Laventan

The Laventan (Spanish: Laventense) age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age.[1][2]

Etymology

The age is named after the Miocene Lagerstätte La Venta, where a rich biodiversity from the Middle Miocene has been recovered from the Honda Group.[2]

Formations

Locations of Laventan formations
Formation
bold is type
Country Basin Notes
Honda Group ColombiaUpper Magdalena Valley
Honda Group BoliviaQuebrada Honda Basin
Aisol Formation ArgentinaSan Rafael Block
Bahía Inglesa Formation ChileCaldera Basin
Capadare Formation VenezuelaFalcón Basin
Choquecota Formation BoliviaAltiplano Basin
Cura-Mallín Group ChileCura-Mallín Basin
Ipururo Formation PeruUcayali Basin
Paraná Formation ArgentinaParaná Basin
Pebas Formation Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Peru
Amazon Basin
Pisco Formation PeruPisco Basin
Santa Inés Formation VenezuelaEastern Venezuela Basin
Sincelejo Formation ColombiaSinú-San Jacinto Basin
Socorro Formation VenezuelaFalcón Basin
Urumaco Formation VenezuelaFalcón Basin

Fossil content

Group Fossils Formation Notes
Mammalslesser bulldog bat (Noctilio albiventris), LaVal's disk-winged bat (Thyroptera lavali), Spix's disk-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor), Acarechimys minutissimus, Anachlysictis gracilis, Anadasypus hondanus, Aotus dindensis, Boreostemma acostae, B. gigantea, Brievabradys laventensis, Cebupithecia sarmientoi, Dukecynus magnus, Eodolichotis elachys, E. maddeni, Glossotheriopsis pascuali, Granastrapotherium snorki, Hilarcotherium castanedaii, Hondadelphys fieldsi, Hondathentes cazador, Huilabradys magdaleniensis, Huilatherium pluriplicatum, Kiotomops lopezi, Lagonimico conclucatus, Lycopsis longirostrus, Megadolodus molariformis, Micodon kiotensis, Micoureus laventicus, Microscleromys cribiphilus, M. paradoxalis, Microsteiromys jacobsi, Miocallicebus villaviejai, Miocochilius anomopodus, Mohanamico hershkovitzi, Mormopterus colombiensis, Nanoastegotherium prostatum, Neoglyptatelus originalis, Neonematherium flabellatum, Neoreomys huilensis, Neotamandua borealis, Notonycteris magdalenensis, N. sucharadeus, Nuciruptor rubricae, Pachybiotherium minor, Palynephyllum antimaster, Patasola magdalenae, Pedrolypeutes praecursor, Pericotoxodon platignathus, Pithiculites chenche, Potamops mascahehenes, Potamosiren magdalenensis, Prodolichotis guerreroi, P. pridiana, Prolicaphrium sanalfolsensis, Prothoatherium colombianus, Pseudoprepotherium confusum, Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana, R. vucetichae, Ricardomys longidens, Saimiri annectens, S. fieldsi, Scleromys colombianus, S. schurmanni, Scirrotherium hondaensis, Stirtonia tatacoensis, S. victoriae, Thylamys colombianus, Thylamys minutus, Thyroptera robusta, Villarroelia totoyoi, Xenastrapotherium kraglievichi, Cochilius sp., Diclidurus sp., Eumops sp., Hapalops sp., Olenopsis sp., Theosodon sp., ?Steiromys sp., Dolichotinae sp., ?Echimyidae sp., Megalonychidae sp., Megatheriinae sp., Nothrotheriinae sp., Dasypodidae sp., Leontiniidae sp., Proterotheriidae indet., Toxodontidae sp.Honda
Group
Colombia
Acyon myctoderos, Australogale leptognathus, Chimeralestes ambiguus, Guiomys unica, Hapalops angustipalatus, Hemihegetotherium trilobus, Hiskatherium saintandrei, Hondalagus altiplanensis, Lakukullus anatisrostratus, Mesoprocta hypsodus, Miocochilius federicoi, Palaeothentes relictus, P. serratus, Propalaehoplophorus andinus, Quebradahondomys potosiensis, Acarechimys sp., cf. Paratrigodon sp., Prolagostomus sp., cf. Prozaedyus sp., Lagostominae indet., Mesotheriinae indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Caenolestidae indet., Capromyidae indet., Caviidae indet., Chinchillidae indet., Echimyidae indet., Euphractinae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Octodontidae indet., Proterotheriidae indet., ? Xenastrapotherium indet.Honda
Group
Bolivia
Nesodon taweretus, cf. Astrapotherium sp., cf. Theosodon sp., Lomaphorini indet., Mylodontinae indet., Propalaehoplophorinae indet., Toxodontidae indet.Aisol
Microtypotherium choquecotense, Prozaedyus sp., Chinchillidae indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Hegetotheriidae indet.Choquecota
Heteropsomyinae (aff. Acarechimys) sp., Dasyproctidae (aff. Alloiomys) sp., Prolagostomus sp., Caviomorpha indet., Dasypodidae indet., Typotheria indet.Cura-Mallín
Drytomomys cf. aequatorialis, Granastrapotherium cf. snorki, Miocochilius anomopodus, Neoglyptatelus originalis, Parapropalaehoplophorus septentrionalis, Pericotoxodon cf. platignathus, Potamarchus murinus, cf. Theosodon sp., Acarechimys sp., Boreostemma sp., Megathericulus sp., cf. Tetramerorhinus sp., Urumacotherium sp., Xenastrapotherium sp., Borhyaenoidea indet., Delphinida indet., Glyptodontidae indet., Macraucheniidae indet., Megalonychidae indet., Mylodontidae indet., Octodontoidea indet., Potamarchinae indet., Uruguaytheriinae indet.Ipururo
Pontistes rectifrons, Prionodelphis rovereti, Properiptychus argentinus, Protautoga longidens, cf. Balaenoptera sp., Chrysophrys sp., Dioplotherium sp., Balaenidae indet., Physeteridae indet., Sciaenidae indet., ?Sparidae indet.Paraná
Dinomyidae indet., ? Octodontoidea indet.Pebas
Boreostemma venezolensisSanta Inés
Neoglyptatelus sincelejanusSincelejo
Mirandabradys socorrensis, Megatheriidae indet.Socorro
cf. Olenopsis sp., Mylodontidae indet.Urumaco
BirdsAramus paludigrus, Galbula hylochoreutes, Hoazinoides magdalenaeHonda
Group
Colombia
Psilopteridae indet.Aisol
Pygoscelis calderensis, Spheniscus megaramphus, S. urbinai, Pelagornis sp., aff. Thalassarche sp.Bahía
Inglesa
Pelagornis cf. chilensisCapadare
Reptiles &
amphibians
cane toad (Bufo marinus), Chelus colombiana, Chelonoidis hesterna, Colombophis portai, Dracaena colombiana, ?Eunectes stirtoni, Podocnemis medemi, Gryposuchus colombianus, Langstonia huilensis, Purussaurus neivensis, Balanerodus logimus, Charactosuchus fieldsi, Mourasuchus atopus, Eocaiman sp., Gavialis sp., Sebecus sp., Alligatoridae indet.Honda
Group
Colombia
Crocodylia sp.Aisol
Bairdemys thalassicaCapadare
Barinasuchus arveloiIpururo
Caiman wannlangstoni, Gnatusuchus pebasensis, Gryposuchus pachakamue, Purussaurus neivensis, Kuttanacaiman iquitosensis, Mourasuchus atopus, Paleosuchus sp., Podocnemis sp., Gavialoidea indet.Pebas
Colombophis spinosus, Ikanogavialis gameroi, Caiman sp., Mourasuchus sp., Purussaurus sp., Thecachampsa sp., Alethinophidia indet., Boinae indet.Socorro
Globidentosuchus cf. brachyrostris, Caiman sp., Mourasuchus sp., Purussaurus sp.Urumaco
Fishes &
crustaceans
Colossoma macropomum, Lepidosiren paradoxa, cf. Acanthicus, Arapaima sp., Brachyplatystoma cf. B. vaillanti, Brachyplatystoma promagdalena, Sylviocarcinus piriformis, cf. Corydoras sp., Hoplias sp., cf. Hoplosternum sp., Hydrolycus sp., Phractocephalus hemioliopterus, Serrasalmus sp., Pygocentrus sp., or Pristobrycon sp. (cf. Myletes sp.), Ariidae indet., Characidae cf. Tetragonopterinae, Cichlidae indet., Doradidae indet., Loricariidae indet., Potamotrygonidae indet.Honda
Group
Colombia
Megalodon, Carcharias acutissima, Carcharodon hastalis, Galeocerdo aduncus, Hemipristis serra, Carcharhinus sp., Heterodontus sp., Squalus sp., Squatina sp., Dasyatidae indet., Myliobatoidea indet., Potamotrygonidae indet.Paraná
cf. Hydrolycus sp., Leporinus sp., Potamotrygon sp., Pristis sp., Anostomidae indet.Pebas
Megalodon, Aetobatus arcuatus, Hemipristis serra, Mugil cephalus, Carcharhinus sp., Citharichthys sp., Galeocerdo sp., Rhinoptera sp., Sphyrna sp., Symphurus sp.Socorro
InsectsMacroteleia yaguarum, Sycorax peruensisPebas
FloraAstroniumxylon parabalansae, Piptadenioxylon paraexcelsa, Solanumxylon paranensisParaná

Correlations

The Laventan (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) correlates with:

Laventan correlations in South America
FormationHondaHondaAisolCura-MallínPiscoIpururoPebasCapadareUrumacoInésParanáMap
BasinVSMHondaSan RafaelCalderaPiscoUcayaliAmazonFalcónVenezuelaParaná
Laventan (South America)
Country Colombia Bolivia Argentina Chile Peru Venezuela Argentina
Boreostemma
Hapalops
Miocochilius
Theosodon
Xenastrapotherium
Mylodontidae
Sparassodonta
Primates
Rodents
Birds
Terror birds
Reptiles
megalodon
Flora
Insects
EnvironmentsFluvialFluvio-deltaicFluvio-lacustrineFluvio-deltaicFluvial
Laventan volcanoclastics

Laventan fauna

Laventan flora
VolcanicYes

References

  1. Paleo Database: Laventan
  2. Madden et al., 1997
  3. Villarroel et al., 1996, p.54
  4. Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.635
  5. Forasiepi et al., 2011, p.149
  6. Le Roux et al., 2016, p.46
  7. Penín & Villarroel, 2005, p.138
  8. Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.636
  9. Utgé et al., 2009
  10. Antoine et al., 2016, p.56
  11. Martín Pérez, 2013, p.51
  12. Wesselingh et al., 2006, p.304
  13. Brand et al., 2011
  14. Simpson, 1947, p.2
  15. Villarroel & Clavijo, 2005, p.348
  16. Linares, 2004, p.5
  17. Linares, 2004, p.16
  18. Croft, 2007, p.299
  19. Croft, 2007, p.300
  20. Croft, 2007, p.301
  21. Croft, 2007, p.302
  22. Croft, 2007, p.303
  23. Meldrum & Kay, 1997
  24. Organ & Lemelin, 2011
  25. Rosenberger et al., 1991
  26. Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1988
  27. Setoguchi, 1985
  28. Takai et al., 2001
  29. Tejedor, 2013, p.22
  30. Defler, 2004, p.32
  31. Cebupithecia sarmientoi at Fossilworks.org
  32. Miocallicebus villaviejai at Fossilworks.org
  33. Neosaimiri annectens at Fossilworks.org
  34. Stirtonia tatacoensis at Fossilworks.org
  35. Stirtonia victoriae at Fossilworks.org
  36. Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015
  37. Pardo Jaramillo, 2010
  38. Granastrapotherium snorki, Sebecus sp. at Fossilworks.org
  39. Villarroel, 2000, p.118
  40. Kay & Madden, 1997, p.171
  41. Neonematherium flabellatum at Fossilworks.org
  42. Brievabradys laventensis at Fossilworks.org
  43. Huilabradys magdaleniensis at Fossilworks.org
  44. Czaplewski et al., 2003, p.278
  45. Neotamandua borealis at Fossilworks.org
  46. Pseudoprepotherium confusum at Fossilworks.org
  47. Anadasypus hondanus at Fossilworks.org
  48. Boreostemma acostae at Fossilworks.org
  49. Boreostemma gigantea at Fossilworks.org
  50. Neoglyptatelus originalis at Fossilworks.org
  51. Pedrolypeutes praecursor at Fossilworks.org
  52. Scirrotherium hondaensis at Fossilworks.org
  53. Prolicaphrium sanalfolsensis at Fossilworks.org
  54. Prothoatherium colombianus at Fossilworks.org
  55. Duke Locality 33 at Fossilworks.org
  56. Villarroelia totoyoi at Fossilworks.org
  57. Villarroel, 1997
  58. Villarroel et al., 1996, p.63
  59. Hoffstetter, 1971, p.40
  60. Suárez et al., 2015
  61. Marshall, 1976
  62. Hondadelphys fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
  63. Pachybiotherium minor at Fossilworks.org
  64. Thylamys colombianus at Fossilworks.org
  65. Thylamys minutus at Fossilworks.org
  66. Hondathentes cazador at Fossilworks.org
  67. Pithiculites chenche at Fossilworks.org
  68. Neoreomys huilensis at Fossilworks.org
  69. Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana at Fossilworks.org
  70. Scleromys colombianus at Fossilworks.org
  71. Scleromys schurmanni at Fossilworks.org
  72. Prodolichotis guerreroi at Fossilworks.org
  73. UCMP V4936 at Fossilworks.org
  74. Eodolichotis elachys at Fossilworks.org
  75. Eodolichotis maddeni at Fossilworks.org
  76. Rhodanodolichotis vucetichae at Fossilworks.org
  77. Takai et al., 1991
  78. Kiotomops lopezi at Fossilworks.org
  79. Potamops mascahehenes at Fossilworks.org
  80. Thyroptera robusta at Fossilworks.org
  81. Engelman et al., 2016
  82. Pujos et al., 2014
  83. Hondalagus at Fossilworks.org
  84. Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
  85. Engelman et al., 2018
  86. Forasiepi et al., 2015
  87. Cerro Aisol at Fossilworks.org
  88. Choquecota at Fossilworks.org
  89. Cerro los Pinos at Fossilworks.org
  90. IN-DTC-20 at Fossilworks.org
  91. IN-DTC-28 at Fossilworks.org
  92. IN-DTC-32 at Fossilworks.org
  93. Río Sepa at Fossilworks.org
  94. SEP 005 at Fossilworks.org
  95. IN 008 at Fossilworks.org
  96. Pueblo Brugo to Diamante at Fossilworks.org
  97. CTA-45 at Fossilworks.org
  98. Banks of the Rio Guere at Fossilworks.org
  99. Calle Fria-Segovia at Fossilworks.org
  100. South East of 'Cerro los Chivatos' at Fossilworks.org
  101. Mirandabradys Urumaco 01 at Fossilworks.org
  102. Biozona 1 Loc 44-FU at Fossilworks.org
  103. Rasmussen, 1997
  104. Miller, 1953
  105. Los Dedos at Fossilworks.org
  106. Zumbador Cave at Fossilworks.org
  107. Estes & Wassersug, 1963
  108. Gryposuchus colombianus at Fossilworks.org
  109. Sebecus huiensis at Fossilworks.org
  110. Dracaena colombiana at Fossilworks.org
  111. Purussaurus neivensis at Fossilworks.org
  112. Charactosuchus fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
  113. Mourasuchus atopus at Fossilworks.org
  114. UCMP Locality V4524 at Fossilworks.org
  115. Balanerodus logimus at Fossilworks.org
  116. Eocaiman at Fossilworks.org
  117. Cadena et al., 2008, p.1206
  118. De la Fuente et al., 2013, p.102
  119. Geochelone hesterna at Fossilworks.org
  120. Hsiou et al., 2010
  121. (in Spanish) Fauna de La Venta - serpientes
  122. Ferreira et al., 2015
  123. Salas Gismondi et al., 2015
  124. IQ114 at Fossilworks.org
  125. Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
  126. East of Capirote, road to Quebrada Honda at Fossilworks.org
  127. Sur Quebrada Bejucal at Fossilworks.org
  128. (in Spanish) Fauna de La Venta - flora, cangrejos y peces
  129. Kay & Madden, 1997, p.185
  130. Lundberg & Chernoff, 1992, p.5
  131. Brachyplatystoma promagdalena at Fossilworks.org
  132. Socorro at Fossilworks.org
  133. Amazonian amber at Fossilworks.org
  134. Toma Vieja at Fossilworks.org
  135. Barstovian at Fossilworks.org
  136. Clarendonian at Fossilworks.org
  137. Astaracian at Fossilworks.org
  138. Central Paratethys Stages at Fossilworks.org
  139. Badenian at Fossilworks.org
  140. http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=displayInterval&interval_no=1045 Sarmatian] at Fossilworks.org
  141. Southland epoch at Fossilworks.org
  142. Lillburnian at Fossilworks.org
  143. Waiauan at Fossilworks.org
  144. Tunggurian at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography

Laventan
  • Madden, R.H.; J. Guerrero; R.F. Kay; J.J. Flynn; C.C. Swisher III, and A.H. Walton. 1997. The Laventan Stage and Age, 499–519. Kay, R.F., Madden, R.H., Cifelli, R.L., Flynn, J.J. (eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia: Washington D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press. Accessed 2019-02-28.
Honda Group, Colombia
Honda Group, Bolivia
Aisol Formation
Bahía Inglesa Formation
Capadare Formation
Choquecota and Mauri Formations
Cura-Mallín Group
Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation
Ipururo Formation
  • Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; M. Alejandra Abello; Sylvain Adnet; Ali J. Altamirano Sierra; Patrice Baby; Guillaume Billet; Myriam Boivin; Ysabel Calderón, and Adriana Candela, Jules Chabain, Fernando Corfu, Darin A. Croft, Morgan Ganerød, Carlos Jaramillo, Sebastian Klaus, Laurent Marivaux, Rosa E. Navarrete, Maëva J. Orliac, Francisco Parra, María Encarnación Pérez, François Pujos, Jean-Claude Rage, Anthony Ravel, Céline Robinet, Martin Roddaz, Julia Victoria Tejada Lara, Jorge Vélez Juarbe, Frank P. Wesselingh, Rodolfo Salas Gismondi. 2016. A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru. Gondwana Research 31. 30–59. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Paraná Formation
Pebas Formation
Pisco Formation
Santa Inés Formation
Sincelejo Formation
Socorro and Urumaco Formations

Further reading

  • Croft, Darin A. 2016. Horned Armadillos and Rafting Monkeys: The Fascinating Fossil Mammals of South America, 1–320. Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253020949. Accessed 2017-10-21.
  • Fleagle, John G., and Alfred L. Rosenberger. 2013. The Platyrrhine Fossil Record, 1–256. Elsevier ISBN 9781483267074. Accessed 2017-10-21.
  • Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R.; Órangel A. Aguilera, and Alfredo A. Carlini. 2010. Urumaco and Venezuelan Paleontology: The Fossil Record of the Northern Neotropics, 1–304. Indiana University Press ISBN 9780253002006. Accessed 2017-10-21.
  • Hartwig, W.C., and D.J. Meldrum. 2002. The Primate Fossil Record - Miocene platyrrhines of the northern Neotropics, 175–188. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2. Accessed 2017-09-24.
  • Kay, Richard F.; Richard H. Madden; John J. Flynn, and Richard L. Cifelli. 1997. Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics: The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia, 1–608. Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press ISBN 9781935623854. Accessed 2017-10-21.
  • Simpson, George Gaylord. 1996. Splendid Isolation: The Curious History of South American Mammals, 1–275. UMI ISBN 9780783733111. Accessed 2017-10-21.
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