List of historically black colleges and universities

This list of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) lists institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before 1964 with the intention of primarily serving the black community.[1][2]

Alabama leads the nation with the number of HBCUS, followed by North Carolina then Georgia.

Current institutions

School	City	State/Territory	Founded	Type	Religious Affiliation	Comment	Regionally accredited[3]
Alabama A&M University	Normal	Alabama	1875	Public		Founded as "Colored Normal School at Huntsville"	Yes
Alabama State University	Montgomery	Alabama	1867	Public		Founded as "Lincoln Normal School of Marion"	Yes
Albany State University	Albany	Georgia	1903	Public		Founded as "Albany Bible and Manual Training Institute"	Yes
Alcorn State University	Lorman	Mississippi	1871	Public		Founded as "Alcorn University" in honor of James L. Alcorn	Yes
Allen University	Columbia	South Carolina	1870	Private	African Methodist Episcopal	Founded as "Payne Institute"	Yes
American Baptist College	Nashville	Tennessee	1924	Private	Baptist	Federal designation as a historically Black college or university was awarded on March 20, 2013 by the U.S. Education Department.[4]	Yes
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff	Pine Bluff	Arkansas	1873	Public		Founded as "Branch Normal College"	Yes
Arkansas Baptist College	Little Rock	Arkansas	1884	Private	Baptist	Founded as "Minister’s Institute"[5]	Yes
Barber-Scotia College	Concord	North Carolina	1867	Private	Presbyterian	Founded as two institutions, Scotia Seminary and Barber Memorial College	No
Benedict College	Columbia	South Carolina	1870	Private	American Baptist Churches USA	Founded as "Benedict Institute"	Yes
Bennett College	Greensboro	North Carolina	1873	Private	United Methodist Church	Founded as "Bennett Seminary"	Yes
Bethune-Cookman University	Daytona Beach	Florida	1904	Private	United Methodist Church	Founded as "Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls"	Yes
Bishop State Community College	Mobile	Alabama	1927	Public		Originally a branch of Alabama State College	Yes
Bluefield State College	Bluefield	West Virginia	1895	Public		Founded as "Bluefield Colored Institute"	Yes
Bowie State University	Bowie	Maryland	1865	Public		Founded as "Baltimore Normal School"	Yes
Central State University	Wilberforce	Ohio	1887	Public	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Originally a department at Wilberforce University[6]	Yes
Cheyney University of Pennsylvania	Cheyney	Pennsylvania	1837	Public		The oldest HBCU. Founded by Quaker philanthropist Richard Humphreys as "Institute for Colored Youth"	Yes
Claflin University	Orangeburg	South Carolina	1869	Private	United Methodist Church		Yes
Clark Atlanta University	Atlanta	Georgia	1865	Private	United Methodist Church	Originally two institutions, Clark College and Atlanta University	Yes
Clinton College	Rock Hill	South Carolina	1894	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church	Founded as "Clinton Institute"[7]	Yes
Coahoma Community College	Coahoma County	Mississippi	1924	Public		Founded as "Coahoma County Agricultural High School"	Yes
Coppin State University	Baltimore	Maryland	1900	Public		Founded as "Colored High School"	Yes
Delaware State University	Dover	Delaware	1891	Public		Founded as "The Delaware College for Colored Students"	Yes
Denmark Technical College	Denmark	South Carolina	1947	Public		Founded as "Denmark Area Trade School"[8]	Yes
Dillard University	New Orleans	Louisiana	1869	Private	United Church of Christ and the United Methodist Church	Founding predecessor institutions: "Straight University" and "New Orleans University"	Yes
University of the District of Columbia	Washington	District of Columbia	1851	Public		Founded as "Miner Normal School"	Yes
Edward Waters College	Jacksonville	Florida	1866	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Founded as "Brown Theological Institute"	Yes
Elizabeth City State University	Elizabeth City	North Carolina	1891	Public			Yes
Fayetteville State University	Fayetteville	North Carolina	1867	Public		Founded as "Howard School"	Yes
Fisk University	Nashville	Tennessee	1866	Private	United Church of Christ[9]	Named for Clinton Bowen Fisk	Yes
Florida A&M University	Tallahassee	Florida	1887	Public		Founded as "State Normal College for Colored Students"	Yes
Florida Memorial University	Miami Gardens	Florida	1879	Private	American Baptist Churches USA	Founded as "Florida Baptist Institute in Live Oak"	Yes
Fort Valley State University	Fort Valley	Georgia	1895	Public		Founded as "Fort Valley High and Industrial School"	Yes
Gadsden State Community College	Gadsden	Alabama	1925	Public		Founded as "Alabama School of Trades"	Yes
Grambling State University	Grambling	Louisiana	1901	Public		Founded as "Colored Industrial and Agricultural School"	Yes
Hampton University	Hampton	Virginia	1868	Private		Founded as "Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute"	Yes
Harris-Stowe State University	St. Louis	Missouri	1857	Public		Founded as "St. Louis Normal School" for whites in 1857, with Stowe Teachers College begun in 1890 for blacks; merged in 1954 [10]	Yes
Hinds Community College at Utica	Utica	Mississippi	1903	Public		Founded as "Utica Junior College"	Yes
Howard University	Washington	District of Columbia	1867	Private		Founded as "Howard Normal and Theological School for the Education of Teachers and Preachers"	Yes
Huston-Tillotson University	Austin	Texas	1875	Private	United Methodist Church /United Church of Christ	Founded as "Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute"	Yes
Interdenominational Theological Center	Atlanta	Georgia	1958	Private	Interdenominational		Yes
J. F. Drake State Technical College	Huntsville	Alabama	1961	Public		Founded as "Huntsville State Vocational Technical School"	Yes
Jackson State University	Jackson	Mississippi	1877	Public		Founded as "Natchez Seminary" by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, became public in 1942	Yes
Jarvis Christian College	Hawkins	Texas	1912	Private	The Disciples		Yes
Johnson C. Smith University	Charlotte	North Carolina	1867	Private	Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)	Founded as "Biddle Memorial Institute"	Yes
Kentucky State University	Frankfort	Kentucky	1886	Public		Founded as "State Normal School for Colored Persons"	Yes
Knoxville College	Knoxville (Mechanicsville)	Tennessee	1875	Private	United Presbyterian Church of North America		No
Lane College	Jackson	Tennessee	1882	Private	Christian Methodist Episcopal Church	Founded as "Colored Methodist Episcopal High School"[11]	Yes
Langston University	Langston	Oklahoma	1897	Public		Founded as "Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University"	Yes
Lawson State Community College	Bessemer	Alabama	1949	Public			Yes
LeMoyne-Owen College	Memphis	Tennessee	1862	Private	United Church of Christ	Founded as "LeMoyne Normal and Commercial School"[12] (elementary school until 1870)	Yes
Lincoln University	Chester County	Pennsylvania	1854	Public		Founded as "Ashmun Institute"	Yes
Lincoln University of Missouri	Jefferson City	Missouri	1866	Public		Founded as "Lincoln Institute"[13]	Yes
Livingstone College	Salisbury	North Carolina	1879	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church	Founded as "Zion Wesley Institute"	Yes
University of Maryland Eastern Shore	Princess Anne	Maryland	1886	Public	Originally: Methodist Episcopal	Founded as "Delaware Conference Academy"	Yes
Meharry Medical College	Nashville	Tennessee	1876	Private	United Methodist Church	Founded as the Medical Department of Central Tennessee College	Yes
Miles College	Fairfield	Alabama	1898	Private	CME Church	Known until 1941 as "Miles Memorial College"; named after Bishop William H. Miles	Yes
Mississippi Valley State University	Itta Bena	Mississippi	1950	Public		Founded as "Mississippi Vocational College"	Yes
Morehouse College	Atlanta	Georgia	1867	Private	Originally: American Baptist Home Mission Society	Founded as "Augusta Institute"	Yes
Morehouse School of Medicine	Atlanta	Georgia	1975	Private		Founded as a part of Morehouse College	Yes
Morgan State University	Baltimore	Maryland	1867	Public	Originally: Methodist Episcopal	Founded as "Centenary Biblical Institute"	Yes
Morris Brown College	Atlanta	Georgia	1881	Private	African Methodist Episcopal	Named after the second Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church	No
Morris College	Sumter	South Carolina	1908	Private	Baptist Educational and Missionary Convention		Yes
Norfolk State University	Norfolk	Virginia	1935	Public		Founded as "Norfolk Unit of Virginia State University"[14]	Yes
North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University	Greensboro	North Carolina	1891	Public		Founded as "The Agricultural & Mechanical College for the Colored Race"	Yes
North Carolina Central University	Durham	North Carolina	1910	Public		Founded as "National Religious Training School and Chautauqua"	Yes
Oakwood University	Huntsville	Alabama	1896	Private	Seventh-day Adventist Church	Founded as "Oakwood Industrial School"	Yes
Paine College	Augusta	Georgia	1882	Private	United Methodist Church and Christian Methodist Episcopal Church	Founded as "Paine Institute"	Yes
Paul Quinn College	Dallas	Texas	1872	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Named for William Paul Quinn	Yes
Payne Theological Seminary	Wilberforce	Ohio	1856	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Named for Bishop Daniel Payne. Founded as a seminary with Wilberforce University in 1856. Later became Payne Theological Seminary in 1894	Yes
Philander Smith College	Little Rock	Arkansas	1877	Private	United Methodist Church	Founded as "Walden Seminary"	Yes
Prairie View A&M University	Prairie View	Texas	1876	Public		Founded as "Alta Vista Agriculture & Mechanical College for Colored Youth"[15]	Yes
Rust College	Holly Springs	Mississippi	1866	Private	United Methodist Church	Known as "Shaw University" until 1882	Yes
Savannah State University	Savannah	Georgia	1890	Public		Founded as "Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth"	Yes
Selma University	Selma	Alabama	1878	Private	Alabama State Missionary Baptist Convention	Founded as "Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological School"	Yes
Shaw University	Raleigh	North Carolina	1865	Private	National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.		Yes
Shorter College	North Little Rock	Arkansas	1886	Private	African Methodist Episcopal	Two-year college; founded as "Bethel University"	Yes [16]
Shelton State Community College	Tuscaloosa	Alabama	1952	Public		Founded as "J.P. Shelton Trade School"	Yes
Simmons College	Louisville	Kentucky	1869	Private		Founded as Kentucky Normal Technological Institute	Yes
South Carolina State University	Orangeburg	South Carolina	1896	Public		Founded as "Colored, Normal, Industrial, Agricultural, and Mechanical College of South Carolina"	Yes
Southern University at New Orleans	New Orleans	Louisiana	1959	Public		Founded as a branch unit of Southern University in Baton Rouge	Yes
Southern University at Shreveport	Shreveport	Louisiana	1967	Public		Part of the Southern University System	Yes
Southern University and A&M College	Baton Rouge	Louisiana	1880	Public		Conceptualized by P. B. S. Pinchback, T. T. Allain, and Henry Demas	Yes
Southwestern Christian College	Terrell	Texas	1948	Private	Church of Christ	Founded as "Southern Bible Institute"[17]	Yes
Spelman College	Atlanta	Georgia	1881	Private	Originally, American Baptist Home Mission Society	Founded as "Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary"	Yes
St. Augustine's University	Raleigh	North Carolina	1867	Private	Episcopal Church (United States)		Yes
St. Philip's College	San Antonio	Texas	1898	Public	Episcopal Church	Founded as "St. Philip's Sewing Class for Girls"[18]	Yes
Stillman College	Tuscaloosa	Alabama	1876	Private	Presbyterian	Founded as Tuscaloosa Institute, the College was a concept of Reverend Dr. Charles Allen Stillman, pastor of First Presbyterian Church of Tuscaloosa[19]	Yes
Talladega College	Talladega County	Alabama	1867	Private	United Church of Christ	Known as "Swayne School" until 1869	Yes
Tennessee State University	Nashville	Tennessee	1912	Public		Founded as "Agricultural and Industrial State Normal School"	Yes
Texas College	Tyler	Texas	1894	Private	Christian Methodist Episcopal Church		Yes
Texas Southern University	Houston	Texas	1927	Public		Founded as "Texas State University for Negroes"	Yes
Tougaloo College	Hinds County	Mississippi	1869	Private	American Missionary Association	Founded as "Tougaloo University"	Yes
Trenholm State Technical College	Montgomery	Alabama	1947	Public		Founded as "John M. Patterson Technical School"[21]	Yes
Tuskegee University	Tuskegee	Alabama	1881	Private		Founded as Tuskegee Institute, Now a National Historic Site	Yes
University of the Virgin Islands	St. Croix & St. Thomas	United States Virgin Islands	1962	Public		Founded as "College of the Virgin Islands"	Yes
Virginia State University	Petersburg	Virginia	1882	Public		Founded as "Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute at Petersburg"	Yes
Virginia Union University	Richmond	Virginia	1865	Private	American Baptist Churches USA	Founded as "Wayland Seminary," and merged with Richmond Institute (1865) in 1889[22]	Yes
Virginia University of Lynchburg	Lynchburg	Virginia	1886	Private	Baptist	Founded as "Lynchburg Baptist Seminary"	Yes
Voorhees College	Denmark	South Carolina	1897	Private	Episcopal Church	Founded as "Denmark Industrial School"	Yes
West Virginia State University	Institute	West Virginia	1891	Public		Founded as "West Virginia Colored Institute"	Yes
Wilberforce University	Wilberforce	Ohio	1856	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Named for William Wilberforce	Yes
Wiley College	Marshall	Texas	1873	Private	United Methodist Church	Named for Isaac William Wiley	Yes
Winston-Salem State University	Winston-Salem	North Carolina	1892	Public		Founded as "Slater Industrial and State Normal School"	Yes
Xavier University of Louisiana	New Orleans	Louisiana	1915	Private	Roman Catholic	Founding predecessor institutions: "St. Katharine Drexel" and the "Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament"	Yes

Defunct institutions

School	City	State	Founded	Closed	Type	Religious Affiliation	Comment
Avery College	Pittsburgh	Pennsylvania	1849	1873	Private	A.M.E. Zion Church	Though the records are scant, it appears that Avery College suspended operations in 1873, the year of a great nationwide financial panic. Trustees considered selling the school property to the marker University of Western Pennsylvania (University of Pittsburgh), which had reluctantly accepted Avery's donation to assist in educating a handful of African-American students. Nothing came of the negotiations, however, and Avery College never reopened. As late as 1908, the trustees were debating whether to establish a manual training school or a hospital and nursing school facility on the property. Years later the original three-story building was demolished to make way for a new highway project.
Bishop College	Dallas	Texas	1881	1988	Private	Home Mission Society	Founded in Marshall, Texas; later moved to Dallas.
Booker T. Washington Junior College	Pensacola	Florida	1949	1965	Public		The first of twelve black junior colleges created in Florida, it closed after passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Nominally merged with Pensacola Junior College.
J. P. Campbell College	Started in Vicksburg, moved to Jackson in 1898	Mississippi	1890	1964	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Located across the street from Jackson College, now Jackson State University, J. P. Campbell College famously admitted students expelled from high school for participating in the Civil Rights Movement. Then, amidst a failed plan to relocate to Mound Bayou, Mississippi, a black town, it collapsed financially.[23]
Carver Junior College	Cocoa	Florida	1960	1963	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Collier-Blocker Junior College	Palatka	Florida	1960	1964	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Concordia College, Alabama	Selma	Alabama	1922	2018	Private	Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod	Known as "Alabama Lutheran Academy and Junior College" until 1981; It was the only historically black college among the ten colleges and universities in the Concordia University System. The college ceased operations at the completion of the Spring 2018 semester, citing years of financial distress and declining enrollment.
Daniel Payne College	Birmingham	Alabama	1889	1979	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church
Friendship College	Rock Hill	South Carolina	1891	1981	Private	Baptist
George R. Smith College	Sedalia	Missouri	1894	1925			It burned down April 26, 1925, after which its assets were merged (in 1933) with the Philander Smith College
Gibbs Junior College	St. Petersburg	Florida	1957	1966	Public		Regionally accredited. Founded to show that separate but equal educational institutions for African Americans were viable, and that racial integration, mandated by Brown v. Board of Education, was unnecessary. Closed shortly after passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; nominally merged with St. Petersburg Junior College (today St. Petersburg College).
Guadalupe College	Seguin	Texas	1884	1936	Private	Texas Missionary Baptist General Convention	Ceased operations after a fire destroyed the main building in 1936.[24]
Hampton Junior College	Ocala	Florida	1958	1966	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Jackson Junior College	Marianna	Florida	1961	1966	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Johnson Junior College	Leesburg	Florida	1960	1966	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Kittrell College	Kittrell	North Carolina	1886	1975	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church
Leland University	New Orleans	Louisiana	1870	1960	Private	Home Mission Society	Founded as a grade school in New Orleans, Leland was a Baker, Louisiana-based Baptist University when it closed.
Lewis College of Business	Detroit	Michigan	1928	2013[25]	Private		Founded as "Lewis Business College"
Lincoln Junior College	Fort Pierce	Florida	1960	1966	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Mary Holmes College	West Point	Mississippi	1892	2005	Private	Presbyterian
Mississippi Industrial College	Holly Springs	Mississippi	1905	1982	Private	Colored Methodist Episcopal Church; later called the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.
Morristown College	Morristown	Tennessee	1881	1994	Private	Methodist Episcopal	Founded as a seminary and normal school in the late 1870s, became Knoxville College's satellite campus in 1989, and closed for good in 1994.
Mount Hermon Female Seminary	Clinton	Mississippi	1875	1924	Private	American Missionary Association
Natchez College	Natchez	Mississippi	1885	1993	Private	Baptist
Payne College	Cuthbert	Georgia	1879	1912			On June 5, 1912, it became part of Morris Brown University[26]
Roger Williams University	Nashville	Tennessee	1864	1929	Private	American Baptist Home Mission Society	Two suspicious fires destroyed its main building in 1905. Financial problems ledto its closure in 1929; combined with other institutions to form LeMoyne–Owen College.
Roosevelt Junior College	West Palm Beach	Florida	1958	1965	Public		Regionally accredited. One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Rosenwald Junior College	Panama City	Florida	1958	1966	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Saint Paul's College	Lawrenceville	Virginia	1888	2013	Private	Protestant Episcopal Church	Founded as "Saint Paul Normal and Industrial School". Closed June 2013.
Saints College	Lexington	Mississippi		2006	Private	Church of God in Christ	Originated as Saints Junior College and Academy
Southern Christian Institute	Edwards	Mississippi	1908?	1954	Private	Protestant	Merged into Tougaloo College. For a time thereafter its campus, renamed Mt. Beulah, was used by the Delta Ministry, CDGM, and other civil rights organizations.
Storer College	Harpers Ferry	West Virginia	1865	1955	Private	Founded by Freewill Baptist Missionary Society	Its endowment was transferred to Virginia Union, where its alumni have been recognized, and its physical assets were given to Alderson-Broaddus College to create scholarships for black students.[22] Its former campus is now part of the Harpers Ferry National Historical Park.[27]
Suwannee River Junior College	Madison	Florida	1959	1966	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Volusia County Junior College	Daytona Beach	Florida	1958	1965	Public		One of eleven black junior colleges founded in Florida after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision, in an attempt to show that separate but equal higher education facilities existed in Florida. All were abruptly closed after passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Western University (Kansas)	Quindaro	Kansas	1865	1943	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church

References

"White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities". 2008-04-11. Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
"Presidential Commission on Historically Black Colleges". Archived from the original on 2007-12-23.
"U.S. Dept. of Ed. White House Initiative on HBCUs' Accredited HBCU Listing". Ed.gov. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
Roach, Ronald (24 April 2013). "American Baptist College Designated as a Historically Black Institution". Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
"Home Page - Arkansas Baptist College". Arkansasbaptist.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
Central State University History Archived 2008-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
Clinton Junior College History Archived 2012-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
"Denmark Technical College History Website". Denmarktech.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
"History of Fisk". Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
"Harris-Stowe State University (314) 340-3366". Hssu.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
"Lane College History Website". Lanecollege.edu. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
LeMoyne-Owen College History Website Archived 2009-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
"Lincoln University of Missouri Website". Lincolnu.edu. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
Norfolk State University History Archived 2007-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
"History of Prairie View A&M University : PVAMU Home". Pvamu.edu. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
"U.S. Department of Education Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs". ope.ed.gov. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
"Southwestern Christian College History". Swcc.edu. Archived from the original on 29 May 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
"St. Philip's College History". Accd.edu. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
"Stillman History". Stillman.edu. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
Trinity Washington University WebPages 2014 I
Trenholm State Technical College Website Archived 2008-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
Hylton, Raymond. "University History". About Virginia Union. Virginia Union University. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
Jackson Civil Rights Driving Tour. City of Jackson. 2014. p. 37. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
"Guadalupe College: A Case History in Negro Higher Education 1884-1936". Ecommons.txstate.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
"Lewis College of Business, once a Michigan jewel - African American Registry". Aaregistry.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
Newkirk, Vann R. (30 April 2012). New Life for Historically Black Colleges and Universities: A 21st Century Perspective. McFarland. ISBN 9780786490998. Retrieved 25 October 2017 – via Google Books.
"Storer College - Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". Nps.gov. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] "White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities". 2008-04-11. Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-04-23.

[2] "Presidential Commission on Historically Black Colleges". Archived from the original on 2007-12-23.

[3] "U.S. Dept. of Ed. White House Initiative on HBCUs' Accredited HBCU Listing". Ed.gov. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[4] Roach, Ronald (24 April 2013). "American Baptist College Designated as a Historically Black Institution". Diverse: Issues In Higher Education. Retrieved 29 April 2013.

[5] "Home Page - Arkansas Baptist College". Arkansasbaptist.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[6] Central State University History Archived 2008-05-26 at the Wayback Machine

[7] Clinton Junior College History Archived 2012-07-22 at the Wayback Machine

[8] "Denmark Technical College History Website". Denmarktech.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[9] "History of Fisk". Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2008-03-01.

[10] "Harris-Stowe State University (314) 340-3366". Hssu.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[11] "Lane College History Website". Lanecollege.edu. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[12] LeMoyne-Owen College History Website Archived 2009-06-23 at the Wayback Machine

[13] "Lincoln University of Missouri Website". Lincolnu.edu. Archived from the original on 3 January 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[14] Norfolk State University History Archived 2007-12-30 at the Wayback Machine

[15] "History of Prairie View A&M University : PVAMU Home". Pvamu.edu. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[16] "U.S. Department of Education Database of Accredited Postsecondary Institutions and Programs". ope.ed.gov. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[17] "Southwestern Christian College History". Swcc.edu. Archived from the original on 29 May 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[18] "St. Philip's College History". Accd.edu. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[19] "Stillman History". Stillman.edu. Retrieved 28 November 2012.

[20] Trinity Washington University WebPages 2014 I

[21] Trenholm State Technical College Website Archived 2008-12-16 at the Wayback Machine

[Hylton-22] Hylton, Raymond. "University History". About Virginia Union. Virginia Union University. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2012.

[23] Jackson Civil Rights Driving Tour. City of Jackson. 2014. p. 37. Retrieved August 16, 2019.

[24] "Guadalupe College: A Case History in Negro Higher Education 1884-1936". Ecommons.txstate.edu. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[25] "Lewis College of Business, once a Michigan jewel - African American Registry". Aaregistry.org. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

[26] Newkirk, Vann R. (30 April 2012). New Life for Historically Black Colleges and Universities: A 21st Century Perspective. McFarland. ISBN 9780786490998. Retrieved 25 October 2017 – via Google Books.

[27] "Storer College - Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". Nps.gov. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

Historically black colleges and universities
Public institutions	Alabama A&M Alabama State Albany State Alcorn State Arkansas–Pine Bluff Bishop State CC Bluefield State Bowie State Central State Cheyney Coahoma CC Coppin State Delaware State Elizabeth City State Fayetteville State Florida A&M Fort Valley State Gadsden State CC Grambling State Harris–Stowe Hinds CC Jackson State Kentucky State Langston Lincoln, Missouri Lincoln, Pennsylvania Maryland, Eastern Shore Mississippi Valley State Morgan State Norfolk State North Carolina A&T North Carolina Central Prairie View A&M Savannah State Shelton State CC South Carolina State Southern Southern–New Orleans Southern–Shreveport Tennessee State Texas Southern UDC UVI Virginia State West Virginia State Winston-Salem State
Private institutions	Allen Arkansas Baptist Barber–Scotia Benedict Bennett Bethune–Cookman Claflin Clark Atlanta Dillard Edward Waters Fisk Florida Memorial University Hampton Howard Huston–Tillotson Interdenominational Theological Center Jarvis Christian Johnson C. Smith Knoxville Lane LeMoyne–Owen Livingstone Meharry Miles Morehouse Morehouse School of Medicine Morris Brown Morris Oakwood Paine Paul Quinn Philander Smith Rust Selma Shaw Simmons College (Ky.) Southwestern Christian Spelman Stillman St. Augustine's Talladega Texas College Tougaloo Tuskegee Virginia Union Virginia University Voorhees Wilberforce Wiley Xavier (Louisiana)
Defunct institutions	Bishop Booker T. Washington Carver Collier-Blocker Concordia Alabama Daniel Payne Gibbs Guadalupe Hampton Jackson Johnson Kittrell Lewis College of Business Lincoln Junior College Mississippi Industrial College Morristown Mount Hermon Female Seminary Roosevelt Rosenwald Saint Paul's Storer Straight Suwannee River Volusia County Western
Consortia	Atlanta University Center Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Southwestern Athletic Conference