Isotopes of gold
Gold (79Au) has one stable isotope, 197Au, and 36 radioisotopes, with 195Au being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is currently considered the heaviest monoisotopic element (bismuth formerly held that distinction in the belief that the isotope, bismuth-209, was stable; however it is now known to be slightly radioactive).
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Au) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
List of isotopes
| Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Decay mode [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7] |
Spin and parity [n 8][n 4] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||
| 169Au | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 150# μs | 1/2+# | ||||
| 170Au | 79 | 91 | 169.99612(22)# | 310(50) μs [286(+50−40) μs] |
(2−) | ||||
| 170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) μs [0.62(+6−5) ms] |
(9+) | ||||||
| 171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991879(28) | 30(5) μs | p | 170Pt | (1/2+) | ||
| α (rare) | 167Ir | ||||||||
| 171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1.014(19) ms | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | ||||
| p (46%) | 170Pt | ||||||||
| 172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99004(17)# | 4.7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | high | ||
| p (2%) | 171Pt | ||||||||
| 173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986237(28) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | ||
| β+ (rare) | 173Pt | ||||||||
| 173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14.0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | ||||
| β+ (4%) | 173Pt | ||||||||
| 174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98476(11)# | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | low | ||
| β+ (rare) | 174Pt | ||||||||
| 174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | ||||||
| 175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98127(5) | 100# ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+# | ||
| β+ (18%) | 175Pt | ||||||||
| 175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2−# | ||||
| β+ | 175Pt | ||||||||
| 176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98010(11)# | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s] |
α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | ||
| β+ (40%) | 176Pt | ||||||||
| 176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | ||||||
| 177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976865(14) | 1.462(32) s | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+, 3/2+) | ||
| α (40%) | 173Ir | ||||||||
| 177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2− | ||||||
| 178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.97603(6) | 2.6(5) s | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | |||
| α (40%) | 174Ir | ||||||||
| 179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973213(18) | 7.1(3) s | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2−# | ||
| α (22%) | 175Ir | ||||||||
| 179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | |||||||
| 180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972521(23) | 8.1(3) s | β+ (98.2%) | 180Pt | |||
| α (1.8%) | 176Ir | ||||||||
| 181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | β+ (97.3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | ||
| α (2.7%) | 177Ir | ||||||||
| 182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969618(22) | 15.5(4) s | β+ (99.87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | ||
| α (.13%) | 178Ir | ||||||||
| 183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967593(11) | 42.8(10) s | β+ (99.2%) | 183Pt | (5/2)− | ||
| α (.8%) | 179Ir | ||||||||
| 183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 μs | (1/2)+ | ||||||
| 183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 μs | (11/2)− | ||||||
| 184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | ||
| 184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | ||||
| IT (30%) | 184Au | ||||||||
| α (.013%) | 180Ir | ||||||||
| 185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.965789(28) | 4.25(6) min | β+ (99.74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | ||
| α (.26%) | 181Ir | ||||||||
| 185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | ||||||
| 186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | β+ (99.9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | ||
| α (8×10−4%) | 182Ir | ||||||||
| 186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | ||||||
| 187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964568(27) | 8.4(3) min | β+ (99.997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | ||
| α (.003%) | 183Ir | ||||||||
| 187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | ||||
| 188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.965324(22) | 8.84(6) min | β+ | 188Pt | 1(−) | ||
| 189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | β+ (99.9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | ||
| α (3×10−4%) | 185Ir | ||||||||
| 189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | ||||
| IT (rare) | 189Au | ||||||||
| 189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
| 189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | ||||||
| 190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964700(17) | 42.8(10) min | β+ | 190Pt | 1− | ||
| α (10−6%) | 186Ir | ||||||||
| 190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11−# | ||||
| β+ (rare) | 190Pt | ||||||||
| 191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.96370(4) | 3.18(8) h | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | ||
| 191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | ||||
| 191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | |||||||
| 192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964813(17) | 4.94(9) h | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | ||
| 192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | (5#)+ | ||||
| 192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | ||||||
| 193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964150(11) | 17.65(15) h | β+ (100%) | 193Pt | 3/2+ | ||
| α (10−5%) | 189Ir | ||||||||
| 193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | IT (99.97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | ||||
| β+ (.03%) | 193Pt | ||||||||
| 193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | ||||||
| 194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.965365(11) | 38.02(10) h | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | ||
| 194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5+) | ||||
| 194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | ||||||
| 195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650346(14) | 186.098(47) d | EC | 195Pt | 3/2+ | ||
| 195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | ||||
| 196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966570(3) | 6.1669(6) d | β+ (93.05%) | 196Pt | 2− | ||
| β− (6.95%) | 196Hg | ||||||||
| 196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5+ | ||||
| 196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12− | ||||||
| 197Au[n 9] | 79 | 118 | 196.9665687(6) | Stable | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | |||
| 197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | ||||
| 198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682423(6) | 2.69517(21) d | β− | 198Hg | 2− | ||
| 198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | ||||||
| 198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | IT | 198Au | (12−) | ||||
| 199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687652(6) | 3.139(7) d | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | ||
| 199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) μs | (11/2)− | ||||||
| 200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.97073(5) | 48.4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1(−) | ||
| 200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | ||||
| IT (18%) | 200Au | ||||||||
| 201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971657(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | ||
| 201m1Au | 594(5) keV | 730(630) μs | (11/2-) | ||||||
| 201m2Au | 1610(5) keV | 5.6(2.4) μs | (11/2-) | ||||||
| 202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.97381(18) | 28.8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | ||
| 203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975155(3) | 60(6) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | ||
| 203mAu | 641(3) keV | 140(44) μs | IT | 203Au | 11/2−# | ||||
| 204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97772(22)# | 38.3(1.3) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | ||
| 204mAu | 3816(1000)# keV | 2.1(0.3) μs | IT | 204Au | 16+# | ||||
| 205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.97985(21)# | 32.5(1.4) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+# | ||
| 205m1Au | 907(5) keV | 6(2) s | 11/2−# | ||||||
| 205m2Au | 2850(5) keV | 163(5) ns | 19/2+# | ||||||
| 206Au | 79 | 127 | 205.98474(32)# | 47(11) s | β− | 206Hg | (5+, 6+) | ||
- mAu – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
-
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition p: Proton emission - Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- Potential material for salted bombs
References
- Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
Isotopes of the chemical elements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.