1945

1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1945th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 945th year of the 2nd millennium, the 45th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1940s decade.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1945 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1945
MCMXLV
Ab urbe condita2698
Armenian calendar1394
ԹՎ ՌՅՂԴ
Assyrian calendar6695
Bahá'í calendar101–102
Balinese saka calendar1866–1867
Bengali calendar1352
Berber calendar2895
British Regnal year9 Geo. 6  10 Geo. 6
Buddhist calendar2489
Burmese calendar1307
Byzantine calendar7453–7454
Chinese calendar甲申(Wood Monkey)
4641 or 4581
     to 
乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
4642 or 4582
Coptic calendar1661–1662
Discordian calendar3111
Ethiopian calendar1937–1938
Hebrew calendar5705–5706
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2001–2002
 - Shaka Samvat1866–1867
 - Kali Yuga5045–5046
Holocene calendar11945
Igbo calendar945–946
Iranian calendar1323–1324
Islamic calendar1364–1365
Japanese calendarShōwa 20
(昭和20年)
Javanese calendar1875–1876
Juche calendar34
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4278
Minguo calendarROC 34
民國34年
Nanakshahi calendar477
Thai solar calendar2488
Tibetan calendar阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
2071 or 1690 or 918
     to 
阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
2072 or 1691 or 919

It marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat.

Events

Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

January

January 27 – The Soviet Red Army liberates Auschwitz.

February

February 19 – During the Battle of Iwo Jima, U.S. Marines land on the island.

March

April

April 7Japanese battleship Yamato explodes after persistent attacks from U.S. aircraft during the Battle of Okinawa.

May

May – Prague is liberated by the Red Army.
May – Marines of 1st Marine Division fighting on Okinawa.
May 8 – American soldiers fighting in the Pacific theater listen to radio reports of Victory in Europe Day.

June

July

July 16Trinity test at night in New Mexico.
July 26Clement Attlee becomes British Prime Minister in a landslide election victory.

August

August 9 – The mushroom cloud from the nuclear bomb dropped on Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air.
August 18 – Surrender of the Japanese Army in Central China (Memorial in Wuhan).

September

September 2 – Japan signs the Instrument of Surrender aboard the USS Missouri.

October

October 18Nuremberg trials begin, after Buchenwald closes.
October 24United Nations formed. This is its flag (the modern version is slightly retouched).

November

December

Date unknown

Births

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Deaths

January

February

March

Blessed Marcel Callo

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Nobel Prizes

References

  1. "One day they simply weren't there any more..." (PDF). anne frank house. March 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  2. "Penicillin Pills May Replace Injection". The Milwaukee Sentinel. February 16, 1945. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
  3. "SS General von Steuben [+1945]". WreckSite. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
  4. "Guinness World Records Website". guinnessworldrecords.com.
  5. Guinness Book of World Records. 2008. p. 137.
  6. Year by Year – 1945. History International.
  7. Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip, eds. (2010). Elections in Europe: A data handbook. Baden-Baden: Nomos. p. 1678. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
  8. Mayne, Alan James (1999). From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-275-96151-0. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
  9. "1945". A WW2 Timeline. Worldwar-2.net. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  10. Smythe, John (1967). Bolo Whistler: The Life of General Sir Lashmer Whistler. London: Muller.
  11. Duncan, George R. "Massacres and Atrocities of World War II". Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  12. "Central Europe Campaign – 522nd Field Artillery Battalion". Retrieved January 12, 2015. Jewish prisoners from the outer Dachau camps were marched to Dachau, and then 70 miles south. Many of the Jewish marchers weighed less than 80 pounds. Shivering in their tattered striped uniforms, the "skeletons" marched 10 to 15 hours a day, passing more than a dozen Bavarian towns. If they stopped or fell behind, the SS guards shot them and left their corpses along the road.
  13. "Search Results". www.ushmm.org. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  14. "Liberatione". Lib.usc.edu. May 4, 1945. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  15. "Befrielsen 1945 – Tidslinje". Befrielsen1945.dk. January 2, 2012. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  16. Waller, Derek (September 25, 2010). "U-Boats that Surrendered". u-boat.net. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  17. "Hungary: Recovery of Crown Jewels 1945". Retrieved December 17, 2008.
  18. Milcic, Allen. "Croatian Axis Forces in WWII". Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  19. Dizdar, Zdravko (December 2005). "Prilog istraživanju problema Bleiburga i križnih putova (u povodu 60. obljetnice)" [An addition to the research of the problem of Bleiburg and the Way of the Cross (dedicated to their 60th anniversary)]. The Review of Senj (in Croatian). Senj, Croatia: City Museum Senj; Senj Museum Society. 32 (1): 117–193. ISSN 0582-673X. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
  20. Bethell, Nicholas (1974). The Last Secret. London.
  21. Palaich, Michael (1991). "Bleiburg Tragedy". Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  22. "1945 – The Decision to Drop the Bomb". NuclearFiles. Archived from the original on April 6, 2010.
  23. "Brief History (timeline)", AI Topics, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, retrieved August 24, 2016
  24. "1945: Labour landslide buries Churchill". BBC News. April 5, 2005.
  25. Pike, John. "The Soviet Army Offensive: Manchuria, 1945". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
  26. Angier, R. B.; Boothe, J. H.; Hutchings, B. L.; Mowat, J. H.; Semb, J.; Stokstad, E. L. R.; Subbarow, Y.; Waller, C. W.; Cosulich, D. B.; Fahrenbach, M. J.; Hultquist, M. E.; Kuh, E.; Northey, E. H.; Seeger, D. R.; Sickels, J. P.; Smith Jr, J. M. (1945). "Synthesis of a Compound Identical with the L. Casei Factor Isolated from Liver". Science. 102 (2644): 227–28. Bibcode:1945Sci...102..227A. doi:10.1126/science.102.2644.227. PMID 17778509.
  27. Hoffbrand, A. V.; Weir, D. G. (2001). "The history of folic acid". British Journal of Haematology. 113 (3): 579–589. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02822.x. PMID 11380441. S2CID 22925228.
  28. Jessup, John E. (1989). A Chronology of Conflict and Resolution, 1945-1985. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-24308-5.
  29. "Discovery of Promethium". Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review. 36 (1). 2003. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  30. David J. Goldman (2014). Jewish Sports Stars; Athletic Heroes Past and Present
  31. Ernst Otto Bräunche (2006). Sport in Karlsruhe; von den Anfängen bis heute
  32. Wallace, Sam (January 25, 2020). "The imperishable story of Julius Hirsch: the great goalscorer murdered at Auschwitz who adorns Stamford Bridge mural" via The Telegraph.
  33. Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, 1858-1945
  34. "Plutarco Elías Calles" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  35. Siegman, Joseph (2020). Jewish Sports Legends: The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9781496222121.

Further reading

  • Ian Buruma. Year Zero: A History of 1945 (Penguin Press; 2013) 368 pages; covers liberation, revenge, decolonization, and the rise of the United Nations. excerpt
  • International News Service, It Happened In 1945 The Essential Year Book (1946)
  • Keith Lowe. Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II (2012) excerpt and text search
  • McDannald, A. H. ed. The Americana Annual 1946 (1946) events of 1945 online; encyclopedia yearbook global coverage in 950pp
  • Walter Yust, ed. 10 Eventful Years, 1937 – 1946 Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 1947, 4 vol., encyclopedia yearbook online
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