteins encoded by fungal and oomycete genomes". BMC Genomics. 13: 525. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-525. PMC 3505482. PMID 23033934.
  7. Nelson DR (25 March 1999). "Note on P450 evolution in yeasts and early eukaryotes". The Cytochrome P450 Homepage. The University of Tennessee Health Science Center. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-4-1-59. Archived from the original on 25 October 2015.


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