Friasian

The Friasian age is a period of geologic time (16.3–15.5 Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification of South America. It follows the Santacrucian and precedes the Colloncuran age.[1]

Etymology

The age is named after the Río Frías Formation in the Aysén Basin, Patagonia, Chile.

Formations
Locations of Friasian formations
Formation
bold is type		 Country Basin Notes
Río Frías Formation ChileAysén Basin
[2][3]
Castilletes Formation ColombiaCocinetas Basin
[4]
Cerdas Beds BoliviaAltiplano Basin
[5]
Chilcatay Formation PeruPisco Basin
[6][7]
Cura-Mallín Group ChileCura-Mallín Basin
[8]
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation ArgentinaColorado Basin
[9]
Parángula Formation VenezuelaBarinas-Apure Basin
[10]
Pebas Formation Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru		Amazon Basin
[11][12]
Río Foyel Formation ArgentinaPatagonian Andes
[13][14]
Río Yuca Formation VenezuelaBarinas-Apure Basin
[15]

Fossils
Group Fossils Formation Notes
MammalsAbderites aisenense, A. meridionalis, Alloiomys friasensis, Astrapotherium hesperinum, Borhyaena tuberata, Cladosictis patagonica, Megathericulus friasensis, Microbiotherium tehuelchum, Parabderites bicrispatus, Palaeothentes intermedius, P. lemoinei, P. minutus, Pichipilus halleuxi, Pitheculites rothi, Prothylacinus patagonicus, Prototrigodon rothi, Sipalocyon gracilis, Adinotherium sp., Homalodotherium sp., Neonematherium sp., Nesodon sp., Pachyrukhos sp., Phoenixauchenia sp., ?Propalaehoplophorus sp., Protypotherium sp., Prozaedyus sp., Theosodon sp., Trachytypotherium sp., Platyrrhini indet.Río Frías
[16]
[17][18]
Lycopsis padillai, ?Hyperleptus sp., Astrapotheriidae, Odontoceti, Mysticeti, Glyptodontidae, Pampatheriidae, Macraucheniidae, Proterotheriidae, Leontinidae, Toxodontidae, Interatheriidae, Megatheriidae, Dinomyidae, Sirenia, SparassodontaCastilletes
[19][20]
[21]
Hegetotherium cerdasensis, Juchuysillu arenalesensis, Llullataruca cf. shockeyi, Microtypotherium cf. choquecotense, Protypotherium cf. attenuatum, "Plesiotypotherium" minus, Palyeidodon obtusum, Xyophorus cf. bondesioi, Borhyaenoidea indet., Euphractini indet., Lagostominae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Megatheriinae indet., Mesotheriinae indet., Peltephilidae indet., Uruguaytheriinae indet.Cerdas[22][23]
Adinotherium sp., Peltephilidae indet.Río Yuca
[24]
ReptilesChelus colombiana, Chelonoidis sp., cf. Crocodylus sp., cf. Mourasuchus sp., cf. Purussaurus sp., Alligatoridae indet., Boidae indet., Eusuchia indet., Gavialoidea indet., Podocnemididae indet.Castilletes
[21]
[25][26]
Barinasuchus arveloiParángula
[27]
Purussaurus sp.Río Yuca
[24]
BirdsAves indet.Castilletes
[21]
Palaeospheniscus bergi, Spheniscidae indet.Río Foyel
[28]
FishMegalodon, Characidae, Serrasalmidae, Sciaenidae, Sparidae, Sphyraenidae, Ariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae, Pimelodidae, Carcharhinidae, Hemigaleidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Otodontidae, Dasyatidae, Myliobatidae, Rhinopteridae, Ginglymostomatidae, Pristiophoridae, Pristidae, Rhynchobatidae, Rhynobatidae, LepidosirenidaeCastilletes
[21][29]
Carcharodon hastalisRío Foyel
[28]
Phractocephalus sp., Platysilurus sp.Río Yuca
[24]

References
  1. Paleo Database: Friasian
  2. Marshall, 1990
  3. Marshall & Salinas, 1990
  4. Moreno et al., 2015, p.7
  5. Croft et al., 2016, p.2
  6. De la Cruz, 2008, p.53
  7. Solíz Mundaca, 2018, p.13
  8. Utgé et al., 2009
  9. Reichler, 2010, p.181
  10. Paolillo & Linares, 2007, p.2
  11. Antoine et al., 2016, p.56
  12. Wesselingh et al., 2006, p.304
  13. Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2018, p.442
  14. Acosta Hospitaleche et al., 2013, p.491
  15. Rincón et al., 2016, p.19
  16. Abello & Rubilar, 2012, p.180
  17. Río Frías at Fossilworks.org
  18. Alto Río Cisnes at Fossilworks.org
  19. Suárez et al., 2015, p.4
  20. Amson et al., 2016, p.7
  21. Moreno et al., 2015, p.35
  22. Cerdas in the Paleobiology Database
  23. Cerdas-Atocha in the Paleobiology Database
  24. Rincón et al., 2016, pp.6-10
  25. Moreno Bernal, 2014, pp.7–30
  26. Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, pp.190–196
  27. Quebrada Socó at Fossilworks.org
  28. Cerro Plataforma at Fossilworks.org
  29. Kaitamana at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography
Río Frías Formation
Castilletes Formation
Cerdas Beds
Chilcatay Formation
Cura-Mallín Group
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation
Parángula Formation
Pebas Formation
Río Foyel Formation
  • Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina; Miguel Griffin; Marcos Asensio; Alberto Luis Cione, and Claudia Tambussi. 2013. Middle Cenozoic penguin remains from the Patagonian Cordillera. Andean Geology 40. 490–503. Accessed 2017-10-26.
  • Encinas, Alfonso; Andrés Folguera; Florencia Bechis; Kenneth L. Finger; Patricio Zambrano; Felipe Pérez; Pablo Benarbé; Francisca Tapia, and Ricardo Riffo and Luis Buatois, Darío Orts, Sven N. Nielsen, Victor V. Valencia, José Cituño, Verónica Oliveros, Lizet de Girolamo Del Mauro and Víctor Alberto Ramos. 2018. The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Marine Transgression of Patagonia in The Evolution of the Chilean-Argentinean Andes, 443–474. Springer. Accessed 2018-09-11. ISBN 978-3-319-67774-3
Río Yuca Formation
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