September 1971

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September 13, 1971: Lin Biao, 2nd most powerful person in People's Republic of China, killed after attempting coup d'etat
September 9 - 13, 1971: Attica Prison uprising in New York state results in 43 deaths, including nine hostages
September 3, 1971: Emirate of Qatar proclaims independence
September 27, 1971: Hirohito becomes first Emperor to leave Japan, meets with U.S. President Nixon on September 26


The following events occurred in September 1971:

September 1, 1971 (Wednesday)
  • Voting took place simultaneously in Egypt, Syria and Libya on a referendum of whether to join the proposed Federation of Arab Republics. On paper ballots, citizens were to mark a red circle if they were in favor and a black circle of they were against the union, and participation in the voting was mandatory.[1] Voters approved the loose federation that would bring together 42 million of the 100 million Arab people in the Middle East, with a reported 96.4% approval in Syria, 98% in Libya, and "99.956%" in Egypt (meaning that only 422 out of 7,776,837 voted no).[2]
  • A radio broadcast from Qatar announced the intention of the rulers of the Arab sheikdom to declare independence, with the announcement that Qatar was going to terminate "special treaty relations and all agreements, engagements and arrangements arising therefrom that were concluded with the British government." [3]
  • The Pittsburgh Pirates fielded the first all-black lineup in Major League Baseball history, with six African-American players (Rennie Stennett, Gene Clines, Willie Stargell, Dave Cash, Al Oliver, and Dock Ellis) and three dark-skinned Hispanic players (Roberto Clemente, Manny Sanguillén and Jackie Hernández).[4] The Pirates beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 10 to 7, with the non-white lineup scoring five runs in the first inning.[5]
  • The "Prime Time Access Rule" went into effect on U.S. television, prohibiting the three national networks (ABC, CBS and NBC) from airing programs prior to 8:00 p.m. Eastern time on all nights except for Sunday.[6] The 7:30 to 8:00 time slot, formerly open for network shows, was reserved for the network affiliates to sell local commercial time.
  • Born: Hakan Şükür, Turkish footballer with 112 appearances for the Turkey National Team; in Sapanca, Sakarya Province [7][8]
  • Died: Assault, 28, American thoroughbred racehorse and 1946 Triple Crown winner, was humanely euthanized at the King Ranch in Kingsville, Texas after breaking his left front leg in a fall.[9]

September 2, 1971 (Thursday)
  • In announcing the results of the referendum on the Federation of Arab Republics, the Egyptian government ceased referring to the nation as the "United Arab Republic" for the first time in more than 13 years, and identified the country as "The Arab Republic of Egypt".[2]
  • Ten people were killed in a stampede in the city of Udaipur in India's Rajasthan state after thousands of people showed up in response to a dealership's announcement of a registration for purchase of motor scooters. At the time, the demand for motorized transportation exceeded the available supply to the extent that the waiting time for delivery was an average of nine years after registration.[10]

September 3, 1971 (Friday)
Qatar
  • Qatar gained independence from the United Kingdom, under the leadership of the Emir Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani. Qatar declined to become part of the United Arab Emirates after being unable to reach a favorable agreement about its status within a union.[11]
  • Michael McConnell and Jack Baker, a librarian and a law student, respectively, at the University of Minnesota, became the first-ever legally married same-sex couple in modern history after obtaining a marriage license from the county clerk's office in Mankato in Blue Earth County, and then having the ceremony performed by a Methodist minister, Reverend Roger Lynn, at the minister's home.[12][13] The two men had an ongoing lawsuit, Baker v. Nelson, arising from the denial of a license in Hennepin County, and went to another county during the pendency of the litigation. While the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear the case arising from Hennepin County, the couple's marriage in Blue Earth County was never challenged.
The corridors across East Germany [14]
  • The Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin was signed by the leading foreign affairs representatives of the four Allied powers of World War II, Alec Douglas-Home of the United Kingdom, Maurice Schumann of France, Andrei Gromyko of the Soviet Union, and U.S. Secretary of State William P. Rogers, with the Soviets respecting the existence of a West Berlin surrounded entirely by East Germany, and the "corridors" between West Berlin and West Germany.[15][16]
  • In the United States, Northwest Orient Airlines was acquired and merged into National Airlines.[17]
  • Under the authorization of U.S. presidential adviser John Ehrlichman, a team of burglars who would later coordinate the Watergate burglary, broke into the office of Dr. Lewis Fielding, a psychiatrist in Washington who was treating former U.S. Department of Defense employee Daniel Ellsberg, who had leaked the "Pentagon Papers" to the press earlier in the year. The burglars were able to locate Ellsberg's file but were not able to find any useful information.[18]
  • Sergei Kourdakov, a former agent of the Soviet Union's KGB and an officer on a trawler, defected to Canada while the ship, the Elagin, was anchored in the Vancouver harbor. Kourdakov would be granted political asylum by Canada, but would be found dead from a gunshot wound on January 1, 1973.[19]
The late Eva Perón
  • The embalmed body of Eva "Evita" Perón, concealed by Argentina since the 1955 overthrow and exile of President Juan Perón, was returned to Mr. Perón in Spain. The location of the Evita, who had died of cancer in 1952 after seven years as First Lady of Argentina, had been a mystery for 16 years, relocated to avoid the possibility that Peronists would make a shrine of Evita's burial place. Instead, the remains of Evita, held in a silver coffin, had been in Italy "in a small cemetery near Rome".[20]
  • Manlio Brosio resigned as NATO Secretary General.[21]
  • Long distance telephone service was restored between the United States and the People's Republic of China, almost three years after the link had been abruptly terminated in November 1968. The AT&T company said that calls could be made between 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Eastern time, corresponding with 9:00 p.m. to 9:00 a.m. in Beijing, at a rate of a minimum of $12 for a call of up to three minutes, $4 for each additional minute.[22]

September 4, 1971 (Saturday)

September 5, 1971 (Sunday)
  • Seven people were killed and 20 injured in the destruction of a church in the Portuguese village of Vilar Maior, near Sabugal, when fireworks stockpiled in the church exploded. The village was preparing for its annual festival and had stored the explosives at the building.[33]
  • The All-Ireland Hurling Championship was played before 61,393 people at Croke Park in Dublin and was won by Tipperary over Kilkenny on the strength of 17 points to 14 points, each team having scored five 3-point goals.[34]

September 6, 1971 (Monday)
  • The crash of Paninternational Flight 112 killed 21 passengers and one crew member, out of 121 people on board. The BAC One-Eleven jet's engines failed shortly after takeoff from Hamburg in West Germany and the pilots made an emergency landing on Autobahn 7, where the plane lost both wings after passing under a bridge and burst into flames.[35]
  • The Tupamaros terrorist group in Uruguay freed 105 of its members from the maximum security penitentiary in the Punta Carretas section of Montevideo, including Tupamaros founder Raul Sendic and five other inmates, after digging a 40 feet (12 m) long tunnel from a house located across the street from the prison. On July 17, the Tupamaros had freed 39 women from another jail in Montevideo by digging upward from a sewer underneath a prison cell.[36]
  • The Coney Island Amusement Park in Cincinnati, Ohio, closed at the end of the U.S. Labor Day weekend after 84 years.[37] Most of its rides became the core of the new Kings Island theme park that would open in 1972.
  • The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) announced that it was banning the U.S. educational children's TV program Sesame Street from broadcast in the UK because of the "authoritarian aims" of the show. Monica Sims, the director of children's television programming on BBC, told reporters "Educationalists in America have questioned the value of 2-, 3- and 4-year olds' acquiring knowledge in a passive, uninvolved fashion, and have criticised the program's essentially middle-class attitudes, its lack of reality and its attempt to prepare children for school but not for life. I share some of these doubts and am particularly worried about the program's authoritarian aims." The Independent Television Authority announced afterward that it would show Sesame Street on ITV stations on Saturday mornings for 30 weeks beginning on September 25.[38]
  • Born: Dolores O'Riordan, Irish singer, in Ballybricken, County Limerick (died 2018)[39]

September 7, 1971 (Tuesday)
  • The Equality Statute between Brazil and Portugal was agreed upon by both nations, in a unique relationship giving Brazilian residents of Portugal and Portuguese residents of Brazil most of the same rights as citizens. The treaty would be ratified by both nations and enter into force on April 22, 1972.[40][41]
  • The collapse of a 1,285 feet (392 m) tall television broadcasting tower at Shoreview, Minnesota, killed six ironworkers who were on the structure, and a superintendent who was watching from below. The tower was used by TV stations WCCO-TV and WTCN-TV and served the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul. Two men inside the WCCO transmitter building were injured.[42][43]
  • Born: Jean-Yves Thibaudet, French pianist, in Lyon
  • Died: Spring Byington, 84, American film and television actress known as the star of the TV show December Bride [44]

September 8, 1971 (Wednesday)
The Kennedy Center
  • In Washington, D.C., the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts was dedicated with the première of Leonard Bernstein's Mass. A critic commented the next day that "The capital of this nation finally strode into the Cultural Age tonight," and noted that "The rich, celebrated and powerful flocked to the world premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass in the gigantic marble temple to music, dance and drama on the Potomac's edge." [45]
  • What would later be determined to have been the triggering event of the deadly Attica Prison riot began from "a misunderstanding" in the prison yard at 3:45 in the afternoon when a white inmate, Ray Lamorie, was showing a black inmate, Leroy Dewer, potential moves for the prison football team that both were members of. A guard, Lt. Richard Mulroney, mistook the demonstration for a fight and put his hand on Dewer's shoulder, and Dewer instinctively turned around and struck Mulroney. Other guards detained Dewer and Lamorie, and a rumor spread that the two inmates had been beaten. Lamorie's friends then [46]

September 9, 1971 (Thursday)

September 10, 1971 (Friday)

September 11, 1971 (Saturday)
  • The unmanned Soviet lunar probe Luna 18 reached the Moon but crashed as a landing was attempted in a mountainous area of the Mare Fecunditatis. The TASS news agency conceded the failure, commenting that "the moon landing in these difficult topographical conditions was unlucky." [56]
  • Egypt reverted to its original name after 13 years of having called itself the United Arab Republic (UAR), as voters approved a new constitution in a referendum. From 1958 to 1961, Egypt and Syria were merged as the UAR, but Syria had departed the union on October 13, 1961.
  • Nineteen black South African school children when their school bus was struck by a truck in the town of Bronkhorstspruit, 50 miles (80 km) east of Pretoria.[57]
  • The Jordanian National Liberation Movement began operations with a bomb placed outside the security police building in Abdali (Amman). Two policemen were injured.
"Special pensioner" Khrushchev (1894—1971)
  • Died: Nikita Khrushchev, 77, de facto leader of the Soviet Union as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 until he was deposed in 1964, and de jure leader of the Soviet government from 1958 to 1964 as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.[58] The Soviet government acknowledged Khrushchev's death two days later with a small obituary in Pravda and an announcement by the TASS agency that said "The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist party and the Council of Ministers of the U.S.S.R. announce with sorrow that on Sept. 11, 1971, after a severe and long illness, the former First Secretary of the Central Committee and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, special pensioner Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, died in his 78th year." [59]

September 12, 1971 (Sunday)
  • The "Baker Street robbery" of ₤500,000 ($1,235,000) of cash from the Baker Street branch of Lloyds Bank in London, was completed by a gang of seven thieves who had burrowed into the bank vault after starting a tunnel from a vacant shop next door.[60] Although police at Scotland Yard had been alerted by an alarm at 11:20 on Saturday night, and a ham radio operator had called police at 2:00 in the morning after picking up the conversations of the gang members from half a mile away, the Scotland Yard detectives waited until noon, after the radio transmissions had stopped to ask for outside assistance. British Post Office officials, who would have been able to provide radio-detector vans to trace locate the origin of the signals, criticized Scotland Yard for its handling of the investigation. Police, instead, checked all banks within a 10 miles (16 km) radius of the Marylebone area of London and discovered on Monday morning that the Baker Street branch had been robbed.[61]
  • A concert by Funkadelic was recorded, to be released 25 years later as Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971.[62]
  • The Sigma experimental glider flew for the first time at Cranfield, UK.

September 13, 1971 (Monday)
  • Marshal Lin Biao of the People's Republic of China, the Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Vice Premier, second in power only to Chairman Mao Zedong and designated since 1966 as Mao's successor, was killed in a plane crash, along with eight other people. According to the explanation given by the Chinese Communist Party, Lin and other plotters had been attempting to carry out Project 571, a coup d'etat that would have overthrown Mao and installed Lin as leader of the world's largest nation. Lin allegedly was attempting to flee the country after the failure of a coup and the Chinese government Trident 1-E jet in which he was riding crashed in Mongolia after running out of fuel.[63] The Chinese government remained silent about Lin's disappearance, and intelligence reports would not reach the West for two months. [64]
  • The Attica Prison uprising ended with the deaths of 37 people— nine hostages and 28 prison inmates — after New York State Correction Commissioner Russell G. Oswald gave the order, after clearance from Governor Nelson Rockefeller, for the prison grounds to be retaken by law enforcement officers. At 9:46 in the morning, two National Guard CH-34 helicopters dropped tear gas into the yard of Cellblock D and at the order of State Bureau of Criminal Investigation Captain Henry Williams, a force of 1,000 drawn from the New York State Police, sheriffs' deputies from 16 counties, and prison guards charged.[65] The day after the retaking of Attica, the State of New York revealed that all nine of the dead hostages had been killed by gunfire from the rescue team.[66]
  • A 200-vehicle pileup on the M6 motorway in England killed ten people and injured 70 more in the worst auto accident in British history up to that time.[67] The accident happened when a thick fog enveloped the Thelwall Viaduct at Lymm, Warrington, and faster vehicles that sped into the fog crashed into slower-moving vehicles.[68]
  • Pope Paul VI decreed a revision of the Roman Catholic ritual of confirmation, with the requirement that the process (the conferring of "the fullness of privileges gained by baptism and of the grace that will provide strength for the profession of the faith") would be accompanied by the anointing the confirmand delivering the Latin phrase Accipe signaculum doni spiritus sancti ("Receive the sign of the gift of the Holy Spirit").[69]
  • Born: Goran Ivanišević, Croatian tennis player and the 2001 Wimbledon men's singles champion; in Split [70]

September 14, 1971 (Tuesday)
  • Transmission from the Soviet Union's unmanned lunar rover Lunokhod 1 ceased permanently, ten months after the mobile craft had made a soft-landing in the Mare Imbrium on November 17, 1970. The solar-powered transmitter had regularly shut down during periods of "lunar night", during the time that the lunar surface was dark during the new moon phase as seen from Earth, and then restarted when the rover was again in sunlight. After fruitless results in trying to re-establish contact, ground control in the USSR discontinued further attempts to get a return signal on October 4.[71]
  • Died: Tarashankar Bandopadhyay, 73, Bengali novelist

September 15, 1971 (Wednesday)
  • Having successfully raised awareness for forest fire prevention through its cartoon character Smokey Bear, the United States Forest Service introduced Woodsy Owl and the slogan "Give a hoot! Don't pollute" for its anti-pollution public service announcement advertisements.[72]
  • A group of 94 Roman Catholic Bishops and 151 priests, led by the Archbishop of Toledo, Cardinal Vicente Enrique y Tarancón, met in Madrid and approved 53 resolutions calling for the establishment of human freedoms and for social and economic justice, as well as for an end to the partnership between the Spanish Roman Catholic Church and the Government of Spain. Approval of the resolutions required a two-thirds majority, in a meeting nprecedented in Spain in its challenge to the dictatorship of Generalissimo Francisco Franco. In what one reporter called "perhaps the most dramatic and historically significant moment of the assembly", a majority of the clergy (though not two-thirds) voted in favor of a resolution that would have offered an apology by the Church for its actions during the Spanish Civil War in 1936.[73]
  • At least 15 people were killed and 57 injured in an explosion at a French-owned South Vietnamese nightclub in Saigon. While South Vietnamese police blamed the Communist Viet Cong for setting the bomb, some local business owners said that the bomb had been placed by South Vietnamese soldiers of the ARVN who were extorting "protection money" from the nightclub.[74]
  • Larry Yount became the only pitcher in Major League Baseball history to appear in the official record books without ever throwing a pitch to a batter. Yount was called to the mound as his Houston Astros were losing to the Atlanta Braves in the ninth inning, and was throwing the warmup pitches allowed for an incoming pitcher, but injured his elbow and was pulled back out of the game.

September 16, 1971 (Thursday)
  • All 49 people aboard Malév Flight 110 were killed as the Hungarian Tupolev Tu-134 airliner approached Kiev after its departure from Budapest.[75]
  • The publishers of Look magazine, a biweekly U.S. periodical with a combination of photos and text similar to the higher-circulation Life magazine, announced that the October 19, 1971 issue of Look would be the last after a run of almost 35 years. Gardner Cowles, chairman of the board of Cowles Communications, said that the publication lost five million dollars in advertising revenues in 1970 and had been operating at a loss for all of 1971.[76]
  • Three Japanese police officers were killed, 34 hospitalized, and about 110 others suffered minor injuries in student rioting associated with the "Sanrizuka Struggle", arising from the seizure of 2,663 acres (1,078 ha) or more than four square miles of farmland, and the eviction of its residents for construction of the Narita International Airport to serve as a second airport for Tokyo. An estimated 5,000 protesters and a slightly larger number of police clashed as that last six farms, totaling 35 acres (14 ha) were to be taken by force.[77] In 1966, the Japanese government selected the site of the new airport as the land in Chiba Prefecture upon which the village of Sanrizuka sat. By 1970, all but six of the families remaining in the area had accepted a government buyout. The next day, a force of 1,200 riot police raided the headquarters of the different protest groups in search of suspects to be charged with murder, and seized control of the Narita airport site without further resistance.[78]

September 17, 1971 (Friday)

September 18, 1971 (Saturday)

September 19, 1971 (Sunday)

September 20, 1971 (Monday)

September 21, 1971 (Tuesday)
  • Elections were held in Denmark for the 179 seats of the unicameral parliament, the Folketing. The coalition of Radikale Venstre (Radical Liberals Party) of Prime Minister Hilmar Baunsgaard lost its control of the Folketing and Jens Otto Krag of the Socialdemokraterne (Social Democrats) formed a new government.
  • The U.S. Senate voted, 55 to 30, to extend the draft of American men into the U.S. Armed Forces for an additional 18 months. Originally scheduled to expire at the end of the year, the conscription of 18-year-old males would continue until June 30, 1973.[92] U.S. President Nixon, who had requested the additional draft, signed the bill into law a week later.[93]
  • The first interleague exhibition game between a National Basketball Association (NBA) team and an American Basketball Association (ABA) team was played, as the NBA champion Milwaukee Bucks defeated the host Dallas Chapparrals (who later became the San Antonio Spurs), 106 to 103.[94]
  • Irene Belletti of the Province of Udine in Italy was found murdered, with multiple stab wounds, the first of 14 women killed in the province over 17 years and possibly the first victim of "The Monster of Udine".[95]
  • Born: David Phillip Vetter, American hospital patient who became known as "The Bubble Boy" because his severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome prevented him from risking exposure to the outside world; in Houston (d. 1984) [96]
  • Died:
    • Bernardo Houssay, 84, Argentine physiologist and 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine laureate for his discovery of the role of pituitary hormones in regulating blood sugar
    • Call Cobbs Jr., 60, American jazz pianist, was killed by a hit and run driver in the Bronx.

September 22, 1971 (Wednesday)

September 23, 1971 (Thursday)
  • John Marshall Harlan became the second Associate Justice to retire from the U.S. Supreme Court because of illness, stepping down six days after Hugo Black had quit for the same reason.[97] The departure of Harlan, the second justice of that name and a grandson of 19th-century justice John Marshall Harlan, left the Supreme Court with seven sitting justices less than two weeks before the Court was to start its new term.

September 24, 1971 (Friday)
  • The United Kingdom expelled 105 Soviet diplomatic officials and trade representatives whom they had learned were spies. Fifteen of the named persona non grata were out of the country at the time and were prohibited from re-entry and the other 90 were directed to leave within 24 hours. At the time, there were 550 officials in various Soviet diplomatic and trade missions in the UK.[98] The British MI-5 intelligence agency had been alerted to the identity of the 105 members of the Soviet KGB and GRU espionage agencies by Soviet defector Oleg Lyalin. The expulsion marked the single biggest action taken against the Soviet Union by any western government up to that time.[99]

September 25, 1971 (Saturday)
  • The U.S. Emergency Detention Act, part of the McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950, was repealed as the Non-Detention Act of 1971 was signed into law by U.S. President Nixon.[100] The Emergency Detention Act had never been used in the 21 years of its existence [101]
  • The 30-member Senate of Ceylon met for the last time, bringing an end to the bicameral legislature that had operated in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) since its independence in 1947. One week later, royal assent was given to the 8th Amendment to the 1947 Constitution, abolishing the Senate and leaving the 157-member House of Representatives as a unicameral parliament.[102][103] Eight months later, a new constitution would change the nation's name and form of government and make the National State Assembly of the Republic of Sri Lanka the nation's unicameral parliament.
  • The Victorian Football League Grand Final, championship of Australian rules football, was played before a crowd of 118,192 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The Hawthorn Hawks overcame a 20-point deficit in the fourth quarter to defeat the St Kilda Saints by one goal and one behind (7 points), 12.10 to 11.9 (or 82 to 75).
  • In Australia, Derek Clayton won his third men's national marathon title, clocking 2:11:08.8 in Hobart.
  • Died: Hugo Black, 85, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court since 1937, died eight days after announcing his retirement from the court.[104][105] 1

September 26, 1971 (Sunday)
  • Popular Egyptian Arab Rashad al-Shawwa took office as Mayor of Gaza City after being appointed by the Israeli military government in the occupied Gaza Strip, after eight months of Israeli administration that followed the ouster of former mayor Ragheb el-Alami. The military governor, Brigadier General Yitzhak Pundak announced the selection of Shawwa in response to petitions signed by several thousand Arab residents of Gaza.[106]
  • Elections were held for half of the 566 seats of the Senate of France.
  • "Freetown Christiania" (Fristaden Christiana), a commune, was founded in Copenhagen by squatters who took over a former Army of Denmark military barracks at Bådsmandsstræde.[107]

September 27, 1971 (Monday)
  • Hirohito became the first reigning Emperor of Japan to go outside of that nation, departing from Tokyo on a chartered Japan Air Lines DC-8 jet at 9:32 in the morning local time (0032 UTC) for his flight to the United States and Elmendorf Air Force Base in Anchorage, Alaska.[108] Because his flight crossed the International Date Line, Hirohito departed on Monday morning and, after a flight of 8 hours and 23 minutes, arrived on Sunday night in Anchorage at 10:45 local time (0845 UTC and 5:45 in the evening Tokyo time September 27), and was greeted by U.S. President Nixon.[109] After the DC-8 was refueled, Hirohito departed Anchorage at 11:45 Sunday night local time (0945 UTC Monday) and flew to Denmark, arriving in Copenhagen at 6:15 p.m. Monday (1615 UTC).[110] In 1921, Hirohito had become the first crown prince of Japan to travel to Europe.
  • UK Prime Minister Edward Heath hosted a closed meeting with Irish Republic Prime Minister Jack Lynch and with Brian Faulkner, Prime Minister of the Northern Ireland province within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland at Chequers, the official country residence near Ellesborough, Buckinghamshire of British prime ministers, where three men met for two days in a conference to attempt to resolve the crisis in Northern Ireland.[111]
  • Died: Wilhelm Simon, 71, convicted German war criminal and an administrator at the Buchenwald concentration camp and the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. After a nine year imprisonment ending in 1954, Simon worked as a salesman and died in obscurity.[112]

September 28, 1971 (Tuesday)
Cardinal Mindszenty

September 29, 1971 (Wednesday)
Un parcmètre français [122]
  • Parking meters were ordered installed in the city of Paris for the first time in its 1700 year history.[123]
  • Julio Hirschfeld Almada, Mexico's Federal Aviation Director and a millionaire industrialist, was released by kidnappers after his family paid a $240,000 ransom for his release.[124]
  • Elections were held in Spain for a portion of the seats in the symbolic Spanish unicameral parliament, the Cortes Españolas, the last during the autocratic reign of Generalissimo Francisco Franco. Four-fifths of the seats were "designated, directly or indirectly, by the authorities" but, for the 230 candidates were on the ballot for 104 available seats.[125] The Cortes Españolas had only an advisory function, but no power over government spending, and the cabinet, appointed and dismissed by Franco alone, retained real legislative authority, but the 104 seats were considered "significant in being the only group in the regime that is democratically chosen.[125]
  • Died: George A. Garrett, 83, the first U.S. Ambassador to Ireland [126]

September 30, 1971 (Thursday)
  • The Agreement on Measures to Reduce the Risk of Nuclear War was signed in Washington by U.S. Secretary of State William P. Rogers and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, with the two nations agreeing to notify each other immediately in the event of an accidental, unauthorized or unexplained incident that could increase the risk of nuclear war.[127][128] In addition to the agreement on averting nuclear war, Rogers and Gromyko also signed an agreement to modernize the Moscow–Washington hotline by adding two additional circuit connected to a satellite communications system, and teletype terminals to supplement the existing telephone.[129]
  • Japan's largest chemical company, Showa Denko, paid compensation equivalent to of $810,000 to representatives of 77 victims of Niigata Minamata disease, caused by mercury poisoning from industrial waste that had been dumped by Showa Denko's insecticide factory, into the Agano River. The payment came a day after the Niigata District Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs and the families of seven who had died, and Showa Denko declined to appeal. All of the victims had suffered poisoning after eating contaminated fish caught in the Agano River.[130]
Paul Casanova, one of the last baseball Senators
  • P. V. Narasimha Rao, who would later become the Prime Minister of India, was appointed to his first major executive job as the new Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.[131][132]
  • The Washington Senators baseball team played their last game in Washington before their move to the Dallas-Fort Worth area to become the Texas Rangers. Thousands of fans entered the ground without paying, the security guards having left early, swelling the paid attendance of 14,460 to a paid and unpaid attendance of 25,000. With the Senators leading 7 to 5 and two outs in the top of the ninth inning, several hundred youths raided the field for souvenirs. One man stole first base, and umpire crew chief Jim Honochick declared the game a 9 to 0 forfeit to the New York Yankees.[133][134]

References
  1. "3 Arab Nations Vote on a Union", by Raymond H. Anderson, The New York Times, September 2, 1971, p. 3
  2. "Federation Is Approved By Vote in Arab Nations", The New York Times, September 2, 1971, p. 2
  3. "Sheikdom of Qatar Declares Independence From Britain", The New York Times, September 2, 1971, p. 3
  4. "All-Black Bucco Lineup Could Be History Maker— Starting Unit Paces 10-7 Victory", UPI report in Latrobe (PA) Bulletin, September 2, 1971, p. 15
  5. "Honoring First All-Minority Lineup", The New York Times, September 17, 2006, p. S-2
  6. "The Fall 1974 That Wasn't, TVObscurities.com
  7. "Meet Hakan Sukur", The Guardian (London), December 4, 2002
  8. "Hakan Şükür". Turkish Football Federation. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  9. "'46 Triple Crown winner, Assault, dies at age 28", Louisville (KY) Courier-Journal, September 2, 1971, p. C-5
  10. "10 Killed in Indian Stampede", The New York Times, September 3, 1971, p. 2
  11. Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Kuwait regarding relations between the United ... Exchange of Notes concerning the Termination of Special Treaty Relations ... Northern Ireland and the State of Qatar, 3 September 1971
  12. "Wedding: 2 'U' homosexuals wed in ceremony", Minneapolis Star, September 7, 1971, p. 1
  13. "The Same-Sex Couple Who Got a Marriage License in 1971", The New York Times, May 17, 2015
  14. attribution:Leerlaufprozess
  15. "Big Four Sign Agreement On Status of West Berlin", by David Binder, The New York Times, September 4, 1971, p. 1
  16. M.E. Sarotte, Dealing with the Devil: East Germany, Detente & Ostpolitik, 1969-73 (University of North Carolina Press) p.164
  17. "Northwest Orient And National Agree On Airline Merger", The New York Times, September 4, 1971, p. 1
  18. "The Break-In That History Forgot", by Egil Krogh, The New York Times, June 30, 2007
  19. "Political refugee turns evangelist – Russian deplores loss of God here", by Linda Diebel, Montreal Gazette, June 19, 1972
  20. "Argentina Returns Body of Eva Peron To Exiled Husband", The New York Times, September 4, 1971, p. 1
  21. NATO Declassified - Manlio Brosio (biography)
  22. "China-U.S. Phone Link, Cut in '68, Is Resumed", The New York Times, September 3, 1971, p. 2
  23. "Alaska Airlines - HistoryLink.org". Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  24. "All 109 Are Killed as Jetliner Hits Alaska Mountain", The New York Times, September 5, 1971, p. 1
  25. Aviation Safety Network
  26. "Concorde Crosses Atlantic in 2 Hours", Wilmington (DE) News Journal, September 4, 1971, p. 1
  27. "Yemen's Premier Resigns After Two‐Week Regime", The New York Times, September 5, 1971, p. 6
  28. "A Phone Snarl, a Murder, An Exiled Yemen Premier"], The New York Times, September 7, 1971, p. 1
  29. "Two Ships Collide, Crewmen Rescued", Des Moines (IA) Register, September 6, 1971, p. 1
  30. "Mysterious Flour Bomb Falls in Dodger Infield", Long Beach (CA) Press-Courier, September 5, 1971, p. 11
  31. "Flour 'Bomb' Enlivens Dodger Win", by Ron Rapoport, Los Angeles Times, p. D-1
  32. "The Nation", Los Angeles Times, September 6, 1971, p. 2
  33. "Fireworks Kill 7 at Portuguese Church", Reuters report in Des Moines (IA) Register, September 6, 1971, p. 7
  34. "When Tipp edged Keher-inspired Kilkenny in 10-goal final thriller", by Peter McNamara, The Irish Examiner, September 2, 2016
  35. Aviation Safety Network
  36. "Tupamaros Tunnel to Uruguay Prison and Free 111", The New York Times, September 7, 1971, p. 10
  37. "Cincinnati's Coney Island To Close for Good Tonight", Miami Herald, September 6, 1971, p. 17
  38. "B.B.C. Orders Ban On 'Sesame Street, The New York Times, September 8, 1971, p. 1
  39. Lentz III, Harris M. (2019). McFarland & Company Incorporated (ed.). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2018 (Lentz's Performing Arts Obituaries) (Biographical Dictionary). Book 25. Arkansas: McFarland & Company. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-476-67033-1. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020.
  40. "Decreto Legislativo No. 82, de 1971", Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Article 44
  41. "O Estatuto da Igualdade entre Brasil e Portugal", Diario de Lisboa
  42. "TV antenna collapses; 7 dead, 2 hurt", Boston Globe, September 8, 1971, p. 2
  43. "Cause of TV tower fall that killed 7 unknown", by Greg Pinney, Minneapolis Tribune, September 8, 1971, p. 1A
  44. "Spring Byington", Los Angeles Times Hollywood Star Walk
  45. "Glittering Audience Attends Kennedy Center's Opening", by Nan Robertson, The New York Times, September 9, 1971, p. 1
  46. "The Attica Revolt: Hour By Hour— A Misunderstanding Sparked Uprising Where 41 Died", The New York Times, October 4, 1971, p. 1, 44
  47. "Attica Correctional Facility: 1971 Prison Riot". Attica Central School District. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-10-04.
  48. "Dean Sticks To Story Under Questioning— He Reveals 'Enemy List'", Des Moines (IA) Register, June 27, 1973, p. 1
  49. "British Envoy, Freed by Guerrillas, Leaves Uruguay", by Joseph Novitski, The New York Times, September 9, 1971, p. 2
  50. "Heath's Secret Deal to Free Ambassador", The Daily Telegraph, January 1, 2002
  51. "Barbados General Election Results - 9 September 1971", CaribbeanElections.com
  52. "A Case Study on Star Publications", by Karunaharan Selvanayagam (Universiti Putra Malaysia, 1999)
  53. "F.C.C. Authorizes Cable Firm in City To Operate Pay TV", The New York Times, September 11, 1971
  54. Bishop, Chris. Huey Cobra Gunships. Osprey Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-84176-984-3.
  55. "Unlikely crusader left mark", by Cary Clack, MySanAntonio.com, April 2, 2011
  56. "Luna 18's Signal Is Lost on Moon", The New York Times, September 12, 1971, p. 1
  57. "19 Children Die in Bus Crash", The New York Times, September 13, 1971, p. 3
  58. "Khrushchev Is Dead at 77", The New York Times, September 12, 1971, p. 1
  59. "Soviet Announces Khrushchev Deat In Cool Language", by Bernard Gwertzman, The New York Times, September 13, 1971, p. 1
  60. Tom Pettifor (16 February 2008). "Bank job that opened the door on a royal sex scandal". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 13 November 2008.
  61. "A Radio Ham Tunes in London Police To Tape of $1.2 Million Bank Robbery", by Bernard Weinraub, The New York Times, September 13, 1971, p. 3
  62. Liner notes to Live: Meadowbrook, Rochester, Michigan – 12th September 1971 by Rob Bowman, 1996.
  63. "Solving a Chinese Puzzle: Lin Biao's Final Days and Death, After Two Decades of Intrigue", by Peter Hannam and Susan V. Lawrence, U.S. News & World Report, January 23, 1994
  64. "China Said to Tell of Lin's Downfall— Officials Reported Informing Party Units Across Nation", The New York Times, November 17, 1971, p. 11
  65. "9 Hostages and 28 Prisoners Die as 1,000 Storm Prison in Attica; 28 Rescued, Scores Are Injured", The New York Times, September 14, 1971, p. 1, 28
  66. "Autopsies Show Shots Killed 9 Attica Hostages; Not Knives; State Official Admits Mistake", by Fred Ferretti, The New York Times, September 15, 1971, p. 1
  67. "Weatherwatch: September mists and fogs", by Jeremy Plester, The Guardian (London), September 21, 2011
  68. "Pile-Up of 200 Cars on English Superhighway Kills 10", The New York Times, September 14, 1971, p. 3
  69. "Pope Revises the Rite of Confirmation", by Paul Hofmann, The New York Times, September 14, 1971, p. 2
  70. Ivanišević/overview September 1971 at the Association of Tennis Professionals
  71. "Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, by Asif A. Siddiqi (NASA.gov) pp. 97-98
  72. "Woodsy Owl at 40", by Harald Fuller-Bennett and Iris Velez, Forest History Today (Spring 2012)
  73. "Spanish Church Assembly Asks End of Ties to State", by Richard Eder, The New York Times, September 17, 1971, p. 3
  74. "Saigon Nightclub Blast Kills 15 and Injures 57", The New York Times, September 16, 1971, p. 4
  75. Aviation Safety Network
  76. "Cowles Closing Look Magazine After 34 Years", The New York Times, September 17, 1971, p. 1
  77. "3 Japanese Policemen Die, 150 Are Hurt As 5,000 Battle Students at Airport Site", by James P. Sterba, The New York Times, September 17, 1971, p. 3
  78. "Tokyo Airport Site Cleared by Police", The New York Times, September 18, 1971, p. 10
  79. Ronald H. Chilcote (8 September 2014). Intellectuals and the Search for National Identity in Twentieth-Century Brazil. Cambridge University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-107-07162-9.
  80. "Lance Armstrong Fast Facts", CNN.com
  81. The Running Encyclopedia, ed. by Richard Benyo and Joe Henderson (Human Kinetics, 2002) p. 290
  82. Brainy History
  83. "Salman Shah festival at BFDC", The Daily Star (Dhaka), September 29, 2016
  84. "Albright, William Foxwell (1891–1971)", by Leona G. Running, in Dictionary of Major Biblical Interpreters, ed. by Donald K. McKim (InterVarsity Press, 2007) pp. 103–107
  85. "Romana Acosta Bañuelos, first Latina U.S. treasurer and Mexican American pioneer, dies at 92", Los Angeles Times, January 22, 2018
  86. "U.S. Is Preparing Pentagon Papers; A Declassified Version Is to Be Issued 'Shortly'", The New York Times, September 21, 1971, p. 7
  87. "Larsson, Henrik", in The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2007–08, Barry J. Hugman, ed. (Mainstream Publishing, 2007) p. 241
  88. "George Seferis Dies at 71; Poet W on '63 Nobel Prize", The New York Times, September 21, 1971
  89. id=gwUhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9nUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1158,2954769&dq=louis-schweitzer&hl=en "Louis Schweitzer Dies On Ship Returning Home", The Hour (Norwalk, CT), September 21, 1971, p. 6
  90. "Lionel Lindon", Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers
  91. Raevuori, Antero (ed.) (1982). Reipas - tuhkimotarina [Reipas - a Cinderella story]. Suuri suomalainen ravikirja. WSOY. pp. 60–62. ISBN 951-0-11192-9.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  92. "Senate Approves Draft Bill, 55-30; President to Sign", The New York Times, September 22, 1971, p. 1
  93. "Draft Act Signed, Pay Rise Frozen", The New York Times, September 29, 1971, p. 15
  94. "All-Time ABA vs. NBA Exhibition Game Results", RemembertheABA.com
  95. "In un ventennio 14 omicidi e 3 arresti" ("In twenty years, 14 murders and 3 arrests), Il Messaggero Veneto (Udine), January 27, 2012
  96. "The Boy in the Bubble", American Experience (PBS), April 10, 2006
  97. "Harlan Retires; Nixon Hints Poff Is a Court Choice", The New York Times, September 24, 1971, p. 1
  98. "British Expel 90 Russians for Espionage Activities; Deny Re-Entry to 15 More— K.G.B. Defector Gave Data That Became Basis for Action", by Anthony Lewis, The New York Times, September 25, 1971, p. 1
  99. Richard Trahair, ed., Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations (Enigma Books, 2012) p. 231
  100. Gerhard Peters; John T. Woolley. "Richard Nixon: "Statement on Signing Bill Repealing the Emergency Detention Act of 1950.," September 25, 1971". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  101. "Detention Camps Opposed by House; 356-49 Vote Backs Repeal of a Never-Used Law for Holding Suspects in War", by Marjorie Hunter, The New York Times, September 15, 1971, p. 1
  102. "Abolition of Ceylon's Senate", The New York Times, October 4, 1971, p. 30
  103. K. T. Rajasingham, Sri Lanka: The Untold Story (Asia Times Publishing, 2002)
  104. "Justice Black, 85, Quits High Court, Citing His Health", The New York Times, September 18, 1971, p. 1
  105. "Justice Black Dies at 85; Served on Court 34 Years; Civil Liberties Advocate Retired on Sept. 17— Suffered a Stroke", The New York Times, September 25, 1971, p.
  106. "Israelis Appoint Arab As the Mayor of Gaza", The New York Times, September 24, 1971, p. 2
  107. "Christiania" (in Danish). Archived from the original on December 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-11., facsimiles of 'Hovedbladet', Jacob Ludvigsen's website
  108. "Hirohito's Journey to U.S. Ends an Ancient Tradition", by Richard Halloran, The New York Times, September 27, 1971, p. 12
  109. "Nixon in Alaska to See Hirohito at U.S. Air Base", by Robert B. Semple, Jr., The New York Times, September 27, 1971, p. 1
  110. "Hirohito in Copenhagen at Start of Tour", by John M. Lee, The New York Times, September 28, 1971, p. 3
  111. "3 Prime Ministers Confer on Ulster— Heath Is Meeting Faulkner and Lynch for 2 Days in Tight Secrecy", by Anthony Lewis, The New York Times, September 28, 1971, p. 1
  112. Ernst Klee, Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945 (2007) p. 584
  113. "Mindszenty Leaves Hungary, Goes to Rome", The New York Times, September 29, 1971, p. 1
  114. Golam Hossain (1991). Civil-military Relations in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study. Academic Publishers. p. 43.
  115. Aviation Safety Network
  116. "Airline Crash Kills 32 In the Amazon Jungle", The New York Times, September 29, 1971, p. 12
  117. "Lady Fleming Gets 16-Month Sentence", The New York Times, September 29, 1971, p. 1
  118. "Lady Fleming Is Deported From Greece to England", November 15, 1971, p. 1
  119. "Lady Fleming Dies in Athens: Foe of Nazis and Army Junta", by Paul Anastasi, The New York Times, February 27, 1986, p. 1
  120. "Crash Kills Yugoslav Envoy", The New York Times, September 30, 1971, p. 2
  121. "Satellite Is Launched Into Earth Orbit to Monitor the Solar Corona", by John Noble Wilford, The New York Times, September 30, 1971, p. 15
  122. attribution: Didier Autin
  123. "Parking Meters Gain First Foothold in Paris", Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1971, p. I-4
  124. "Hostage Freed After Payment of $240,000", Los Angeles Times, September 30, 1971, p. I-4
  125. "Spaniards Have Election But Show Little Interest", by Richard Eder, The New York Times, September 30, 1971, p. 3
  126. "Ambassador dies", Wilmington (DE) Morning News, September 30, 1971
  127. Jozef Goldblat, Arms Control: The New Guide to Negotiations and Agreements (SAGE, 2002) pp. 301-302
  128. "U.S. and Soviet Sign Two Nuclear Accords", by Terence Smith, The New York Times, October 1, 1971, p. 1
  129. "Text of U.S.-Soviet Pacts on Averting Atom War and on Hot Line", The New York Times, October 1, 1971, p. 14
  130. "Japanese Concern Pays $810,000 to Victims in Pollution Poisoning Case", by Richard Halloran, The New York Times, October 1, 1971, p. 17
  131. Vinay Sitapati, The Man Who Remade India: A Biography of P.V. Narasimha Rao (Oxford University Press, 2018) p. 34
  132. "Local difficulties as Mrs Gandhi goes to Moscow", by Inder Malhotra, The Guardian, London, September 27, 1971, p.4
  133. Kalinsky, George; Shannon, Bill (1975). The Ballparks. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc.
  134. "Rowdy Fans Hand Senators Final Loss", by Myra McPherson and Tom Huth, The Washington Post, October 1, 1971
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