List of felids

Felidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, colloquially referred to as cats. A member of this family is called a felid.[1][2] The term "cat" refers both to felids in general and specifically to domestic cats. The characteristic features of cats have evolved to support a carnivorous lifestyle, with adaptations for ambush or stalking and short pursuit hunting. They have slender muscular bodies, strong flexible forelimbs and retractable claws for holding prey, dental and cranial adaptations for a strong bite, and often have characteristic striped or spotted coat patterns for camouflage.[3][4]

Left to right, top to bottom: tiger (Panthera tigris), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), serval (Leptailurus serval, cougar (Puma concolor)), fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), and European wildcat (Felis silvestris)
Range of Felidae. Blue is the range of Felinae (excluding the domestic cat), green is the range of Pantherinae.

Felidae comprises two extant subfamilies, the Pantherinae and the Felinae. The former includes the five Panthera species tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, and snow leopard, as well as the two Neofelis species clouded leopard and Sunda clouded leopard.[2] The subfamily Felinae includes 12 genera and 34 species, such as the bobcat, caracal, cheetah, cougar, ocelot, and common domestic cat.[5]

Traditionally, five subfamilies have been distinguished within the Felidae based on phenotypical features: the Felinae, the Pantherinae, the Acinonychinae (cheetahs), the extinct Machairodontinae, and the extinct Proailurinae.[6] Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that living (extant) felids fall into eight lineages (clades).[7][8] The placement of the cheetah within the Puma lineage invalidates the traditional subfamily Acinonychinae, and recent sources use only two subfamilies for extant genera.[5] The number of accepted species in Felidae has been around 40 since the 18th century, though research, especially modern molecular phylogenetic analysis, has over time adjusted the generally accepted genera as well as the divisions between recognized subspecies, species, and population groups.[9] In addition to the extant species listed here, over 30 fossil genera have been described; these are divided into the subfamilies Felinae, Pantherinae, Proailurinae, and Machairodontinae. This final subfamily includes the genus Smilodon, known as the saber-toothed tiger, which went extinct around 10,000 years ago. The earliest known felid genus is Proailurus, part of Proailurinae, which lived approximately 25 million years ago in Eurasia.[10]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically endangered (0 species)
 EN Endangered (5 species)
 VU Vulnerable (13 species)
 NT Near threatened (7 species)
 LC Least concern (14 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (0 species)
 NE Not evaluated (2 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the cat's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN red list for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".

Classification

The family Felidae consists of 41 extant species belonging to 14 genera and divided into 92 subspecies. This does not include hybrid species (such as the liger) or extinct prehistoric species (such as Smilodon). Modern molecular studies indicate that the 14 genera can be grouped into 8 lineages.[9]

Subfamily Felinae: small and medium-sized cats

Subfamily Pantherinae: large cats

  Felidae  
Panthera lineage
  Pantherinae  

Panthera

Neofelis

  Felinae  
Bay cat lineage

Catopuma

Pardofelis

Caracal lineage

Caracal

Ocelot lineage

Leopardus

Lynx lineage

Lynx

Puma lineage

Puma

Herpailurus

Acinonyx

Leopard Cat lineage

Prionailurus

Otocolobus

Felis

Domestic Cat lineage

Felids

The following classification is based on the most recent proposals, as codified in 2017 by the Cat Specialist Group of the IUCN.[9] Range maps are based on IUCN range data.

Subfamily Felinae

Bay Cat lineage

Genus Catopuma (Severtzov, 1858) – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Asian golden cat

C. temminckii
Vigors & Horsfield, 1827

Scattered areas of Southeast Asia
Size: 71–105 cm (28–41 in) long, 40–56 cm (16–22 in) tail[11]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and shrubland[12]

Diet: Mostly unknown, with evidence of preying on rodents, squirrels, and snakes[12]
 NT 


Unknown [12]

Bay cat

C. badia
Gray, 1874
The island of Borneo
Size: 53–67 cm (21–26 in) long, 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[13]

Habitat: Forest[14]

Diet: Unknown[14]
 EN 


2,200 [14]

Genus Pardofelis (Severtzov, 1858) – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Marbled cat

P. marmorata
Martin, 1836

Parts of Southeast Asia
Size: 45–62 cm (18–24 in) long, 36–55 cm (14–22 in) tail[15]

Habitat: Forest[16]

Diet: Likely preys on rodents, squirrels, and birds[16]
 NT 


Unknown [16]

Caracal lineage

Genus Caracal (Gray, 1843) – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
African golden cat

C. aurata
Temminck, 1827

Central Africa
Size: 65–90 cm (26–35 in) long, 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[17]

Habitat: Forest[18]

Diet: Preys mainly on rodents and squirrels, along with antelope and primates[18]
 VU 


Unknown [18]

Caracal

C. caracal
Schreber, 1776

Most of non-desert Africa and Middle East
Size: 80–100 cm (31–39 in) long, 20–34 cm (8–13 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Forest, desert, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[20]

Diet: Preys mainly on rodents, as well as antelope, birds, reptiles, and fish[20]
 LC 


Unknown [20]

Genus Leptailurus (Severtzov, 1858) – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Serval

L. serval
Schreber, 1776

Non-rainforest sub-Saharan Africa
Size: 59–100 cm (23–39 in) long, 20–38 cm (8–15 in) tail[21]

Habitat: Grassland, inland wetlands, forest, and savanna[22]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals and rodents, as well as birds, reptiles, and arthropods[22]
 LC 


Unknown [22]

Ocelot lineage

Genus Leopardus (Gray, 1842) – eight species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Andean mountain cat

L. jacobita
Cornalia, 1865
Andes mountains
Size: 57–65 cm (22–26 in) long, 41–48 cm (16–19 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, and grassland[24]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents, as well as other small mammals[24]
 EN 


1,400 [24]

Geoffroy's cat

L. geoffroyi
d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1844
Southern and central regions of South America
Size: 43–88 cm (17–35 in) long, 23–40 cm (9–16 in) tail[25]

Habitat: Savanna, forest, shrubland, and grassland[26]

Diet: Primarily preys on small rodents, birds, and rabbits[26]
 LC 


Unknown [26]

Kodkod

L. guigna
Molina, 1782

Central and southern Chile
Size: 37–56 cm (15–22 in) long, 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail[27]

Habitat: Shrubland and forest[28]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, especially rodents, and also small marsupials, birds, reptiles, and carrion[28]
 VU 


6,000–92,000 [28]

Margay

L. wiedii
Schinz, 1821

Most of South America and Central America
Size: 46–69 cm (18–27 in) long, 23–52 cm (9–20 in) tail[29]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and savanna[30]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, as well as lizards and birds[30]
 NT 


Unknown [30]

Ocelot

L. pardalis
Linnaeus, 1758

Most of South and Central America
Size: 50–102 cm (20–40 in) long, 30–50 cm (12–20 in) tail[31]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and savanna[32]

Diet: Primarily preys on small and medium mammals, birds and reptiles[32]
 LC 


Unknown [32]

Oncilla

L. tigrinus
Schreber, 1775

Most of South America
Size: 38–59 cm (15–23 in) long, 20–42 cm (8–17 in) tail[33]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[34]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, birds and reptiles[34]
 VU 


9,000–10,000 [34]

Pampas cat

L. colocola
Molina, 1782

West coast of South America and parts of Brazil
Size: 42–79 cm (17–31 in) long, 22–33 cm (9–13 in) tail[35]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert[36]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals and ground-dwelling birds[36]
 NT 


Unknown [36]

Southern tiger cat L. guttulus
Hensel, 1872
Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay
Size: 38–59 cm (15–23 in) long, 20–42 cm (8–17 in) tail[37]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[38]

Diet: Preys primarily on small mammals, birds and lizards[38]
 VU 


6,000 [38]

Lynx lineage

Genus Lynx (Kerr, 1792) – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Bobcat

L. rufus
Schreber, 1777

Most of the United States and parts of Canada and Mexico
Size: 50–120 cm (20–47 in) long, 9–25 cm (4–10 in) tail[39]

Habitat: Desert, shrubland, savanna, forest, and grassland[40]

Diet: Primarily preys on rabbits, along with rodents and small or medium-sized mammals[40]
 LC 


Unknown [40]

Canada lynx

L. canadensis
Kerr, 1792
Canada, Alaska, and parts of northern United States
Size: 73–106 cm (29–42 in) long, 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail[41]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[42]

Diet: Preys almost exclusively on hares, especially snowshoe hares[42]
 LC 


Unknown [42]

Eurasian lynx

L. lynx
Linnaeus, 1758

Eastern Europe, Russia, and parts of China
Size: 90–120 cm (35–47 in) long, 19–23 cm (7–9 in) tail[43]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, desert, rocky areas, and grassland[44]

Diet: Primarily preys on deer, as well as other small or medium-sized mammals and birds[44]
 LC 


Unknown [44]

Iberian lynx

L. pardinus
Temminck, 1827
Scattered pockets of Spain and Portugal
Size: 65–92 cm (26–36 in) long, 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[45]

Habitat: Shrubland[46]

Diet: Preys almost exclusively on the European rabbit[46]
 EN 


160 [46]

Puma lineage

Genus Acinonyx (Brookes, 1828) – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Cheetah

A. jubatus
Schreber, 1775

Southern Africa, central Africa, and Iran
Size: 113–140 cm (44–55 in) long, 60–84 cm (24–33 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Desert, grassland, savanna, and shrubland[48]

Diet: Preys mainly upon antelopes and gazelles[48]
 VU 


6,700 [48]

Genus Herpailurus (Saint-Hilaire, 1803) – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Jaguarundi

H. yagouaroundi
Saint-Hilaire, 1803
Most of South and Central America
Size: 49–78 cm (19–31 in) long, 28–59 cm (11–23 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, savanna, and forest[50]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, birds and reptiles[50]
 LC 


Unknown [50]

Genus Puma (Jardine, 1834) – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Cougar

P. concolor
Linnaeus, 1771

South America and Western North America
Size: 100–150 cm (39–59 in) long, 60–90 cm (24–35 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest, desert, grassland, savanna, and shrubland[52]

Diet: Primarily prey on deer, as well as smaller mammals such as feral pigs, raccoons and armadillos[52]
 LC 


Unknown [52]

Leopard Cat lineage

Genus Otocolobus (Brandt, 1841) – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Pallas's cat

O. manul
Pallas, 1776

Central Asia
Size: 46–65 cm (18–26 in) long, 21–31 cm (8–12 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Rocky areas, grassland, shrubland, and desert[54]

Diet: Preys primarily on small mammals, especially pikas, as well as rodents and birds[54]
 NT 


15,000 [54]

Genus Prionailurus (Severtzov, 1858) – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Fishing cat

P. viverrinus
Bennett, 1833

South and Southeast Asia
Size: 65–85 cm (26–33 in) long, 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[55]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, shrubland, grassland, and forest[56]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents, birds and fish[56]
 VU 


Unknown [56]

Flat-headed cat

P. planiceps
Vigors & Horsfield, 1827
The Thai-Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra
Size: 45–52 cm (18–20 in) long, 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail[57]

Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest[58]

Diet: Preys primarily on fish, as well as birds and small rodents[58]
 EN 


2,500 [58]

Leopard cat

P. bengalensis
Kerr, 1792

Eastern Asia
Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[59]

Habitat: Grassland, inland wetlands, shrubland, and forest[60]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents, particularly murids, as well as other small mammals, eels, and fish[60]
 LC 


Unknown [60]

Rusty-spotted cat

P. rubiginosus
Saint-Hilaire, 1834

India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal
Size: 35–48 cm (14–19 in) long, 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail[61]

Habitat: Desert, savanna, grassland, shrubland, and forest[62]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents[62]
 NT 


Unknown [62]

Sunda leopard cat

P. javanensis
Desmarest, 1816

Sundaland islands of Java, Bali, Borneo, Sumatra and the Philippines
Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[59]

Habitat: Forest[63]

Diet: Primarily feeds on rodents, as well as amphibians, lizards, and birds[63][64]
 NE 


Unknown

Domestic cat lineage

Genus Felis (Linnaeus, 1758) – seven species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
African wildcat

F. lybica
Forster, 1780

Africa, West and Central Asia, northern India and western China
Size: 45–80 cm (18–31 in) long, 30 cm (12 in) tail[65]

Habitat: Forest, desert, shrubland, savanna, and grassland[66]

Diet: Preys on rodents and rabbits, and to a lesser extent birds and other small animals[66]
 LC 


Unknown [66]

Black-footed cat

F. nigripes
Burchell, 1824
Southern Africa
Size: 37–52 cm (15–20 in) long, 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[67]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and desert[68]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals and birds[68]
 VU 


9,700 [68]

Chinese mountain cat

F. bieti
Milne-Edwards, 1892
Northwest China
Size: 60–85 cm (24–33 in) long, 29–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[69]

Habitat: Grassland and forest[70]

Diet: Unknown[70]
 VU 


10,000 [70]

Domestic cat

F. catus
Linnaeus, 1758
Worldwide Size: 46 cm (18 in) long, 30 cm (12 in) tail[71]

Habitat: Domesticated; feral cats have a cosmopolitan distribution in forests, grasslands, tundra, coastal areas, agricultural land, scrublands, urban areas, and wetlands[72]

Diet: Preys primarily on birds and small mammals in the wild[72]
 NE 


Over 500 million[73]

European wildcat

F. silvestris
Schreber, 1777

Spain, the Balkans, and Central Europe
Size: 45–80 cm (18–31 in) long, 30 cm (12 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Shrubland and forest [75]

Diet: Preys on rodents and rabbits, and to a lesser extent birds[75]
 LC 


Unknown [75]

Jungle cat

F. chaus
Schreber, 1777

India and parts of the Middle East and Southeast Asia
Size: 58–76 cm (23–30 in) long, 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest, wetlands (inland), desert, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[77]

Diet: Preys primarily on small mammals and rodents, as well as birds and other small animals[77]
 LC 


Unknown [77]

Sand cat

F. margarita
Loche, 1858

Scattered areas in Western Africa, Saudi Arabia, and near the Caspian Sea
Size: 39–52 cm (15–20 in) long, 22–31 cm (9–12 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Desert[79]

Diet: Preys primarily on small rodents, as well as small birds and lizards[79]
 LC 


Unknown [79]

Subfamily Pantherinae

Panthera lineage

Genus Neofelis (Gray, 1867) – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Clouded leopard

N. nebulosa
Griffith, 1821
Pockets of China and Southeast Asia
Size: 69–108 cm (27–43 in) long, 61–91 cm (24–36 in) tail[80]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[81]

Diet: Preys primarily on medium-sized and small mammals on the ground and in trees, as well as birds[81]
 VU 


Unknown [81]

Sunda clouded leopard

N. diardi
Cuvier, 1823

Parts of Sumatra and Borneo
Size: 69–108 cm (27–43 in) long, 61–91 cm (24–36 in) tail[82]

Habitat: Forest[83]

Diet: Preys primarily on medium-sized and small mammals[83]
 VU 


4,500 [83]

Genus Panthera (Oken, 1816) – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[lower-alpha 1]
Jaguar

P. onca
Linnaeus, 1758
Large swathes of South and Latin America
Size: 110–170 cm (43–67 in) long, 44–80 cm (17–31 in) tail[84]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, inland wetlands, savanna, and grassland[85]

Diet: Preys on a variety of mammals, reptiles and birds, preferring ungulates[85]
 NT 


Unknown [85]

Leopard

P. pardus
Linnaeus, 1758

Middle third of Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Siberia
Size: 91–191 cm (36–75 in) long, 51–101 cm (20–40 in) tail[86]

Habitat: Forest, desert, rocky areas, grassland, savanna, and shrubland[87]

Diet: Primarily preys on ungulates, as well as other mammals, insects, reptiles, and birds[87]
 VU 


Unknown [87]

Lion

P. leo
Linnaeus, 1758

Scattered sections of Africa and India
Size: 137–250 cm (54–98 in) long, 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tail[88]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, shrubland, savanna, and desert[89]

Diet: Primarily preys on ungulates such as antelopes, zebra and wildebeest, as well as other small to large mammals[89]
 VU 


23,000–39,000 [89]

Snow leopard

P. uncia
Schreber, 1775
Himalayas reaching north to Mongolia
Size: 90–120 cm (35–47 in) long, 80–100 cm (31–39 in) tail[90]

Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, forest, and grassland[91]

Diet: Primarily preys on caprids such as sheep and goats, as well as small mammals and birds[91]
 VU 


2,700–3,400 [91]

Tiger

P. tigris
Linnaeus, 1758

Scattered sections of Southeast Asia, India, and Siberia
Size: 150–230 cm (59–91 in) long, 90–110 cm (35–43 in) tail[92]

Habitat: Shrubland, forest, and grassland[93]

Diet: Primarily preys on deer and wild pigs, as well as a wide variety of other animals[93]
 EN 


2,200–3,200 [93]

Notes

  1. Population figures rounded to the nearest hundred. Population trends as described by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

References

  1. Salles, L. O. (1992). "Felid phylogenetics: extant taxa and skull morphology (Felidae, Aeluroidea)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3047). OCLC 47720325. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 18, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  2. Johnson, W. E.; Dratch, P. A.; Martenson, J. S.; O'Brien, S. J. (1996). "Resolution of recent radiations within three evolutionary lineages of Felidae using mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphism variation". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 3 (2): 97–120. doi:10.1007/bf01454358. S2CID 38348868.
  3. Sunquist, M.; Sunquist, F. (2002). Wild Cats of the World. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77999-7.
  4. Pocock, R. I. (1917). "VII.—On the external characters of the Felidæ". Journal of Natural History. 19 (109): 113−136. doi:10.1080/00222931709486916. OCLC 1056258760.
  5. Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Felidae". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 532–548. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  6. McKenna, M. C.; Bell, S. K. (2000). Classification of Mammals. Columbia University Press. p. 631. ISBN 978-0-231-11013-6.
  7. Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (1997). "Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 44 Suppl 1 (S1): S98–116. Bibcode:1997JMolE..44S..98J. doi:10.1007/PL00000060. PMID 9071018. S2CID 40185850.
  8. O'Brien, S. J.; Johnson, W. E. (2005). "Big cat genomics". Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. 6: 407–429. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.6.080604.162151. PMID 16124868.
  9. Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 26–29. OCLC 31050555. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 30, 2018. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  10. Werdelin, L.; Yamaguchi, N.; Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae)". In Macdonald, D. W.; Loveridge, A. J. (eds.). Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-0-19-923445-5.
  11. "CatSG: Asiatic Golden Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  12. McCarthy, J.; Dahal, S.; Dhendup, T.; Gray, T. N. E.; Mukherjee, S.; Rahman, H.; Boontua, N.; Wilcox, D. (2015). "Catopuma temminckii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T4038A50651004. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T4038A50651004.en.
  13. "CatSG: Borneo Bay Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  14. Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Loken, B.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2017). "Catopuma badia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4037A50650716. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4037A50650716.en.
  15. "CatSG: Marbled Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  16. Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Datta, A.; Hearn, A.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A.; Singh, P.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Pardofelis marmorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16218A97164299. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T16218A97164299.en.
  17. "CatSG: African Golden Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 19, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  18. Bahaa-el-din, L.; Mills, D.; Hunter, L.; Henschel, P. (2015). "Caracal aurata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18306A50663128. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T18306A50663128.en.
  19. "CatSG: Caracal". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on September 11, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  20. Avgan, B.; Henschel, P.; Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3847A50650230. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3847A50650230.en.
  21. "CatSG: Serval". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 24, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  22. Thiel, C. (2015). "Leptailurus serval". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11638A50654625. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T11638A50654625.en.
  23. "CatSG: Andean Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on August 3, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  24. Villalba, L.; Lucherini, M.; Walker, S.; Lagos, N.; Cossios, D.; Bennett, M.; Huaranca, J. (2016). "Leopardus jacobita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15452A50657407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15452A50657407.en.
  25. "CatSG: Geoffroy's Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on January 19, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  26. Pereira, J.; Lucherini, M.; Trigo, T. (2015). "Leopardus geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15310A50657011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15310A50657011.en.
  27. "CatSG: Guiña". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  28. Napolitano, C.; Gálvez, N.; Bennett, M.; Acosta-Jamett, G.; Sanderson, J. (2015). "Leopardus guigna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15311A50657245. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15311A50657245.en.
  29. "CatSG: Margay". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  30. de Oliveira, T.; Paviolo, A.; Schipper, J.; Bianchi, R.; Payan, E.; Carvajal, S. V. (2015). "Leopardus wiedii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11511A50654216. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T11511A50654216.en.
  31. "CatSG: Ocelot". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  32. Paviolo, A.; Crawshaw, P.; Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A.; Kelly, M.; De Angelo, C.; Payan, E. (2016). "Leopardus pardalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11509A50653476. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T11509A50653476.en.
  33. "CatSG: Northern Tiger Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on January 20, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  34. Payan, E.; de Oliveira, T. (2016). "Leopardus tigrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T54012637A50653881. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T54012637A50653881.en.
  35. "CatSG: Pampas Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  36. Lucherini, M.; Eizirik, E.; de Oliveira, T.; Pereira, J.; Williams, R. S. R. (2016). "Leopardus colocolo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15309A97204446. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15309A97204446.en.
  37. "CatSG: Southern tiger cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  38. de Oliveira, T.; Trigo, T.; Tortato, M.; Paviolo, A.; Bianchi, R.; Leite-Pitman, M. R. P. (2016). "Leopardus guttulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T54010476A54010576. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T54010476A54010576.en.
  39. "CatSG: Bobcat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  40. Kelly, M.; Morin, D.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2016). "Lynx rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12521A50655874. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12521A50655874.en.
  41. "CatSG: Canada lynx". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  42. Vashon, J. (2016). "Lynx canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12518A101138963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12518A101138963.en.
  43. "CatSG: Eurasian lynx". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  44. Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W.; Avgan, B. (2017). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  45. "CatSG: Iberian lynx". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  46. Rodríguez, A.; Calzada, J. (2015). "Lynx pardinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12520A50655794. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12520A50655794.en.
  47. "CatSG: Cheetah". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 11, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  48. Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A.; Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T219A50649567. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T219A50649567.en.
  49. "CatSG: Jaguarundi". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on September 21, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  50. Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T.; Carvajal, S. V. (2015). "Herpailurus yagouaroundi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T9948A50653167. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T9948A50653167.en.
  51. "CatSG: Puma". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  52. Nielsen, C.; Thompson, D.; Kelly, M.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2016). "Puma concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18868A50663436. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18868A50663436.en.
  53. "CatSG: Pallas's Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  54. Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Farhadinia, M. S.; Appel, A.; Riordan, P.; Sanderson, J.; Munkhtsog, B. (2016). "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15640A87840229. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15640A87840229.en.
  55. "CatSG: Fishing Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  56. Mukherjee, S.; Appel, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Sanderson, J.; Dahal, S.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Herranz Muñoz, V.; Malla, G.; Ratnayaka, A.; Kantimahanti, M.; Thudugala, A.; Thaung, R.; Rahman, H. (2016). "Prionailurus viverrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T18150A50662615. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T18150A50662615.en.
  57. "CatSG: Flat-headed Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  58. Wilting, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Lynam, A.; Mathai, J.; McCarthy, J.; Meijaard, E.; Mohamed, A.; Ross, J.; Sunarto, S.; Traeholt, C. (2015). "Prionailurus planiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18148A50662095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T18148A50662095.en.
  59. "CatSG: Leopard Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  60. Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A.; Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18146A50661611. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18146A50661611.en.
  61. "CatSG: Rusty-spotted Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on January 12, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  62. Mukherjee, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Silva, A.; Appel, A.; Kittle, A. (2016). "Prionailurus rubiginosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T18149A50662471. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T18149A50662471.en.
  63. Lorica, M. R. P.; Heaney, L. R. (2013). "Survival of a native mammalian carnivore, the leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr, 1792 (Carnivora: Felidae), in an agricultural landscape on an oceanic Philippine island". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 5 (10): 4451–4460. doi:10.11609/JoTT.o3352.4451-60. ISSN 0974-7907.
  64. Fernandez, D. A. P.; de Guia, A. P. O. (2011). "Feeding habits of Visayan leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis rabori) in sugarcane fields of Negros Occidental, Philippines". Asia Life Sciences. 20 (1): 141–152. ISSN 0117-3375.
  65. "CatSG: African wildcat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  66. Yamaguchi, N.; Kitchener, A.; Driscoll, C.; Nussberger, B. (2015). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T60354712A50652361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T60354712A50652361.en.
  67. "CatSG: Black-footed cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  68. Sliwa, A.; Wilson, B.; Küsters, M.; Tordiffe, A. (2016). "Felis nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8542A50652196. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T8542A50652196.en.
  69. "CatSG: Chinese mountain cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  70. Riordan, P.; Sanderson, J.; Bao, W.; Sanderson, A.; Shi, K. (2015). "Felis biet". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T8539A50651398. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T8539A50651398.en.
  71. Nowak, Ronald M.; Walker, Ernest P. (2005). Walker's Carnivores of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-8018-8033-9.
  72. Invasive Species Specialist Group (2006). "Ecology of Felis catus". Global Invasive Species Database. Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
  73. Wade, N. (2007). "Study Traces Cat's Ancestry to Middle East". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2008.
  74. "CatSG: European wildcat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  75. Herrmann, M.; Kitchener, A.; Meinig, H.; Stubbe, M.; Fernandes, M.; Conroy, J.; Giannatos, G.; Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Olszanska, A. (2017). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T60354712A112955994.
  76. "CatSG: Jungle cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  77. Gray, T. N. E.; Timmins, R. J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J. W.; Baral, H.; Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8540A50651463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8540A50651463.en.
  78. "CatSG: Sand cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  79. Sliwa, A.; Ghadirian, T.; Appel, A.; Banfield, L.; Sher Shah, M.; Wacher, T. (2016). "Felis margarita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8541A50651884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8541A50651884.en.
  80. "CatSG: Mainland clouded leopard". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  81. Grassman, L.; Lynam, A.; Mohamad, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Bora, J.; Wilcox, D.; Ghimirey, Y.; Reza, A.; Rahman, H. (2016). "Neofelis nebulosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14519A97215090. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14519A97215090.en.
  82. "CatSG: Sunda clouded leopard". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  83. Hearn, A.; Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Haidir, I. A.; Loken, B.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; McCarthy, J. (2016). "Neofelis diardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T136603A50664601. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136603A50664601.en.
  84. "CatSG: Jaguar". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  85. Quigley, H.; Foster, R.; Petracca, L.; Payan, E.; Salom, R.; Harmsen, B. (2018). "Panthera onca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15953A50658693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15953A50658693.en.
  86. "CatSG: Leopard". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  87. Stein, A. B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I.; Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15954A50659089. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15954A50659089.en.
  88. "CatSG: African lion". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 11, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  89. Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P.; Nowell, K. (2017). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15951A107265605. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15951A107265605.en.
  90. "CatSG: Snow leopard". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  91. McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P.; McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22732A50664030. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T22732A50664030.en.
  92. "CatSG: Tiger". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  93. Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y.; Karanth, U. (2015). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15955A50659951. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15955A50659951.en.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.