List of countries by rail usage

This is a list of countries by rail usage. Rail usage may be measured in tonne-kilometres (tkm) or passenger-kilometres (pkm) travelled for freight and passenger transport respectively. This is the number of tonnes or passengers multiplied by the average distance of their journeys in kilometres.

Map of the world with rail density (length of rail network divided by area of country) highlighted. This does not necessarily reflect actual rail use.

Overview

Almost 10,000 billion freight tonne-kilometres are travelled around the world. Roughly one quarter of these are travelled in the United States, another quarter in China, and a third in Russia. Of the 3,000bn passenger-kilometres travelled across the world, 1,346bn of these are travelled solely in China. The average Swiss person travels 2,430 km by train each year, almost 500 more than the average Japanese person (the Japanese having the second-highest average kilometres travelled per passenger in the world).

In 2014, there were around 1 million kilometres of railway in the world (a decrease of 3% compared to 2013). Of this, 350,000 km were in Europe and mainly used for passenger service, 370,000 km were in North America and mainly used for freight, and 230,000 km were in Asia and used for both freight and passenger service.[1] In America and Europe, there are many low cost airlines and motorways which compete with rail for passenger traffic, while Asia has seen a large growth in high-speed rail with 257bn pkm representing 72% of total world high-speed rail passenger traffic.[1]

Passenger rail

These figures do not include metro railway systems; see Lists of rapid transit systems for metro rail statistics.

Passenger-kilometres of rail transport per year

Countries with more than five billion passenger-kilometres (pkm) travelled per year. Unless otherwise specified, data come from the Railway Statistics 2015 Report by the International Union of Railways (UIC).

Rank Country/Region Billion passenger-kilometres Data year
1  China 1,471[2] 2019
2  India 1,161[3] 2017
3  Japan 431.8[3] 2016
4  Russia 129.4[3] 2018
5  France 110.5[3] 2017
6  Germany 95.5[3] 2017
7  United Kingdom 80.2[3] 2017
8  South Korea 77.8[3] 2016
9  Italy 52.2[3] 2017
10  Ukraine 37.1 2015
11  Spain 27.5[3] 2017
12   Switzerland 20.8[3] 2017
13  Pakistan 20.3 2015
14  Poland 20.3[3] 2015
15  Taiwan 19.8 2015
16  Indonesia 18.5 2015
17  Netherlands 18.4[3] 2017
18  Kazakhstan 16.6 2011
19  Iran 16.3 2014
20  Australia 15.7[3] 2015
21  Sweden 13.3[3] 2017
22  Austria 12.6[3] 2017
23  United States 10.6[3] 2017
24  Belgium 10.2[3] 2017
25  Czech Republic 9.5[3] 2017
26  Belarus 9.0[3] 2013
27  Argentina 8.4[3] 2017
28  Hungary 7.7[3] 2017
29  Thailand 7.5 2011
30  Bangladesh 7.3 2010
31  Denmark 6.7[3] 2016
32  Romania 5.7[3] 2015
33  Morocco 5.3 2014
 World 2,954 2014
 Europe 583.7 2015

Passengers carried in rail transport per year

Countries with more than 20 million passengers per year. Unless otherwise specified, data come from the Railway Statistics 2019 Report by the International Union of Railways.

Rank Country Million passengers Data year Notes
1 Japan 9,392 2016[4] Includes only the JR group rail companies. Including all passenger rail the figure in 2016 was 24.6 billion
2 India 8,418 2018 Includes Indian Railways suburban and intercity traffic only, excludes the passengers carried by rapid transit systems. The Delhi Metro alone transported 1.73 billion passengers in 2018.
3 China 3,660 2019[5] Excludes most urban passenger trips which are handled by rapid transit systems. Rapid transit lines in China alone handled 23.71 billion passengers in 2019.[6]
4 Germany 2,865.1 2018
5 United Kingdom 1,762.7 2018 The London Underground ("The Tube") had an additional 1.34 billion passengers in 2015-16[7]
6 France 1,762 2017 Includes only SNCF services[8] and RATP sections of the RER.[9]
7  Russia 1,157.2 2018 Moscow Metro alone had 2.45 billion passengers in 2014[10]
8  Brazil 1,125.8 2018 CPTM[11] and SuperVia [12] commuter rail networks alone
9 Italy 883.3 2019[13]
10  Australia 702.9 2016–17 Heavy urban passenger rail statistics (not including long-distance)[14]
11  Spain 636 2019[15] Madrid Metro alone had 657.2 million passengers in 2018.[16]
12  Egypt 550 2018
13  United States 533 2017 Amtrak had 32.5 million passengers in Fiscal Year 2017 (ending September 30).[17] Among regional systems that report to the American Public Transportation Association, there were 502.5 million commuter rail riders in calendar year 2019.[18]
14   Switzerland 482.3 2018[19]
15  Argentina 426.2 2018 423,202,522 Buenos Aires commuter[20]
2,036,792 regional[21]
1,009,357 long distance
16  Ukraine 399 2014
17  Indonesia 393.3 2018
18  Poland 324.1 2019[13] Passengers carried by all rail passenger transport companies in Poland.[22]
19  Netherlands 320 2015
20  Taiwan 291.84 2018
21  South Africa 269 2017–18[23]
22  Austria 278 2019[13] Vienna U-Bahn alone had 463.1 million passengers in 2018.[24]
23  Sweden 264.6 2019[13] Stockholm metro alone had 353 million passengers in 2017.[25]
24  Belgium 246.94 2018
25  Denmark 206.6 2018
26  Czech Republic 193.5 2019[13] Prague Metro alone had 435.6 million passengers in 2017.[26]
27  Portugal 175.5 2019[13] Lisbon Metro alone had 169 million passengers in 2018.[27]
28  Sri Lanka 138.66 2017 [28]
29  South Korea 127.84 2018
30  Hungary 119 2018 Budapest Metro alone had 409.3 million passengers in 2017.[29]
31  Turkey 101 2018 Istanbul Metro alone had 469.7 million passengers in 2018.[30]
32  Finland 92.8 2019[31] 14.9 million / year long-distance
77.9 million / year in Helsinki commuter traffic
33  Canada 84 2017[32]
34  Slovakia 80 2019[13]
35  Belarus 79.86 2018 Minsk Metro alone had 293.7 million passengers in 2019.[33]
36  Bangladesh 77.81 2018
37  Norway 73.51 2017[34] Oslo Metro alone had 122 million passengers in 2018.[35]
38  Romania 67.9 2019[13] Bucharest Metro alone had 178.9 million passengers in 2017.[36]
39  Israel 67.69 2018 Heavy rail only. The Jerusalem Light Rail had an additional 42.5 million passengers in 2017.[37]
40  Mexico 57 2018 Tren Suburbano statistics only[38]
41  Pakistan 52.39 2018
42  Ireland 50.06 2019[13]
43  Thailand 50 2017[39] Bangkok MRT alone had 113.7 million passengers in 2018.[40]
44  Myanmar 48 2017[41]
45  Chile 47 2018[42] Santiago Metro alone had 721 million passengers in 2018.[43]
46  Malaysia 44.51 2018
47  Tunisia 41 2017
48  Algeria 39 2018 Algiers Metro alone had 40 million passengers in 2018.[44]
49  Morocco 35 2018
50  New Zealand 35 2019[45]
51  Iran 28.09 2018 Tehran Metro alone had 721 million passengers in 2016.[46]
52  Luxembourg 25 2019
53  Kazakhstan 22.9 2018
54  Philippines 21.84 2018
55  Uzbekistan 21.59 2018 Tashkent Metro alone had 71.2 million passengers in 2019.[33]
56  Bulgaria 21.3 2019 Sofia Metro alone had 93.1 million passengers in 2018.[47]

Passenger modal share for rail

The modal share of railway transport (excluding tram & metro) as compared to other modes of transport.

Rank Country Modal share (%) year
1  Japan37.22016[4][48]
2  Russia 24.4 2018[49]
3   Switzerland20.92017[50]
4  Austria12.12016[51]
5  Netherlands11.02016[51]
6 India 10.0 2018[52]
7  France9.72016[51]
8  Slovakia9.42016[51]
9  Hungary9.32016[51]
-  Sweden9.32016[51]
10  Czech Republic8.92016[51]
11  United Kingdom8.82016[51]
12  Denmark8.62016[51]
-  Germany8.62016[51]
14  Belgium7.72016[51]
15  Poland7.32016[51]
16  Spain6.62016[51]
17  Indonesia6.32005[53]
18  Italy6.12012[54]
19  Finland5.62016[51]
20  Norway5.12016[51]
21  Luxembourg4.62016[51]
22  Portugal4.22016[51]
-  Romania4.22016[51]
24  Latvia3.42016[51]
25  Ireland2.92016[51]
26  Croatia2.72016[51]
27  Bulgaria2.22016[51]
28  Slovenia2.02016[51]
-  Estonia2.02016[51]
30  Turkey1.42016[51]
31  North Macedonia1.02016[51]
-  Lithuania1.02016[51]
-  Greece1.02016[51]
34  United States0.32004[55]

Passenger rail by passenger-kilometres per capita

Countries with more than five billion passenger-kilometres travelled per year.

Country Kilometers/year Year
  Switzerland 2430.9 2013[56][57]
 Japan 2,142 2016[4][Note 1]
 Austria 1,505 2018[58]
 Denmark 1,329
 France 1,298[59] 2014
 Russia 1,220
 Ukraine 1,150
 Belarus 1,030
 Belgium 1,009
 United Kingdom 981[60] 2015
 Germany 959[61] 2014
 Netherlands 940
 Kazakhstan 880
 Italy 780
 India 777
 Hungary 690
 Czech Republic 660
 China 653
 South Korea 650
 Sweden 620
 Egypt 550
 Spain 460
 Poland 450
 Taiwan 410
 Romania 380
 Iran 180
 Argentina 170
 Pakistan 160
 Thailand 150
 Indonesia 110
 Turkey 80
 United States 80

Freight rail

Tonne-kilometres of rail transport per year
Tonne-km of selected carriers in the European Union, 2003

Countries with more than one billion tonne-kilometres (tkm) travelled per year. Unless otherwise specified, data come from the Railway Statistics 2014 Report by the International Union of Railways.

Rank Country Billion tkm Data year
1 China 3,018[2] 2019
2 Russia 2,596[62] 2018
3 United States 2,326[63] 2016
4 India 1223[64] 2018
5 Canada 352 2011
6 Brazil 267 2014
— European Union 261 2014
7 Ukraine 237 2011
8 Kazakhstan 236 2012
9 Australia 198[65] 2008
10 South Africa 135 2014
11 Mexico 126.9[66] 2017
12 Germany 113[67] 2019
13 Poland 53.8[68] 2019
14 Belarus 45 2014
15 France 31.8[69] 2019
16 United Kingdom 24.4[70] 2014
17 Uzbekistan 22 2012
18 Iran 22 2013
19 Austria 21.7[71] 2019
20 Sweden 21.1[72] 2014
21 Japan 21[73] 2014
22 Italy 21[74] 2019
23 Lithuania 16.2[75] 2019
24 Czech Republic 16.2[76] 2019
25 Latvia 15[77] 2019
26 Turkey 14.7[78] 2019
27 Argentina 12 2010
28 Turkmenistan 12 2012
29 Colombia 12 2009
30  Switzerland 11[79] 2019
31 Spain 10.3[80] 2019
32 South Korea 10 2013
33 Romania 10 2014
34 Finland 9.6[1] 2014
35 Azerbaijan 8 2014
36 Mauritania 8 2010
37 Indonesia 7 2010
38 Netherlands 6[81] 2013
39 Morocco 6 2011
40 Belgium 5 2014
41 Norway 4[81] 2013
42 Chile 4 2009
43 Vietnam 4 2012
44 Malaysia 3 2011
45 Serbia 3 2014
46 Thailand 3 2011
47 Estonia 2.2[82] 2019
48 Gabon 2 2014
49 Croatia 2 2014
50 Denmark 2[81] 2013
51 Tunisia 2 2010
52 Egypt 2 2010
53 Kenya 1.7 2014[83]
54 Israel 1.4 2016[84]
55 Algeria 1 2012
56 Cameroon 1 2011

Tonnes carried in rail transport per year

Countries with more than ten million tonnes carried per year. Unless otherwise specified, data come from the Railway Statistics 2014 Report by the International Union of Railways.

Rank Country Million tonnes Data year
1 China 4,389[2] 2019
2 United States 1,710 2011
3 Australia 1,298[85] 2014
4 India 1,221[86] 2018
5 Russia 1,218[87] 2015
6 Brazil 460 2014
7 Ukraine 457 2011
8 Canada 310 2011
9 Kazakhstan 295 2012
10 Poland 225 [88] 2015
11 Germany 221 2014
12 South Africa 197 2011
13 Belarus 141 2014
14 Mexico 128 2018
15 United Kingdom 110.1[89] 2014
16 Uzbekistan 82 2014
17 Austria 74 2014
18 Sweden 65 [90] 2015
19 France 63 2011
20 Colombia 59 2014
21 Czech Republic 57 2014
22 Latvia 57 2014
23  Switzerland 50[1] 2014
24 Lithuania 49 2014
25 Romania 44 2014
26 South Korea 40 2013
27 Italy 38 2014
28 Finland 37 2014
29 Belgium 37 2009
30 Slovakia 36 2014
31 Morocco 37 2011
32 Iran 33 2013
33 Japan 31 2010
34 Turkmenistan 27 2012
35 Turkey 26 2014
36 Estonia 26 2012
37 Spain 25 2014
38 Chile 25 2013
39 Argentina 24 2010
40 Azerbaijan 23 2012
41 Georgia 20 2012
42 Indonesia 20 2010
43 Mongolia 18 2011
44 Slovenia 17 2014
45 Bosnia and Herzegovina 13 2014
46 Malaysia 12 2011
47 Bulgaria 12 2014
48 Taiwan 11 2012
49 Thailand 11 2011
50 Croatia 10 2014
51 Tunisia 10 2012

Freight modal share for rail

The modal share carried by rail of all freight in a given country.

Rank Country Modal share (%) Data year
1  Canada 68[91] 2009
2  Latvia 61[92] 2012
3  Russia 59[91] 2010
4  Estonia 47[92] 2012
5   Switzerland 46[56] 2012
6  United States 44[91] 2008
7  Austria 41[92] 2012
8  Sweden 40[92] 2012
9  Australia 40[93] 2009
10  Lithuania 38[92] 2012
12  India 33[94] 2016
11  China 31[91] 2009
13  Finland 27[92] 2012
14  Brazil 25[95] 2005
15  Romania 24[92] 2012
16  Germany 23[92] 2012
17  Czech Republic 22[92] 2012
18  Hungary 21[92] 2012
19  Slovakia 20[92] 2012
20  Poland 18[92] 2012
21  Belgium 18[92] 2012
22  France 15[92] 2012
23  Italy 14[92] 2012
24  United Kingdom 12[92] 2012
25  Bulgaria 9[92] 2012
26  Japan 6.2[91] 2010
27  Netherlands 5[92] -
28  Ireland 0.7[96] 2007

Freight rail by tonne-kilometres per capita
Rank Country Tonne-kilometre per capita Data year
1  Russia 12,599
2  Canada 10,517
3  United States 9,165
4  Australia 2,308
5  China 2,150
6   Switzerland 1,480[56][57] 2013
7  Germany 1,060
   European Union 782

Brief railway statistics by country
Country area (million km2) pop (million) Rail company Net (thousand km) Double (thousand km) Electrified (thousand km) HSR (thousand km) passenger-km (billion) tonne-km (billion) HS. pkm Pass. modal % Frt. modal % Pass/ pop % Elec %
 Austria 0.08 8.57 ÖBB 9.8[97] 4.9[97] 3.5[97] 0.28 11.2[97] 32.9[97] 12.1[51] 41[92] 73
 Brazil 8.54 209 29 0.5 232
 China 9.6 1,397[98] CR 141[2] 83 100 36 1470 3018 200 31 71.9
 Egypt 1 93 ENR 5 1.5 0.07 41 4 6.1
 France 0.55 64 SNCF 29 16 14 1.8 81 40 48 16.8
 Germany 0.36 80.68 DB 34 18 20 1.2 74 91 22 10 17 22.4 60
 India 3.28 1,326 IR 67.3 17.4 40.5 696 481 5.5 64
 Iran 1.6 80.04 RAI 7 1 0.15 0.25 13 21 0 4 7 0.3 1
 Italy 0.3 59 FS 16 7 12 0.82 45 21 9
 Japan 0.38 126 JR 20 8 12 2.5 253 23 79 29 69.6 100
 Kazakhstan 2.72 17 KTZ 14 5 4 14 191
 Morocco 0.44 34 ONCFM 2 0.6 1 4 6 0.8 89
 Netherlands 0.04 17 NS 3.2 2.0 2.3 0.1 17.8 6 8.8 5 76.4
 Pakistan .796 192 PR 7 0.3 26 6
 Poland 0.31 38 PKP 19 9 12
 Russia 17.09 143 RZD 128 36 48 1.3 173 2090 14 42 67 9.1 80
 Slovakia 0.049 5.45 ŽSR 3.627[99] 1.587[99] 0 3.815[100] 6.729[100] 0
 South Africa 1.22 54 SAR 24 2 8 14 109 11
 South Korea 0.1 50 KNR 3 1 2 0.32 32 11 10 20.4 20
 Spain 0.51 46 Renfe 15 5 9 1.27 21 11 4
  Switzerland 0.041 8.38 SBB 4 2 3 15 13 40.9 100
 Taiwan 0.036 23 TRA 1 0.67 0.69 0.33 9 1
 Turkey 0.78 79 TCDD 9 04 1.9 0.25 6 10 24
 United Kingdom 0.24 65 NR 16 5 0.3 48 21 65
 United States 9.6 324 AMTK 227 2820 42 1
 World 149 7,432 900 250 240 35.44 2468 9486 178 10 20 50

See also

Notes
  1. Only includes JR rail group companies. Including all passenger rail the figure is 3,400.

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