List of Hindu empires and dynasties

Hindu empires rose to power following the birth of Hinduism in the Indian subcontinent. The Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta, during the reign of Ashoka, was one of the largest empires in Asia, diplomatically engaging with Greece, Macedonia, Epirus, Cyrene and Egypt.[1] The period of the Gupta Empire under Samudragupta is sometimes attributed to as the First Golden Age of India.[2] The historical and geographic extent of Indian civilization is referred to as Greater India.

Indian Subcontinent is a reflection of the historical Hindu realm.

The following list enumerates Hindu empires and dynasties in chronological order.

Empire Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today part of Map
Gandhara Kingdom 1500 BCE 535 BCE Puṣkalavati, Taxila, Purushapura Sanskrit  Afghanistan
 Pakistan
Gopal Bansa 1400 BCE 841 BCE Pashupatinath Temple, Gaushala, Kathmandu Sanskrit    Nepal
Pundravardhana Kingdom 1280 BCE 300 BCE Mahasthangarh Pali, Sanskrit  Bangladesh
 India
Kuru Kingdom 1200 BCE 525 BCE Āsandīvat, Hastinapura, Indraprastha Sanskrit  India
Anga Kingdom 1100 BCE 500 BCE Champa Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Bangladesh
Panchala Kingdom 900 BCE 400 BCE Ahichatra, Kampila Sanskrit  India
   Nepal
Mahispal Bansa 841 BCE 700 BCE Kathmandu Sanskrit    Nepal
 India
Kirata Kingdom 700 BCE 300 AD Yalung, Thankot, Eastern Nepal Kiranti languages, Sanskrit, Pali Prakrit    Nepal
 India
 Bhutan
 Tibet
 China
 Pakistan
 Bangladesh
Kingdom of Kosala 700 BCE 500 BCE Shravasti, Ayodhya Sanskrit  India
   Nepal
Vrijji Kingdom 700 BCE 400 BCE Vaishali Maithili, Sanskrit  India
   Nepal
Malla Republic 700 BCE 300 BCE Kusavati, Kushinagar Sanskrit  India
   Nepal
Matsya Kingdom 700 BCE 300 BCE Viratanagari Sanskrit  India
Surasena Kingdom 700 BCE 300 BCE Mathura Sanskrit  India
Avanti Kingdom 700 BCE 300 BCE Ujjayini Sanskrit  India
Asmaka Kingdom 700 BCE 300 BCE Potali Sanskrit  India
Kingdom of Vatsa 700 BCE 300 BCE Kauśāmbī Sanskrit  India
Shakya 700 BCE 200 BCE Kapilavastu Tilaurakot Sanskrit, Pali    Nepal
 India
Magadha Kingdom 600 BCE 300 BCE Rajagriha Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Bangladesh
   Nepal
Kingdom of Kashi 600 BCE 345 BCE Banaras Sanskrit  India
Chedi Kingdom 600 BCE 300 BCE Suktimati Sanskrit  India
Haryanka Dynasty 550 BCE 413 BCE Rajagriha, Pataliputra Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
   Nepal
Kingdom of Tambapanni 543 BCE 505 BCE Tambapanni Sinhalese  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara 505 BCE 377 BCE Upatissa Nuwara Sinhalese  Sri Lanka
Ror Dynasty 450 BCE 489 Rori Sanskrit  Pakistan
Shishunaga Empire 413 BCE 345 BCE Rajgir, Vaishali, Pataliputra Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
   Nepal
Anuradhapura Kingdom 377 BCE 1017 Anuradhapura Sinhalese, Tamil  Sri Lanka
Malava Empire 350 BCE 650 Vidisha Sanskrit  India
Nanda Empire 345 BCE 322 BCE Pataliputra Magadhi Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Bangladesh
   Nepal
 Pakistan
Paurava Dynasty [3] 400 BCE 301 BCE Punjab Sanskrit  Indiav
 Pakistan
Maurya Empire 321 BCE 180 BCE Pataliputra Magadhi Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Pakistan
 Afghanistan
 Bangladesh
   Nepal
 Iran
 Bhutan
 Myanmarv Tajikistan
Chera Dynasty 300 BCE 1102 Karur, Kodungallur, Kollam Malayalam, Tamil  India
Pandyan Empire 300 BCE 1345 Korkai, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Vizhinjam Tamil  India
 Sri Lanka
Gangaridai Kingdom 300 BCE Unknown - -  Bangladesh
 Bhutan
 India
Shunga Empire 185 BCE 75 BCE Pataliputra, Vidisha Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Bangladesh
   Nepal
 Bhutan
Kingdom of Samatata 180 BCE 335 - -  Bangladesh
 India
Deva Dynasty of Saketa 150 BCE 10 BCE Ayodhya Sanskrit  India
Satavahana Empire 100 BCE 225 Pratishthana, Amaravati Prakrit, Tamil, Telugu  India
Kanva Dynasty 75 BCE 30 BCE Pataliputra or Vidisha Sanskrit  India
Northern Satrap Dynasty 60 BCE 150 Sagala, Mathura Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Pakistan
Chutu Dynasty 30 BCE 280 Banavasi Prakrit  India
Apracharaja Dynasty 15 BCE 50 Bajaur Prakrit, Scythian language  Afghanistan
 Pakistan
Suren Kingdom 19 225 Taxila, Kabul Greek, Pali, Parthian, Sanskrit  Afghanistan
 Pakistanv India
Kshaharata Empire 35 405 Ujjain, Barygaza Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Pakistan
Funan Empire 50 550 Vyadhapura Khmer, Sanskrit  Laos
 Cambodia
 Thailand
 Vietnam
 Myanmar
Nagvanshi Dynasty 83 CE 1952 CE Khukhragarh, Navratangarh Prakrit, Nagpuri  India
Parataraja Kingdom 125 300 Balochistan Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit, Scythian  Pakistan
 Afghanistan
Salakanagara Kingdom 130 362 - Sanskrit  Indonesia
Langkasuka Kingdom 150 1475 - Malay  Malaysia
 Thailand
Kingdom of Gangga Negara 150 1025 Beruas Malay  Malaysia
Kingdom of Champa 192 1832 Indrapura, Vijaya, Panduranga Chamic languages, Sanskrit  Vietnam
 Laos
 Cambodia
Andhra Ikshvaku Dynasty 200 275 - Prakrit, Sanskrit, Tamil  India
Bharashiva Dynasty 205 335 Padmavati Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
Soma Dynasty 205 AD 305 AD Kathmandu Sanskrit    Nepal
Kalabhra Empire 250 600 Kaveripumpattinam, Madurai Prakrit, Tamil  India
Gupta Empire 275 590 Pataliputra Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Bangladesh
 Pakistan
   Nepal
Paurava Dynasty (reinstated)[4] c.4th Century AD c.7th Century AD? Brahmapur Sanskrit  India
Pallava Empire 275 897 Kanchipuram Tamil, Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
Licchavi 305 AD 1200 AD Kathmandu Vajjika, Sanskrit, Maithili language    Nepal
 India
 Bhutan
Kataha 330 1136 Kataha Old Malay, Sanskrit  Malaysia
Kadamba Empire 345 525 Banavasi Kannada, Sanskrit  India
Aulikara Dynasty 350 550 Mandsaur Sanskrit  India
Western Ganga Dynasty 350 575 Talakadu, kolar Kannada, Sanskrit  India
Kamarupa Kingdom 350 1140 Pragjyotishpura, Haruppeswara, Durjaya Assamese, Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
 Bhutan
 Bangladesh
 Myanmar
Tarumanagara Kingdom 358 669 Sundapura Sundanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Vishnukundina Dynasty 420 624 Nalgonda, Eluru, Amaravati Sanskrit,Telugu  India
Sharabhapuriya Dynasty 465 590 Sharabhapura Sanskrit  India
Maitraka Dynasty 475 776 Vallabhi Apabhramsa, Prakrit, Sanskrit, Sauraseni  India
Pushyabhuti Dynasty 500 647 Sthanvishvara, Kanyakubja -  India
 Bangladesh
   Nepal
 Bhutan
 Pakistan
Nala Kingdom 515 585 Pushkari Sanskrit  India
Rai Dynasty 524 632 Aror Sanskrit  Pakistan
Chalukya Dynasty 543 753 Badami Kannada, Sanskrit  India
Kalachuri Dynasty 550 620 Mahishmati Sanskrit  India
Chenla Empire 550 802 Shrestapura, Bhavapura, Isanapura, Shambhupura Khmer, Sanskrit  Cambodia
 Thailand
 Laos
 Vietnam
Chahamana Dynasty 550 1194 Shakambhari Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
Maukhari Dynasty 550 800 Kannauj Sanskrit  India
Kalingga Kingdom 550 650 - Old Javanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Gauda Kingdom 590 626 Karnasuvarna -  India
 Bangladesh
Panduvamshi Dynasty 600 790 Shripura Sanskrit  India
Eastern Chalukya Empire 624 1189 Vengi, Rajahmundry Sanskrit, Telugu  India
Karkota Empire 625 885 Srinagar, Parihaspore, Srinagar Sanskrit  India
 Pakistan
 Afghanistan
 Bangladesh
Brahman Dynasty of Sindh 632 724 - Sanskrit  Pakistan Iran
Srivijaya Empire 650 1377 Palembang, Kewu, Chaiya, Jambi Old Malay, Sanskrit  Indonesia
 Malaysia
 Singapore
 Thailand
 Cambodia
 Philippines
 Vietnam
 Brunei
Shailendra Dynasty 650 1025 Batang, Kalingga Old Javanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Galuh Kingdom 669 1482 Kawali Sundanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Sunda Kingdom 669 1579 Kawali, Pakuan Pajajaran Sundanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Kalachuri Tripuri Dynasty 675 1212 Tripuri Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
Chavda Dynasty 690 942 Panchasar, Aṇahilaváḍa Old Gujarati, Prakrit  India
Mallabhum Kingdom 694 1800 Bengali, Sanskrit Laugram, Pradyumnapur, Bishnupur  India
 Bangladesh
Limbuwan 7th Century CE 1774 Morang, Bijaypur Limbu, Lepcha    Nepal
 India
 Bhutan
Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty 730 1036 Kannauj Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
   Nepal


 Afghanistan
 Pakistan

Mataram Kingdom 732 1006 Mdaη i Bhumi Mataram, Mamrati, Poh Pitu, Mdaη i Tamwlang, Mdaη i Watugaluh, Mdaη i Wwatan Old Javanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Saindhava Dynasty 735 920 Bhutamabilika Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
Tomara Dynasty 736 1151 Delhi Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
Pala Empire 750 1199 Bikrampur, Pataliputra, Gauda, Monghyr, Somapura, Mahipal, Ramavati Prakrit, Sanskrit  Bangladesh
 India
   Nepal
 Pakistan
Haripunjaya Kingdom 750 1292 Lamphun Thai  Thailand
Rashtrakuta Empire 753 982 Manyakheta Kannada, Sanskrit  India
Khmer Empire 802 1431 Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya, Koh Ker, Yasodharapura Khmer, Sanskrit  Cambodia
 Laos
 Myanmar
 Thailand
 Vietnam
Chudasama Dynasty 825 1472 Vamanasthali, Junagadh Old Gujarati, Prakrit  India
Later Chola Empire 848 1279 Pazhaiyaarai, Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram Tamil  India
 Sri Lanka
 Maldives
 Indonesia
 Singapore
 Malaysia
Somavamshi Dynasty 850 1150 Yayatinagara Sanskrit  India
Yadava Dynasty 850 1334 Devagiri Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit  India
Utpala Dynasty 855 1003 Avantipur Sanskrit  India
 Afghanistan
 Pakistan
Hindu Shahi Dynasty 879 1026 Kabul Sanskrit  Pakistan
 Afghanistan
 India
Paramara Dynasty 900 1305 Dhar Prakrit, Sanskrit  India
Bali Kingdom 914 1908 Bedulu, Samprangan, Gelgel, Klungkung Kawi, Balinese  Indonesia
Pagan Empire 940 1297 Pagan Burmese, Mon, Pyu  Myanmar
Khasa Kingdom 954 1450 Sinja Valley Khas, Sanskrit    Nepal
Western Chalukya Empire 973 1189 Manyakheta, Basavakalyan Kannada, Sanskrit  India
Rajahnate of Butuan 1001 1756 Butuan Butuanon, Old Malay  Philippines
Lohara Dynasty 1003 1320 Srinagar Sanskrit  India
 Afghanistan
 Pakistan
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1017 1310 Polonnaruwa Pali, Sanskrit  India
Kahuripan Kingdom 1019 1045 Kahuripan Old Javanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Hoysala Empire 1026 1343 Halebidu, Belur Kannada, Sanskrit  India
Janggala Kingdom 1045 1136 Hujung, Galuh Old Javanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Kediri Kingdom 1045 1221 Kadiri Old Javanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Sena Dynasty 1070 1230 Nabadwip Sanskrit  Bangladesh
 India
Eastern Ganga Empire 1078 1434 Dantapura, Kalinganagara, Kataka Sanskrit  India
Gahadavala Dynasty 1080 1194 Varanasi, Kanyakubja Sanskrit  India
Karnat Dynasty 1097 1324 Simraungadh Maithili Language    Nepal
 India
Chero dynasty 12th CE 18th CE Bhojpuri, Nagpuri  India
Sambhuvaraya Dynasty 1150 1375 Rajagambhiram, Padaveedu Sanskrit, Tamil  India
Vanni Nadu Dynasty 1150 1803 Vanni Tamil  Sri Lanka
Deva Dynasty 1156 1250 Bikrampur Bengali, Sanskrit  Bangladesh
 India
Kakatiya Dynasty 1163 1323 Orugallu Sanskrit, Telugu  India
Khen Dynasty 1185 1498 Kamarupanagara, Kamatapura Assamese, Kamtapuri  India
 Myanmar
Sutiya Kingdom 1187 1673 Swarnagiri, Ratnapur, Sadiya Assamese  India
Malla Dynasty 1200 1768 Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Patan, Nepal Newari, Nepali, Sanskrit, Maithili Language    Nepal
 India
 Tibet
 China
Jaffna Kingdom 1215 1624 Nallur Tamil  Sri Lanka
Singhasari Kingdom 1222 1292 Tumapel Old Javanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
Ahom Kingdom 1228 1826 Charaideo, Garhgaon, Rangpur, Jorhat Assamese, Tai-Ahom  India
 Myanmar
Sambhuvaraya Dynasty 1236 1375 Rajagambhiram, Padaveedu Tamil  India
Yajvapala Dynasty 1237 1289 Nalapura -  India
Vaghela Dynasty 1244 1304 Dholka Apabhramsa, Old Gujarati, Prakrit  India
Rajahnate of Cebu 1250 1565 Singhapala Cebuano, Malay, Tamil  Philippines
Majapahit Empire 1293 1527 Majapahit, Wilwatikta Old Javanese, Sanskrit  Indonesia
 Malaysia
 Singapore
 Brunei
 Thailand
 Timor Leste
 Philippines
Sena Dynasty (Nepal) 13th Century CE 18th Century CE Makwanpurgadhi, Chaudandi, Palpa Nepali, Maithili Language, Khas, Bengali, Sanskrit    Nepal
 India
Reddy Dynasty 1325 1448 Addanki, Kondavidu, Rajahmundry Telugu  India
Musunuri Nayakas 1150 1369 Warangal Telugu  India
 Vijayanagara Empire 1336 1646 Vijayanagara, Penukonda, Chandragiri Kannada, Sanskrit, Telugu  India
Oiniwar Dynasty 1353 1526 Madhubani Maithili language  India
Kallala dynasty 1404 1789 Sinja Valley Khas language, Nepali, Sanskrit    Nepal
 India
Gajapati Kingdom 1434 1541 Cuttack Odia  India
Koch Dynasty 1515 1949 Chikana, Kamatapur Kamtapuri, Assamese, Bengali, Sanskrit  India
Madurai Nayak Dynasty 1529 1736 Madurai, Tiruchirapalli Tamil, Telugu  India
Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom 1532 1673 Thanjavur Tamil, Telugu  India
Gorkha Kingdom 1559 1768 Gorkha Darbar Nepali    Nepal
Raj Darbhanga 1577 1947 Darbhanga Maithili  India
 Maratha Empire 1674 1818 Raigad, Gingee, Satara, Pune Marathi, Sanskrit  India
 Pakistan
Pudukkottai Kingdom 1680 1800 Pudukkottai Tamil  India
Sivaganga Kingdom 1725 1733 Sivaganga Tamil  India
 Kingdom of Nepal 1768 2008 Kathmandu Nepali, Sanskrit    Nepal
 India
 Tibet
 China
 Bangladesh
Dogra Dynasty 1846 1952 Srinagar Kashmiri  India
 Pakistan
 Tibet
 China

Note: Kingdoms that acted as princely states to the British Empire are not mentioned except for the time period when they exercised sovereign control.

See also

References

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