HSP90AB1

Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta also called HSP90beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSP90AB1 gene.[5][6][7]

HSP90AB1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesHSP90AB1, D6S182, HSP84, HSP90B, HSPC2, HSPCB, heat shock protein 90kDa alpha family class B member 1, heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1
External IDsOMIM: 140572 MGI: 96247 HomoloGene: 74306 GeneCards: HSP90AB1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 6 (human)[1]
Band6p21.1Start44,246,166 bp[1]
End44,253,888 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3326

15516

Ensembl

ENSG00000096384

ENSMUSG00000023944

UniProt

P08238
Q6PK50

P11499

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_008302

RefSeq (protein)

NP_032328

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 44.25 – 44.25 MbChr 17: 45.57 – 45.57 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

HSP90AB1 is a molecular chaperone. Chaperones are proteins that bind to other proteins, thereby stabilizing them[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] in an ATP-dependent manner.[15] Chaperones stabilize new proteins during translation, mature proteins which are partially unstable but also proteins that have become partially denatured due to various kinds of cellular stress. In case proper folding or refolding is impossible, HSPs mediate protein degradation. They also have specialized functions, such as intracellular transport into organelles.

Classification

Human HSPs are classified into 5 major groups according to the HGNC:[16][17]

Chaperonins are characterized by their barrel-shaped structure with binding sites for client proteins inside the barrels.

The human HSP90 group consists of 5 members according to the HGNC:[17][18]

  • HSP90AA1 (heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha, class A, member 1)
  • HSP90AA3P (heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 3, pseudogene)
  • HSP90AB1 (heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha, class B, member 1) (this protein)
  • HSP90B1 (heat shock protein 90 kDA beta, member 1)
  • TRAP1 (TNF receptor associated protein 1)

Whereas HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1 are located primarily in the cytoplasm of the cells, HSP90B1 can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Trap1 in mitochondria.

Co-chaperones

Co-chaperones bind to HSPs and influence their activity, substrate (client) specificity and interaction with other HSPs.[14] For example, the co-chaperone CDC37 (cell division cycle 37) stabilizes the cell cycle regulatory proteins CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase 4) and Cdk6.[19] Hop (HSP organizing protein) mediates the interaction between different HSPs, forming HSP70HSP90 complexes.[20][21] TOM70 (translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane of ~70 kDa) mediates translocation of client proteins through the import pore into the mitochondrial matrix.[21][22]

Isoforms

Human HPS90AB1 shares 60% overall homology to its closest relative HSP90AA1.[23] Murine HSP90AB1 was cloned in 1987 based on homology of the corresponding Drosophila melanogaster gene.[24][25]

Protein structure

HSP90AB1 is active as homodimer, forming a V-shaped structure.[21][26][27][28][29][30] It consists of three major domains:

  • N-terminal domain (NTD) containing the ATP binding site
  • middle domain, primarily responsible for substrate binding
  • C-terminal domain (CTD) which is the dimerization domain (base of the V).

Between these domains, there are short charged domains. Co-chaperones primarily bind to the NTD and CTD. The latter Co-chaperones usually contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain which binds to a MEEVD motif at the C-terminus of the HSP.[21][31] Inhibition of HSP90 activity by geldanamycin derivatives is based on their binding to the ATP binding site.[15]

Client proteins

Client proteins are steroid hormone receptors, kinases, ubiquitin ligases, transcription factors and proteins from many more families.[14][32][33] Examples of HSP90AB1 client proteins are p38MAPK/MAPK14 (mitogen activated protein kinase 14),[34] ERK5 (extracellular regulated kinase 5),[35] or the checkpoint kinase Wee1.[36]

Clinical significance

Cystic fibrosis (CF, mucoviscidosis) is a genetic disease with increased viscosity of various secretions leading to organ failure of lung, pancreas and other organs. It is caused in nearly all cases by a deletion of phenylalanine 508 of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). This mutation causes a maturation defect of this ion channel protein with increased degradation, mediated by HSPs. Deletion of the co-chaperone AHA1 (activator of heat shock 90kDa protein ATPase homolog 1) leads to stabilization of CFTR and opens up a perspective for a new therapy.[37]

Cancer

HSP90AB1 and its co-chaperones are frequently overexpressed in cancer cells.[38] They are able to stabilize mutant proteins thereby allowing survival and increased proliferation of cancer cells. This renders HSPs potential targets for cancer treatment.[39][40][41] In salivary gland tumors, expression of HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1 correlates with malignancy, proliferation and metastasis.[42] The same is basically true for lung cancers where a correlation with survival was found.[43]

Notes

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000096384 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023944 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Rebbe NF, Hickman WS, Ley TJ, Stafford DW, Hickman S (Sep 1989). "Nucleotide sequence and regulation of a human 90-kDa heat shock protein gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (25): 15006–11. PMID 2768249.
  6. Chen B, Piel WH, Gui L, Bruford E, Monteiro A (Dec 2005). "The HSP90 family of genes in the human genome: insights into their divergence and evolution". Genomics. 86 (6): 627–37. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.08.012. PMID 16269234.
  7. "NCBI Gene: HSP90AB1 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1". Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  8. Lindquist S (June 1986). "The heat-shock response". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 55 (1): 1151–1191. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005443. PMID 2427013. S2CID 42450279.
  9. Gething MJ, Sambrook J (Jan 1992). "Protein folding in the cell". Nature. 355 (6355): 33–45. Bibcode:1992Natur.355...33G. doi:10.1038/355033a0. PMID 1731198. S2CID 4330003.
  10. Craig EA, Gambill BD, Nelson RJ (Jun 1993). "Heat shock proteins: molecular chaperones of protein biogenesis". Microbiological Reviews. 57 (2): 402–14. doi:10.1128/MMBR.57.2.402-414.1993. PMC 372916. PMID 8336673.
  11. Hartl FU (Jun 1996). "Molecular chaperones in cellular protein folding". Nature. 381 (6583): 571–9. Bibcode:1996Natur.381..571H. doi:10.1038/381571a0. PMID 8637592. S2CID 4347271.
  12. Johnson JL, Craig EA (Jul 1997). "Protein folding in vivo: unraveling complex pathways". Cell. 90 (2): 201–4. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80327-x. PMID 9244293. S2CID 16824153.
  13. Wegele H, Müller L, Buchner J (2004). Hsp70 and Hsp90--a relay team for protein folding. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. 151. pp. 1–44. doi:10.1007/s10254-003-0021-1. ISBN 978-3-540-22096-1. PMID 14740253.
  14. Taipale M, Jarosz DF, Lindquist S (Jul 2010). "HSP90 at the hub of protein homeostasis: emerging mechanistic insights". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 11 (7): 515–28. doi:10.1038/nrm2918. PMID 20531426. S2CID 7842137.
  15. Obermann WM, Sondermann H, Russo AA, Pavletich NP, Hartl FU (Nov 1998). "In vivo function of Hsp90 is dependent on ATP binding and ATP hydrolysis". The Journal of Cell Biology. 143 (4): 901–10. doi:10.1083/jcb.143.4.901. PMC 2132952. PMID 9817749.
  16. HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) https://www.genenames.org/data/genegroup/#!/group/582. Retrieved 30 August 2019. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. Kampinga HH, Hageman J, Vos MJ, Kubota H, Tanguay RM, Bruford EA, Cheetham ME, Chen B, Hightower LE (Jan 2009). "Guidelines for the nomenclature of the human heat shock proteins". Cell Stress & Chaperones. 14 (1): 105–11. doi:10.1007/s12192-008-0068-7. PMC 2673902. PMID 18663603.
  18. "HGNC HSP90 Group". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC). Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  19. Lamphere L, Fiore F, Xu X, Brizuela L, Keezer S, Sardet C, Draetta GF, Gyuris J (Apr 1997). "Interaction between Cdc37 and Cdk4 in human cells". Oncogene. 14 (16): 1999–2004. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201036. PMID 9150368.
  20. Chen S, Smith DF (Dec 1998). "Hop as an adaptor in the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and hsp90 chaperone machinery". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (52): 35194–200. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.52.35194. PMID 9857057.
  21. Scheufler C, Brinker A, Bourenkov G, Pegoraro S, Moroder L, Bartunik H, Hartl FU, Moarefi I (Apr 2000). "Structure of TPR domain-peptide complexes: critical elements in the assembly of the Hsp70-Hsp90 multichaperone machine". Cell. 101 (2): 199–210. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80830-2. PMID 10786835. S2CID 18200460.
  22. Young JC, Hoogenraad NJ, Hartl FU (Jan 2003). "Molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 deliver preproteins to the mitochondrial import receptor Tom70". Cell. 112 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01250-3. PMID 12526792.
  23. Rebbe NF, Ware J, Bertina RM, Modrich P, Stafford DW (1987). "Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for a member of the human 90-kDa heat-shock protein family". Gene. 53 (2–3): 235–45. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90012-6. PMID 3301534.
  24. Moore SK, Kozak C, Robinson EA, Ullrich SJ, Appella E (1987). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the murine hsp84 cDNA and chromosome assignment of related sequences". Gene. 56 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90155-7. PMID 2445630.
  25. Moore SK, Kozak C, Robinson EA, Ullrich SJ, Appella E (Apr 1989). "Murine 86- and 84-kDa heat shock proteins, cDNA sequences, chromosome assignments, and evolutionary origins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (10): 5343–51. PMID 2925609.
  26. Prodromou C, Roe SM, Piper PW, Pearl LH (Jun 1997). "A molecular clamp in the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of the yeast Hsp90 chaperone". Nature Structural Biology. 4 (6): 477–82. doi:10.1038/nsb0697-477. PMID 9187656. S2CID 38764610.
  27. Stebbins CE, Russo AA, Schneider C, Rosen N, Hartl FU, Pavletich NP (Apr 1997). "Crystal structure of an Hsp90-geldanamycin complex: targeting of a protein chaperone by an antitumor agent". Cell. 89 (2): 239–50. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80203-2. PMID 9108479. S2CID 5253110.
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  29. Ali MM, Roe SM, Vaughan CK, Meyer P, Panaretou B, Piper PW, Prodromou C, Pearl LH (Apr 2006). "Crystal structure of an Hsp90-nucleotide-p23/Sba1 closed chaperone complex". Nature. 440 (7087): 1013–7. Bibcode:2006Natur.440.1013A. doi:10.1038/nature04716. PMC 5703407. PMID 16625188.
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  35. Erazo T, Moreno A, Ruiz-Babot G, Rodríguez-Asiain A, Morrice NA, Espadamala J, Bayascas JR, Gómez N, Lizcano JM (Apr 2013). "Canonical and kinase activity-independent mechanisms for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) nuclear translocation require dissociation of Hsp90 from the ERK5-Cdc37 complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 33 (8): 1671–86. doi:10.1128/MCB.01246-12. PMC 3624243. PMID 23428871.
  36. Aressy B, Jullien D, Cazales M, Marcellin M, Bugler B, Burlet-Schiltz O, Ducommun B (Sep 2010). "A screen for deubiquitinating enzymes involved in the G₂/M checkpoint identifies USP50 as a regulator of HSP90-dependent Wee1 stability". Cell Cycle. 9 (18): 3815–22. doi:10.4161/cc.9.18.13133. PMID 20930503.
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