List of Indian residential schools in Canada
The following is a list of school that operated as part of the Canadian Indian residential school system[nb 1][1] The first residential school was set up in 1828 with the last residential school closing in 1996.[2][3][4]
| Religious denomination | |
| (AN) | Anglican Church |
| (BP) | Baptist |
| (MD) | Methodist |
| (OO) | Other |
| (PB) | Presbyterian Church |
| (RC) | Roman Catholic Church |
| (UC) | United Church of Canada |
List
Schools in Newfoundland and Labrador were not included in the original settlement by the Harper government and instead reached a compensation deal with the federal government after a lawsuit in 2016.
| Name | Location | Province/Territory | Opened | Closed | Denomination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assumption Indigenous Residential School (Hay Lakes Indian Residential School) | Hay Lakes | AB | 1951 | 1970 | RC |
| Blue Quill's Indian Residential School (Hospice of St. Joseph / Lac la Biche Boarding School) | Lac la Biche | AB | 1862 | 1898 (moved to Blue Quill Indian Reserve 127, Saddle Lake) | RC |
| Blue Quill's Indian Residential School (Sacred Heart Indian Residential School / Saddle Lake Boarding School / Blue Quill's Boarding School) | Blue Quill Indian Reserve 127, Saddle Lake | AB | 1898 | 1931 (moved to St. Paul) | RC |
| Blue Quill's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Boarding School) | St. Paul | AB | 1931 | 1970 (became the first Native-administered school in Canada) | RC |
| Convent of Holy Angels Indian Residential School (Holy Angels Indian Residential School/ Our Lady of Victoria Indian Residential School) | Fort Chipewyan | AB | 1902 | 1974 | RC |
| Crowfoot Indian Residential School | Cluny | AB | 1909 | 1968 | RC |
| Dunbow Industrial School (St. Joseph's Industrial School, High River Industrial School) | High River | AB | 1888 | 1939 | RC |
| Edmonton Industrial School | St. Albert | AB | 1919 | 1960 | MD |
| Ermineskin Indian Residential School | Hobbema | AB | 1915 | 1973 | RC |
| Immaculate Conception Indian Residential School (Immaculate Conception Boarding School / Blood Indian Residential School) | Stand-Off | AB | 1884 | 1926 | RC |
| Immaculate Conception Boarding School (Blood Indian Residential School / St. Mary's Mission Boarding School) | Stand-Off | AB | 1911 | 1975 | RC |
| McDougall Orphanage and Residential School (Morley Indian Residential School) | Morley | AB | 1886 | 1949 | MD |
| Old Sun's Boarding School (North Camp Residential School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School) | Gleichen | AB | 1894 | 1912 | AN |
| Old Sun's Boarding School (North Camp School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School) | Gleichen | AB | 1929 | 1971 | AN |
| Peigan Indian Residential School (Victoria Jubilee Home) | Brocket | AB | 1892 | 1965 | AN |
| Red Deer Industrial School | Red Deer | AB | 1889 | 1944 | MD |
| Sarcee Indian Residential School | Calgary | AB | 1894 | 1930 | AN |
| St. Albert's Indian Residential School | St. Albert | AB | 1941 | 1948 | RC |
| St. Andrew's Indian Residential School | Whitefish Lake | AB | 1895 | 1950 | AN |
| St. Barnabas Indian Residential School | Sarcee | AB | 1899 (new school built in 1912) | 1922 | AN |
| St. Bernard Indian Residential School (Grouard Indian Residential School) | Grouard | AB | 1939 | 1962 | RC |
| St. Bruno Indian Residential School (Joussard Indian Residential School) | Joussard | AB | 1913 | 1969 | RC |
| St. Cyprian's Indian Residential School | Brocket | AB | 1900 (new school built in 1926) | 1962 | AN |
| St. Francis Xavier Indian Residential School | Calais | AB | 1890 | 1961 | RC |
| St. Henri Indian Residential School (Fort Vermilion Indian Residential School) | Fort Vermilion | AB | 1900 | 1968 | RC |
| St. John's Indian Residential School (Wabasca Residential School) | Wabasca | AB | 1895 (new school built in 1949) | 1966 | AN |
| St. Martin Boarding School | Wabasca | AB | 1901 | 1973 | RC |
| St. Paul Des Métis Indian Residential School | St. Paul | AB | 1898 | 1905 | RC |
| St. Paul's Indian Residential School | Cardston | AB | 1900 | 1972 | AN |
| St. Peter's Indian Residential School (Lesser Slave Lake Indian Residential School) | Lesser Slave Lake | AB | 1900 | 1932 | AN |
| Sturgeon Lake Indian Residential School | Sturgeon Lake | AB | 1907 | 1957 | RC |
| Youville Indian Residential School | St. Albert | AB | 1892 | 1948 | RC |
| Alberni Indian Residential School | Port Alberni | BC | 1920 (burned in 1917, rebuilt in 1920; burned again in 1937, rebuilt in 1939) | 1973 | UC |
| Ahousaht Indian Residential School | Ahousaht | BC | 1901 | 1950 | PB |
| Christie Indian Residential School (Kakawis Indian Residential School) | Tofino (Meares Island) | BC | 1900 | 1973 | RC |
| Christie Indian Residential School (New Christie Indian Residential School / Kakawis Indian Residential School) | Tofino, British Columbia (Meares Island) | BC | 1974 | 1983 | RC |
| Friendly Cove Day School | Yuquot | BC | 1930 | 1964 | RC |
| Greenville Mission Boys' Boarding School | Nass River | BC | 1877 | ? | MD |
| Kamloops Indian Residential School | Kamloops | BC | 1890 | 1978 | RC |
| Kamloops Indian Residential School (St. Louis Mission Indian Residential School) | Kamloops | BC | 1890 | 1978 | RC |
| Kitimaat Indian Residential School (Elizabeth Long Memorial School for Girls) | Kitimaat | BC | 1893 | 1941 | MD |
| Kootenay Indian Residential School (St. Eugene's Indian Residential School, St. Mary's Indian Residential School) | Cranbrook | BC | 1898 | 1970 | RC |
| Kuper Island Indian Residential School | Penelakut Island | BC | 1890 | 1975 | RC |
| Lejac Indian Residential School | Fraser Lake | BC | 1910 (new building in 1922) | 1976 | RC |
| Lower Post Indian Residential School | Lower Post | BC | 1951 | 1975 | RC |
| Methodist Coqualeetza Institute | Chilliwack | BC | 1886 | 1937 (later became the Coqualeetza Hospital and is now the Coqualeetza Cultural Education Centre | MD |
| Metlakatla Indian Residential School (Metlakatla Indian Girls' School) | Metlakatla | BC | 1891 | 1962 | OO |
| Port Simpson Methodist Girls' School | Port Simpson | BC | 1863 | 1950 | MD |
| Presbyterian Coqualeetza Indian Residential School | Chilliwack | BC | 1861 | 1940 | PB |
| Roman Catholic Coqualeetza Indian Residential School | Chilliwack | BC | 1890 | 1941 | RC |
| Sechelt Indian Residential School | Sechelt | BC | 1912 | 1975 | RC |
| St. Paul’s Indian Residential School | North Vancouver | BC | 1898 | 1959 | RC |
| St. George's Indian Residential School (Lytton Indian Residential School) | Lytton | BC | 1901 (new school built in 1928) | 1979 | AN |
| St. Mary's Mission Indian Residential School | Mission (Pekw'Xe:yles) | BC | 1861 | 1984 | RC |
| St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Alert Bay Indian Residential School) | Alert Bay | BC | 1929 | 1975 | AN |
| Thomas Crosby Indian Residential School (Thomas Crosby Girls Home Indian Residential School) | Port Simpson | BC | 1879 | 1950 | MD |
| Thomas Crosby Indian Residential School (Thomas Crosby Home for Boys Indian residential School) | Port Simpson | BC | 1879 | 1950 | MD |
| Williams Lake Indian Residential School (Williams Lake Industrial School) | Cariboo | BC | 1890 | 1981 | RC |
| Yale Indian Residential School | Yale | BC | 1900 | ? | AN |
| Yuquot Indian Residential School | Yuquot | BC | 1901 | 1913 | RC |
| Assiniboia Indian Residential School (Assiniboia Hostel) | Winnipeg | MB | 1958 (September 2) | 1973 (June 30) | RC |
| Birtle Indian Residential School | Birtle | MB | 1888 (December 3) | 1970 | PB |
| Brandon Indian Residential School (Brandon Industrial School) | Brandon | MB | 1895 (May 23) | 1972 (June 30) | MD |
| Cross Lake Indian Residential School (Norway House Roman Catholic Indian Residential School) | Cross Lake | MB | 1915(March 9) | 1969 (July 30) | RC |
| Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Elkhorn Industrial School / Washakada Indian Residential School) | Elkhorn | MB | 1888 | 1919 (as CP Railway purchased land on which school was built) | AN |
| Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Washakada Indian Residential School) | Elkhorn | MB | 1925 | 1949 | AN |
| Fort Alexander Indian Residential School | Pine Falls | MB | 1905 | 1970 (June) | RC |
| Guy Hill Indian Residential School | The Pas and Clearwater Lake | MB | 1952 (Students were relocated from Sturgeon Landing, Saskatchewan to a temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school in Clearwater Lake in 1958) | 1979 (June 30) | RC |
| Lake St. Martin Indian Residential School | Fisher River | MB | 1874 (new school built in 1948) | 1963 | AN |
| MacKay Indian Residential School | The Pas | MB | 1915 | 1933 | AN |
| MacKay Indian Residential School | Dauphin | MB | 1955 | 1989 | AN |
| Norway House Methodist Indian Residential School | Norway House | MB | 1900 | 1967 (June 30) | MD |
| Pine Creek Indian Residential School (Camperville Indian Residential School) | Camperville | MB | 1890 | 1969 (August 31) | RC |
| Portage la Prairie Methodist Indian Residential School | Portage la Prairie | MB | 1891 | 1975 (June 30) | MD |
| Portage la Prairie Presbyterian Indian Residential | Portage la Prairie | MB | 1895 | 1950 | PB |
| Sandy Bay Indian Residential School | Sandy Bay Reserve | MB | 1905 | 1970 (June 30) | RC |
| St. Boniface Industrial School | St. Boniface | MB | 1891 | 1909 | RC |
| St. Paul's Industrial School (St. Rupert's Land Industrial School) | Selkirk | MB | 1886 | 1906 | AN |
| Waterhen Indian Residential School | Waterhen | MB | 1890 | 1900 | RC |
| Lockwood School* | Cartwright | NL | 1964 | OO | |
| Makkovik Boarding School* | Makkovik | NL | 1960 | OO | |
| Nain Boarding School* | Nain | NL | 1973 | OO | |
| St. Anthony's Orphanage* | St. Anthony | NL | 1979 | OO | |
| Yale School* | North West River | NL | 1980 | OO | |
| Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) | Shingle Point | NWT | 1927 (moved to Aklavik in 1934 due to overcrowding | 1959 | AN |
| Aklavik Catholic Indian Residential School (later Inuvik Indian Residential School) | Aklavik | NWT | 1925 (relocated to Inuvik in 1959; Stringer Hall was Anglican Residence and Grollier Hall the RC residence) | 1996 (June 1975 (Stringer Hall); June 30 1996 (Grollier Hall)) | RC |
| Fort McPherson Indian Residential School; (Including residence, Fleming Hall); | Fort McPherson | NWT | 1898 | 1970 | OO (non-denominational) |
| Fort Providence Indian Residential School (Providence Mission Indian Residential School) | Fort Providence | NWT | 1867 | 1953 | RC |
| Fort Resolution Indian Residential School | Fort Resolution | NWT | 1867 | ? | RC |
| Fort Simpson Indian Residential School (Fort Simpson Boarding School, including residences Bompas Hall, Lapointe Hall, St. Margaret's Hall) | Fort Simpson | NWT | 1920 | 1970 | RC |
| Fort Smith Indian Residential School (Breynat Hall) | Fort Smith | NWT | 1957 | 1970 | RC |
| Hay River Indian Residential School (St. Peter's Mission Indian Residential School) | Hay River | NWT | 1898 | 1949 | AN |
| Akaitcho Hall (dormitory for Sir John Franklin High School) | Yellowknife | NWT | 1958 | 1994 | Federal/GNWT |
| Shubenacadie Indian Residential School | Shubenacadie | NS | 1922 | 1968 | RC |
| Chesterfield Inlet Indian Residential School (including residence: Turquetil) | Chesterfield Inlet | NU | 1929 | 1970 | RC |
| Frobisher Bay Indian Residential School | Frobisher Bay | NU | 1965 | ? | RC |
| Albany Mission Indian Residential School (Fort Albany Residential School) | Fort Albany | ON | 1912 | 1963 | RC |
| Alexandra Industrial School for Girls | Toronto | ON | 1897 | 1910[5] | OO |
| Alnwick Industrial School (in partnership with Mount Elgin Indian Residential School) | Alderville | ON | 1838 | 1966 | MD |
| Bishop Horden Memorial School (Moose Factory Indian Residential School; Moose Fort Indian Residential School) | Moose Factory | ON | 1907 | 1963 | AN |
| Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1900 | 1966 | PB |
| Chapleau Indian Residential School (Saint John's Indian Residential School) | Chapleau | ON | 1907 | 1950 | AN |
| Fort Frances Indian Residential School (St. Margaret's Indian Residential School) | Fort Frances | ON | 1902 | 1974 | RC |
| Kenora Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1949 | 1963 | RC |
| McIntosh Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1924 | 1969 | RC |
| Mohawk Institute Residential School (Mohawk Manual Labour School; Mush Hole Indian Residential School) | Brantford | ON | 1828 | 1970 | AN |
| Mount Elgin Indian Residential School (in partnership with Alnwick) | Muncey Town | ON | 1848 | 1948 | MD |
| Shingwauk Indian Residential School | Garden River | ON | 1873 | 1873 (burned down six days after opening) | AN |
| Shingwauk Indian Residential School | Sault Ste. Marie | ON | 1873 (merged with Wawanosh to form a larger school in 1900) | 1971 (currently houses Algoma University) | AN |
| Wawanosh School for Girls | Sault Ste Marie | ON | 1877 | 1900 (merged with Shingwauk) | AN |
| Sioux Lookout Indian Residential School (Pelican Lake Day School) | Sioux Lookout | ON | 1911 | 1973 | AN |
| Spanish Indian Residential Schools; St. Joseph Residential School 1916–1962 (girls school) still standing; St Charles Garnier College 1913–1958 (boys school)now demolished | Spanish | ON | 1883 | 1965 | RC |
| St. Anne’s Indian Residential School | Fort Albany | ON | 1936 | 1964 | RC |
| St. Joseph's Orphanage and Boarding School (for Indigenous and White Children) | Fort William | ON | 1870 | 1968 | RC |
| St. Mary's Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1894 | 1962 | RC |
| Wikwemikong Indian Residential School (Wikwemikong Day School) | Manitowaning | ON | 1840 (day school); 1879 (residential school) | 1963 | RC |
| Armstrong Indian Residential School (Armstrong Residential School; Armstrong Home and School) | Armstrong | ON | 1880 | 1891 | RC |
| Amos Indian Residential School (St. Marc's Indian Residential School) | St. Marc-de-Figuery (Amos) | QC | 1948 | 1965 | RC |
| Federal Hostel at George River | Kangirsualujjuaq | QC | 1960 | 1960 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| Federal Hostel at Great Whale River | Kuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine) | QC | 1960 | 1970 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| Federal Hostel at Payne Bay | Kangirsuk (Bellin) | QC | 1960 | 1960 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| Federal Hostel at Port Harrison | Inukjuak | QC | 1960 | 1971 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| Fort George Hostels | Fort George | QC | 1975 | 1978 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
| St. Philip's Indian Residential School | Fort George | QC | 1933 (burned in 1943, rebuilt in 1944) | 1979 | AN |
| Fort George (St. Joseph's Mission, Residence Couture, Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Énfant-Jésus) | Fort George | QC | 1936 | 1952 | RC |
| La Tuque Indian Residential School | La Tuque | QC | 1963 | 1978 | AN |
| Pointe Bleue Indian Residential School | Mashteuiatsh | QC | 1956 | 1965 | RC |
| Sept-Iles Indian Residential School (Seven Islands, Notre Dame, Maliotenam) | Sept-Îles | QC | 1952 | 1967 | RC |
| Battleford Industrial School | Battleford | SK | 1883 | 1914 | AN |
| Beauval Indian Residential School | Beauval | SK | 1895 | 1983 (became Meadow Lake Tribal Council's Beauval Indian Education Centre which closed in 1995) | RC |
| Cowesses Indian Residential School (Marieval Indian Residential School) | Marieval | SK | 1936 | 1997 | RC |
| Crowstand Indian Residential School | Kamsack | SK | 1888 | 1916 | PB |
| St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School) | Duck Lake | SK | 1894 | 1996 | RC |
| Emmanuel College | Prince Albert | SK | 1879 | 1923 | AN |
| File Hills Indian Residential School (File Hills Colony School) | Okanese Reserve | SK | 1889 | 1949 | PB |
| Gordon Indian Residential School | Punnichy | SK | 1889 (new school built in 1911, burned down in 1929) | 1996 | AN |
| Guy Hill Indian Residential School | Sturgeon Landing | SK | 1926 | 1952 (burned down September 4, 1952; students were relocated to temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school opened in Clearwater Lake in 1958) | RC |
| Île-à-la-Crosse Indian Residential School | Île-à-la-Crosse | SK | 1878 | 1976 (the boarding school section) | RC |
| Lake La Ronge Mission Indian Residential School | La Ronge | SK | 1914 (new school built in 1920) | 1947 | AN |
| Muscowequan Indian Residential School | Lestock | SK | 1932 | 1981 | RC |
| St. Albans Indian Residential School | Prince Albert | SK | ? | 1951 (amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School) | AN |
| All Saints Indian Residential School | Prince Albert | SK | 1865 | 1951 (amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School) | AN |
| Prince Albert Indian Residential School | Prince Albert | SK | 1951 (merger of All Saints and St. Albans) | 1964 | AN |
| Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School (Qu'Appelle Industrial School); Lebret Indian Residential School; (Added St. Paul's High School in 1951) | Lebret | SK | 1884 (burned down in 1904, 1932) | 1969 (Re-opened under the operations of the reserve in 1973 as White Calf Collegiate, but that closed in August 1998) | RC |
| Regina Indian Residential School | Regina | SK | 1890 | 1910, demolished in 1948 | PB |
| Round Lake Indian Residential School | Whitewood | SK | 1886 | 1950 | MD |
| St. Anthony's Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Catholic Indian Residential School) | Onion Lake | SK | 1891 | 1968 | RC |
| St. Barnabas Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Indian Residential School) | Onion Lake | SK | 1893 (burned down in 1943) | 1951 | AN |
| St. Phillips Indian Residential School (Keeseekoose Day School) | Kamsack | SK | 1899 | 1965 | RC |
| Thunderchild Indian Residential School (Delmas Indian Residential School) | Delmas | SK | 1933 | 1948 (burned down by students) | RC |
| Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) | Shingle Point | YT | 1927 | 1934 (moved to Aklavik due to overcrowding) | AN |
| Baptist Indian Residential School (Yukon Indian Residential School) | Whitehorse | YT | 1900 | 1968 | BP |
| Carcross Indian Residential School (Forty Mile Boarding School) | Fortymile | YT | 1891 | 1910 (moved to Carcross) | AN |
| Carcross Indian Residential School (Chooutla Indian Residential School; Caribou Crossing Indian Residential School) | Carcross | YT | 1910 | 1969 | AN |
| St. Paul's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Hall) | Dawson | YT | 1920 | 1943 | AN |
| Yukon Hall (residences for local day school students) | Whitehorse | YT | 1956 | 1965 | AN |
See also
| Indigenous peoples in Canada |
|---|
.JPG.webp) |
|
- Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission
- Kamloops Indian Residential School
- Lejac Residential School
- New Zealand Native schools
- Where the Spirit Lives - 1989 film about residential schools
Notes on terminology
- Indian has been used because of the historical nature of the article and the precision of the name. It was, and continues to be, used by government officials, Indigenous peoples and historians while referencing the school system. The use of the name also provides relevant context about the era in which the system was established, specifically one in which Indigenous peoples in Canada were homogeneously referred to as Indians rather than by language that distinguishes First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. Use of Indian is limited throughout the article to proper nouns and references to government legislation.
References
- "List of residential schools". Indian Residential Schools Settlement - Official Court Website. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- Residential Schools Archived 2010-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Assembly of First Nations. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
- "Prince Albert Grand Council Indian Residential School Virtual Museum". 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- "Mission and Justice Relationships (Anglican Indian and Eskimo Residential Schools)". Anglican Church of Canada. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- https://www.beachmetro.com/2011/10/19/east-school-wayward-girls-flourished/
External links
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