Isaiah 19

Isaiah 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is a part of the Book of the Prophets. This chapter focuses on Egypt.

Isaiah 19
The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
BookBook of Isaiah
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part5
CategoryLatter Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part23

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[1]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):[2]

  • 1QIsaa: complete
  • 1QIsab: extant: verses 1, 7‑17, 20‑25
  • 4QIsaa (4Q55): extant: verses 9‑14
  • 4QIsab (4Q56): complete

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[3]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[4] Isaiah 19 is a part of the Prophecies about the Nations (Isaiah 13–23). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{S} 19:1-17 {S} 19:18 {S} 19:19-22 {S} 19:23 {S} 19:24-25 {S}

Structure

German theologian Franz Delitzsch regards Isaiah 19:16-17 as a connecting link between two contrasting pictures of Egypt's future: the prospect of judgment in Isaiah 19:1-15 and the remoter prospect of conversion and prosperity in Isaiah 19:18-25.[5]

Verse 13
The princes of Zoan have become fools;
The princes of Noph are deceived;
They have also deluded Egypt,
Those who are the mainstay of its tribes.[6]
  • "Princes": here refer to a group of expert counselors of the Egyptian Pharaoh; despite their renowned wisdom they are mock as incapable.[7]
  • Noph (or Moph) was the Hebrew name for the ancient city of Memphis.[8]

Verse 15
Neither shall there be any work for Egypt,
which the head or tail, branch or rush, may do.[9]
"The elder and honorable, he is the head;
The prophet who teaches lies, he is the tail."[10]

Verse 18

In that day five cities in the land of Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear by the Lord of hosts: one will be called the City of Destruction.[11]

Some Hebrew manuscripts, the Arabic text, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Targum, and Vulgate refer to the Sun, while the Septuagint reads Asedek (literally Righteousness). The name "City of the Sun" is used in the Revised Standard Version and New International Version. John Wycliffe used the Greek name Heliopolis.[12]

See also

References
  1. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35-37.
  2. Ulrich 2010, p. 365-367.
  3. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73-74.
  4. As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
  5. Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Isaiah 19, accessed 2 April 2018
  6. Isaiah 19:13 NKJV
  7. Coggins 2007, p. 452.
  8. Note on Isaiah 19:13 in NKJV
  9. Isaiah 19:15
  10. Isaiah 9:15
  11. Isaiah 19:18: NKJV
  12. Isaiah 19:18: Wycliffe Bible

Sources
  • Coggins, R (2007). "22. Isaiah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 433–486. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  • Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  • Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

Jewish

Christian
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