James Henry (soldier)

James Henry (1833 – 1911) was a Union Army soldier during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the Siege of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863.

James Henry
Born(1833-04-07)April 7, 1833
Sunfish, Ohio
DiedJune 7, 1911(1911-06-07) (aged 78)
Illinois
Place of burial
Oak Hill Cemetery, Geneva, Illinois
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branchUnited States Army
Union Army
RankFirst Sergeant
Unit Company B, 113th Illinois Volunteer Infantry
Battles/warsAmerican Civil War
 • Siege of Vicksburg
AwardsMedal of Honor

Henry joined the 113th Illinois Infantry in August 1862, and was mustered out in June 1865.[1]

Union assault

On May 22, 1863, General Ulysses S. Grant ordered an assault by XV Corpson the Confederate heights at Vicksburg, Mississippi.[2] The 2nd Division was to lead the assault. The plan called for a diversionary storming party of volunteers to build a bridge across a moat and plant scaling ladders against the enemy embankment in advance of the main attack.

The Division Commander, MGEN Blair called for volunteers for the party. The volunteers knew the odds were against survival and the mission was called, in nineteenth century vernacular, a "forlorn hope". They were promised sixty days furlough if they survived. Each brigade (there were three) had a quota of two officers and fifty men.[3]

Only single men were accepted as volunteers and even then, twice as many men as needed came forward and were turned away. In the 113th Illinois, the five companies had a quota of three man each.[4][5] In Company B, Henry volunteered along with two friends Elisha Johns and Joseph Smith.[6] The assault began in the early morning following a naval bombardment. The Union soldiers came under enemy fire immediately and were pinned down in the ditch they were to cross. Despite repeated attacks by the main Union body, the men of the forlorn hope were unable to retreat until nightfall.[3] Of the 150 men in the storming party, nearly half were killed.[7] Seventy-nine of the survivors were awarded the Medal of Honor.

Medal of Honor citation

"For gallantry in the charge of the volunteer storming party on 22 May 1863.[8][9]"

See also

Notes
  1. Illinois Service Record
  2. Grant (1885), p. 239, Vol. I.
  3. War Department (1889), p. 257, Vol. XXIV-XXXVI-II.
  4. Kellogg (1889), p. 39.
  5. Military Park Commission (1907), p. 292.
  6. Adjutant General (190), p. 200, Vol. VI.
  7. Kellogg (1889), p. 47.
  8. CMOHS (2014).
  9. VCOnline (2020).

References
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