July 1971

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July 6, 1971: Jazz legend Louis Armstrong dies 69 years old
July 31, 1971: U.S. astronaut David R. Scott becomes first driver on the Moon
July 3, 1971: Rock legend Jim Morrison dies at 27 years old

The following events occurred in July 1971:

July 1, 1971 (Thursday)
old U.S. Mail box [1]
new USPS box [2]

July 2, 1971 (Friday)

July 3, 1971 (Saturday)

July 4, 1971 (Sunday)

July 5, 1971 (Monday)

July 6, 1971 (Tuesday)

July 7, 1971 (Wednesday)
  • The U.S. Army began the process of destroying its stockpile of biological warfare weapons. All of the germ and toxin weapons had been created and stored from 1953 to 1969 at the Pine Bluff Arsenal in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, without being used. Microorganisms kept for use were capable of infecting people with anthrax, tularemia ("rabbit fever"), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE), Q fever, botulism or a staph infection.[29]
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ordered a nationwide recall of all canned products of the Bon Vivant Soup Company and a shutdown of the factory in Newark, New Jersey.,[30] one week after the June 30 death of a New York man from botulism poisoning from a contaminated can of vichyssoise.[31] Out of 324 cans sampled, five were found to be contaminated by the botulism toxin; the shutdown caused the Bon Vivant Company to go out of business by 1974.[32]
  • Todor Zhivkov, already the de facto leader of Bulgaria as the First Secretary of that nation's Communist Party and the nation's Prime Minister, was elected to the newly created position of Chairman of the State Council as head of state.[33] Georgi Traykov, the last "Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly" had been the ceremonial head of state and became the State Council First Deputy Chairman, while Stanko Todorov took Zhivkov's place as Prime Minister.

July 8, 1971 (Thursday)

July 9, 1971 (Friday)
  • U.S. National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger made a secret trip to the People's Republic of China after boarding a jet in Pakistan, part of his itinerary for an official worldwide "fact finding trip" and diplomatic visit to Asian nations.[38] On its flight to Pakistan, Kissinger's plane turned north and flew to Beijing, where he met with Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai for three days. While Kissinger was in China, the international press in Pakistan was told that Kissinger was "temporarily incapacitated by a stomach ailment" and staying in "a mountain resort in the hills of northeast Pakistan" overnight.[39] The visit was disclosed six days later by U.S. President Nixon.
  • Elections were held in Iran for the 268 seats of the Majlis and the 30 elected seats of the 60-seat Iranian Senate. The ruling Iran Novin Party, backed by the Shah of Iran and led by Prime Minister Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, won 230 of the 268 Majlis seats and all 30 of the contested Senate seats; the other 30 members were appointed by the Shah. The People's Party, led by former Prime Minister Asadollah Alam, finished second, with 37 Majlis seats.[40]
  • The funeral of Louis Armstrong was attended by 500 people at the Corona Congregational Church in New York City. "When the Saints Go Marching In", his theme tune, was played at the service, and Peggy Lee sang The Lord's Prayer. A crowd of 2,000 people gathered outside the church for what The New York Times described as "to ogle the invited celebrities".[41]

July 10, 1971 (Saturday)
King Hassan II [42]
Gloria Steinem
  • During the 42nd birthday party of King Hassan II of Morocco, 1,400 cadets took over the king's palace for three hours and killed 93 guests; 158 rebels died when the king's troops stormed the palace.[43] Ten high-ranking Moroccan Army officers — four generals, five colonels and a major— were executed by a firing squad a few days later for involvement.[44]
  • Gloria Steinem made her Address to the Women of America at the founding of the National Women's Political Caucus.[45][46]
  • American golfer Lee Trevino won the British Open by a single stroke over Lu Liang-Huan of Taiwan. The margin of victory was Trevino's 69 to 70 lead over Lu on the first day of play; in the other rounds, the two had finished identically every day with 70, 69, and 70 strokes, giving Trevino the 278 to 279 victory on 72 holes.[47]
  • Died: Samuel Bronfman, 80, Canadian whiskey distiller who built the Seagram liquor company into a worldwide billion dollar retailer.[48]

July 11, 1971 (Sunday)
  • The Chilean Congress unanimously approved an amendment to the South American nation's constitution to give authority to President Salvador Allende to nationalize the nation's largest copper mines. Those affected were operated by the U.S. companies Kennecott, Anaconda and Cerro, which had previously operated as a joint venture with the state-owned Codelco corporation (Corporacion Nacional del Cobre de Chile). The vote was 158 to 0, with 42 of the 200 members not in attendance and was written to take effect immediately.[49]
Rodriguez one week before his death [50]
  • Died: Pedro Rodríguez, 31, Mexican Formula One racing driver, was killed in an Interserie sports car race at the Norisring Nürnberg 200 at Nuremberg in West Germany. Rodríguez, whose brother Ricardo Rodríguez had been killed in 1962, was driving a 750-horsepower Ferrari 513M on its racing debut, rather than his own British Racing Motors BRM car, which was not ready for entry. On the 12th lap of the race, a tire blew and the Ferrari "struck a guard rail and the wall of a bridge spanning the track, was catapulted across the track and immediately caught fire".[51]

July 12, 1971 (Monday)

July 13, 1971 (Tuesday)

July 14, 1971 (Wednesday)
  • Libya severed its diplomatic ties with Morocco following accusations by Morocco of Libyan involvement in the failed coup of July 10.[60]
  • A British soldier was shot and killed in an IRA ambush on a mobile patrol in the Andersonstown area of Belfast. Three IRA gunmen using automatic weapons fired at least 35 shots at the patrol.[61]

July 15, 1971 (Thursday)

July 16, 1971 (Friday)
  • Spanish dictator and head of state Francisco Franco , who, on July 22, 1969, had already named Prince Juan Carlos as his successor, issued a decree making it possible for Juan Carlos to rule Spain if Franco were to become ill or was out of the country.[67]
  • Jeanne M. Holm became the first woman in the United States Air Force to receive the rank of general. She had enlisted in the Air Force in 1948 as a student at Lewis and Clark College because, as she noted in her remarks, "I was between semesters, had nothing to do anyway, and was flat broke." [68]

July 17, 1971 (Saturday)

July 18, 1971 (Sunday)

July 19, 1971 (Monday)

July 20, 1971 (Tuesday)

July 21, 1971 (Wednesday)

July 22, 1971 (Thursday)
  • In Sudan, troops supporting President Gaafar Nimeiri defeated those of Major Hashem al-Atta. Lieutenant Colonel Babakr al-Nur Osman, an exile who had agreed to assume control as Chairman of the Ruling Council, boarded a BOAC airliner in London and was attempting to fly to Khartoum to take office when the Libyan Air Force intercepted his plane had forced it to land at Benghazi.[83] Major Al-Atta and three of his officers were executed by a firing squad the next day.[84][85]
  • The national convention of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (B.P.O.E., commonly known as "The Elks Club") rejected a resolution that would have ended the service club's policy of barring non-White members by removing the word "white" from the Elks' membership requirements. Voting by about 3,000 members, meeting in a closed session, was made by a show of hands. The members approved a separate resolution that would give the Grand Exalted Ruler of the Elks authority to suspend the Whites-only requirement for a year if the Grand Ruler found that it was "in the best interests of hte Order".[86]

July 23, 1971 (Friday)

July 24, 1971 (Saturday)

July 25, 1971 (Sunday)
  • The crash of Aeroflot Flight 1912 killed 97 of the 118 people onboard as the Tupolev Tu-104 jet made a hard landing 500 feet (150 m) short of the runway on its arrival at Irkutsk. The airliner's left wing broke off and the aircraft caught fire.[92] News of the disaster reached the Western press almost three weeks later.[93]
  • Under the direction and planning of Muhammad Kamaruzzaman, the Al-Badr paramilitary group aided the Pakistan Army in a massacre of 150 men living in the Bangladesh village of Shohaghpur in the Nalitabari division of the Sherpur District. Afterwards, the troops raped the wives of the men killed. Kamaruzzaman would be executed for the massacre more than 40 years later after being convicted by an international war crimes tribunal.[94]
  • Died: David Tsugio Tsutada, 65, Japanese missionary, "the John Wesley of Japan"

July 26, 1971 (Monday)
Scott, Warden and Irwin
  • Apollo 15, carrying astronauts David Scott, Alfred Worden, and James Irwin, was launched from Cape Kennedy in Florida at 9:34 in the morning local time on its mission to the Moon.[95] After separating from the attached lunar module, turning around and docking with the module without incident, the spacecraft then departed Earth orbit at 12:24 in the afternoon and proceeded on a four-day journey to the Moon.

July 27, 1971 (Tuesday)

July 28, 1971 (Wednesday)
  • A Gillette Cup semi-final between Lancashire and Gloucestershire became one of the most famous matches in English cricket after David Hughes scored 24 off one over to win the match for Lancashire just before 9pm.[100]
  • The United States announced that it would discontinue further airplane surveillance flights over the People's Republic of China, after years of flying SR-71 spy planes and sending unmanned reconnaissance drones into Chinese airspace.[101]
  • Mikhail S. Solomentsev was named as the new Premier of the Russian SFSR, upon the retirement Gennadi I. Voronov, as part of the opening of the new session of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet legislature. Voronov, a member of the 15-man Soviet Communist Party Politburo was apparently demoted by being reassigned to the job of chairman of the People's Control Committee after disagreeing with the economic policies of Communist Party First Secretary Leonid Brezhnev. Solomentsev was promoted from being the CPSU Party Secretary for Heavy Industry.[102]
  • The body of Diane Arbus, 48, U.S. photographer, was found in her New York City apartment. She had committed suicide by ingesting barbiturates and slashing her wrists with a razor, and was thought to have died two days earlier[103]
  • Died: Abdel Khaliq Mahjub, 43, Sudanese communist leader, was hanged for treason following his attempted coup d'état on July 19.

July 29, 1971 (Thursday)

July 30, 1971 (Friday)
  • In what was, at the time, the worst civil aviation disaster in history, all 162 crew and passengers on All Nippon Airways Flight 58 were killed after the Boeing 727 collided with a Japanese Air Force F-86 Sabrejet fighter while flying over Shizukuishi in Japan's Iwate Prefecture. The flight had departed Tokyo and was on its way to Sapporo; 125 of the 155 passengers were in a tour group for the flight for a society for relatives of Japanese servicemen who had been killed in World War II. The mid-air collision happened at an altitude of 26,000 feet (7,900 m). The pilot of the F-86, a Japanese Air Force sergeant with only 21 hours of training in flying the fighter, parachuted to safety.[109] The 22-year old student pilot was arrested, as well as his instructor, who had been flying in another F-86, and both were charged with criminal negligence.[110]
  • All 37 paratroopers and crew aboard a French Air Force military transport were killed when the airplane crashed during a training mission. An air force captain and a lieutenant had safely parachuted out of the plane minutes earlier to test the wind over the drop zone, and the trainees were preparing to follow when one of the airplane's engines caught fire.[111]
  • Pan Am Flight 845, a Boeing 747 taking off from San Francisco toward Tokyo, struck the Approach Lighting System (ALS) structures located past the end of the runway. The accident was the worst for a 747 "jumbo jet" since the aircraft line began operation on January 21, 1970.[112] The Federal Aviation Administration concluded that the 747 jet had been overloaded beyond its weight capacity, by as much as 25 tons. All aboard survived, but 13 were hospitalized and three were seriously injured, including one passenger whose foot was amputated, and another who had lost an arm.[113]
  • Apollo 15 made the fourth manned landing on the Moon at 6:16 p.m. Eastern time (2316 UTC), as astronauts David Scott and James Irwin descended in the lunar module "Falcon" and touched down at the eastern edge of the Mare Imbrium near the Hadley Rille.[114] Alfred Worden remained in orbit around the Moon.
  • The 1971 Pan American Games opened at Cali in Colombia.[115] The highlight of the opening ceremony was a synchronized dance routine by 12,000 girls in native costumes.
  • U.S. President Nixon renamed the Air Force One 707 presidential aircraft "Spirit of '76" as one of the initial activities of the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission in preparation for the 200th anniversary of the ratification of the American Declaration of Independence set for July 4, 1976.[116]

July 31, 1971 (Saturday)
  • At 1620 UTC (11:20 a.m. Eastern time in the U.S.), Apollo 15 astronaut David Scott became the first persons to drive a wheeled vehicle on the surface of the Moon, after landing the day before, and James Irwin rode along as a passenger. The two men drove roughly 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the landing site before returning after six hours and 34 minutes.[117] At 9:52 a.m. Eastern time (1442 UTC), Scott and Irwin removed Rover 1, the lunar rover, from the compartment below the module and unfolded it.[118][119]

References
  1. attribution: Quadell
  2. attribution: Phillip Pessar
  3. "New Postal Setup Goes Into Effect", The New York Times, July 2, 1971, p. 1
  4. "Making History: The sinking of HMS Artemis, 1971". BBC. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
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  6. "U.S. Announces Biggest Single Vietnam Pullout Yet", by Iver Peterson, The New York Times, July 2, 1971, p. 2
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  10. "Miss Goolagong Wins at Wimbledon", The New York Times, July 3, 1971, p. 1
  11. Christopher Chant (18 October 2013). The Handbook of British Regiments (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-1-134-64724-8.
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  13. "Indonesians Vote Today— On 992 of 13,667 Isles", The New York Times, July 3, 1971, p. 2
  14. "Indonesian elections, First Since 1955, Are Peaceful", by James P. Sterba, The New York Times, July 4, 1971, p. 1
  15. "Suharto's Party Clear Victor; His Reappointment in '73", by James P. Sterba, The New York Times, August 7, 1971, p. 2
  16. "A New British Official On Malta Is Appointed", The New York Times, July 4, 1971, p. 5
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  30. "Bon Vivant's Canned Food Is Being Recalled by U.S.", The New York Times, July 8, 1971, p. 1
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  42. attribution: Abdoulaye Diallo
  43. "Soldiers Attack Moroccan Palace; King Keeps Power", The New York Times, July 11, 1971, p. 1
  44. "10 Are Executed by Army in Rabat; 4 Generals Among Officers in Moroccan Mutiny to Face Firing Squad", by John L. Hess, The New York Times, July 14, 1971, p. 1
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  47. "Trevino Wins British Open by Stroke", The New York Times, July 11, 1971, p. 1
  48. "Samuel Bronfman, Founder of Distillers, Is Dead; His Concern Sells 114 Brands Throughout 119 Countries", The New York Times, July 12, 1971, p. 30
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  50. attribution: Harald Bischoff
  51. "2d Rodriguez Brother Is Killed by Crash— Pedro's Car Loses Tire", The New York Times, July 12, 1971, p. 35
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  58. "Fedayeen Report Big Attack by Jordan", The New York Times, July 14, 1971, p. 3
  59. "600-Foot Wallop By Last Minute Entry Reggie Jackson Leads AL All-Stars to Victory", by Ken Rappoport, Associated Press, Gettysburg (PA) Times, July 14, 1971, p. 22
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  63. "Pontifical Council Cor Unum for Human and Christian Development", "Pontifical Councils", Vatican website
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  66. "Obituary: Tyrone Guthrie", Palm Beach (FL) Post, May 16, 1971
  67. "Limited Power to Prince in Spain", Kansas City (MO) Star, July 16, 1971, p. 2
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  81. "Man imprisoned for being gay to get posthumous pardon from Trudeau", CBC News, February 28, 2016
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  83. "Sudanese Leader Reclaims Power After His Ouster— Libya Orders British Plane Down and Seizes 2 Rivals on Flight From London", by Raymond H. Anderson, The New York Times, July 23, 1971, p. 1
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  86. "Elks Parley Keeps Word 'White' In Its Membership Requirements", The New York Times, July 23, 1971, p. 12
  87. "Uruguayan House Votes to Impeach President Pacheco", The New York Times, July 24, 1971, p. 8
  88. "Peking's First Envoy in Ottawa— Huang Hua", The New York Times, July 24, 1971, p. 2
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  92. Aviation Safety Network
  93. "97 Reported Dead In Jetliner Crash At Siberian Airport", The New York Times, August 12, 1971, p. 5
  94. "Bangladesh hangs Islamist leader Kamaruzzaman for war crimes ‘worse than Nazis’", by Sumon Mahbub and Liton Haider, bdnews24.com (Bangladesh News 24 Hours Ltd., Dhaka), April 11, 2015
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  96. "History of City Government", City of Winnipeg website
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  98. Syeda Areeba Rasheed (30 June 2018), "Humayun Saeed Carries On", Slogan magazine (June 2018), vol. 23, no. 6, p. 33
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  101. "U.S. Spy Flights Over China to Avoid Incident— Missions Suspended to Bar Interference With Nixon Trip, Officials Assert", by William Beecher, The New York Times, July 29, 1971, p. 1
  102. "Industry Aide to Head Russian Republic", The New York Times, July 29, 1971, p. 10
  103. Barbara Sicherman; Carol Hurd Green (1980). Notable American Women: The Modern Period : a Biographical Dictionary. Harvard University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-674-62733-8.
  104. Charles N Hill (2 April 2001). Vertical Empire, A: The History Of The Uk Rocket And Space Programme, 1950-1971. World Scientific. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-78326-145-1.
  105. "Afghanistan Flood Toll Put at 1,000", The New York Times, July 30, 1971, p. 7
  106. "Tito Re-elected to a 5-Year Term", by Alfred Friendly, Jr., The New York Times, July 30, 1971, p. 2
  107. "Yugoslavs Install Premier Cabinet", The New York Times, July 31, 1971, p. 2
  108. "Malawi's Envoy Is First Black To Take Post in South Africa", The New York Times, July 30, 1971, p. 7
  109. 162 Die in Japan in Worst Air Crash on Record", The New York Times, July 31, 1971, p. 1
  110. "Pilot Arrested in Japanese Crash", The New York Times, August 1, 1971, p. 12
  111. "37 Killed in French Crash", The New York Times, July 31, 1971, p. 3
  112. "26 Hurt in San Francisco Take-Off Accident, Worst Mishap for a 747", The New York Times, July 31, 1971, p. 3
  113. "747 Jet in Mishap Called Too Heavy", by Richard Witkin, The New York Times, August 7, 1971, p. 9
  114. "Two Astronauts Land on Moon Near Mountains and a Canyon; Exploration Will Begin Today", The New York Times, July 31, 1971, p. 1
  115. "60,000 See Games Open at Cali", The New York Times, July 31, 1971, p. 17
  116. "Air Force 1 Is Named Spirit of '76 by Nixon", The New York Times, July 31, 1971, p. 10
  117. "Astronauts Explore Moon 6½ Hours, Drive Electric Car on Rough Terrain", by John Noble Wilford, The New York Times, August 1, 1971, p. 1
  118. "Two Tourists View the Moon", The New York Times, August 1, 1971, p. 1
  119. Dialogue and Universalism. Warsaw University, Centre of Universalism. 1996. p. 29.
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