List of primates of Colombia

The primates of Colombia include 41 extant species in 13 genera and five families.[1][2][3][4] Additionally, 12 fossil species in 10 genera and five families have been identified in Colombia, mainly at the La Venta Lagerstätte of the Honda Group, mostly from the so-called "Monkey Unit", "Monkey Beds" or "Monkey Locality",[5] the richest site for fossil primates in South America.[6] As of 2013, of the 30 fossil primate species found in South America dating to the Late Oligocene (26 Ma) to the Pleistocene, twelve are described from the Honda Group. The genera Branisella, Caipora, Carlocebus, Chilecebus, Dolichocebus, Homunculus, Killikaike, Mazzonicebus, Proteropithecia, Protopithecus, Soriacebus, Szalatavus and Tremacebus have been discovered in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Peru and are not known from Colombia. Additionally, Antillothrix, Insulacebus (both Hispaniola), Paralouatta (Cuba) and Xenothrix (Jamaica) were restricted to the Caribbean.[7] The discovery of Perupithecus, described in 2015 from the Late Eocene (35-36 Ma) Santa Rosa fauna in the Yahuarango Formation of the Peruvian Amazon, pushes back the evolutionary lineage of New World primates.[8]

Extant primates
Common nameScientific nameImageDistribution & habitatRange mapRemarksNotes
Aotidae - night monkeys
Brumback's night monkeyAotus brumbackiOrinoco region
ssp. of A. lemurinus ?; Vulnerable
[2]
Gray-bellied night monkeyAotus lemurinusTropical Andes
Vulnerable
[2]
Gray-handed night monkeyAotus griseimembra
Northern Colombia east of Sinú River
ssp. of A. lemurinus ?; Vulnerable
[2]
Hernández-Camacho's night monkeyAotus jorgehernandeziWest slope of Central Andes (Quindío, Risaralda)
Tatamá (West Andes) ?
[9]
Panamanian night monkeyAotus zonalis
Chocó lowlands
ssp. of A. lemurinus ?
[2]
Spix's night monkeyAotus vociferans
Amazon region
[2]
Atelidae - howler, spider, and wooly monkeys
Black-headed spider monkeyAteles fusciceps
West slope of West Andes, Pacific lowlands
Critically endangered
[1]
Brown spider monkeyAteles hybridus
Magdalena Valley, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serranía del Perijá
Critically endangered
[1]
Brown woolly monkeyLagothrix lagotricha
Amazon region
Vulnerable
[2]
Colombian woolly monkeyLagothrix lugensEast Andes foothills, Serranía de la Macarena, Magdalena Valley, Serranía de San Lucas
Critically endangered; Endemic ?
[1][10]
Geoffroy's spider monkeyAteles geoffroyi
Possibly extreme northern Chocó to Baudó Mountains
Endangered
[1]
Juruá red howlerAlouatta juara
Amazon region
may be subspecies of A. seniculus
[11]
Mantled howlerAlouatta palliata
Pacific lowlands, western Caribbean lowlands
[2]
Ursine howlerAlouatta arctoidea
Northern Orinoco region
may be subspecies of A. seniculus
[12]
Venezuelan red howlerAlouatta seniculus
Throughout except Pacific & La Guajira
[2]
White-bellied spider monkeyAteles belzebuth
Parts of Amazon region, Serranía de la Macarena, foothills of East Andes
Endangered
[1]
Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins
Black-mantled tamarinSaguinus nigricollis
Amazon region
[3]
Brown-mantled tamarinSaguinus fuscicollis
Amazon region
Sympatric with pygmy marmoset
[3]
Cotton-top tamarinSaguinus oedipus
Caribbean region, PNN Tayrona
Critically endangered; Endemic
[1]
Geoffroy's tamarinSaguinus geoffroyi
Chocó lowlands and foothill forest
[3]
Goeldi's marmosetCallimico goeldii
Amazon region
Vulnerable
[2]
Graells's tamarinSaguinus graellsiAmazon regionssp. of S. nigricollis ?; Near threatened
[3]
Mottle-faced tamarinSaguinus inustusAmazon region
[3]
Pygmy marmosetCebuella pygmaea
Amazon region
[2]
White-footed tamarinSaguinus leucopus
Northern Colombia; dry and humid forest
Allopatry from S. oedipus; Endangered; Endemic
[1]
Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys
Colombian white-faced capuchinCebus capucinus
Pacific lowlands, Gorgona Island
Map shows combined range of Colombian and Panamanian white-faced capuchins; Colombian white-faced capuchin range shown in red
[3][13]
Common squirrel monkeySaimiri sciureus
Amazon region
Subsequent taxonomic research restricts S. sciureus to Brazil and the Guianas; replaced in Colombia by S. cassiquiarensis
[2][14]
Humboldt's squirrel monkeySaimiri cassiquiarensisAmazon region
[14]
Large-headed capuchinSapajus macrocephalus
Amazon region
may be ssp. of S. apella
[15]
Marañón white-fronted capuchinCebus yuracusSouthern Colombia
[13]
Río Cesar white-fronted capuchinCebus cesaraeRío Cesar valleyEndemic
[16][13]
Santa Marta white-fronted capuchinCebus malitiosusSierra Nevada de Santa MartaEndangered; Endemic
[17]
Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchinCebus leucocephalusNorthern Colombia
[13]
Tufted capuchinCebus apella
Amazon region, Orinoco region
[3]
Varied white-fronted capuchinCebus versicolorRío Magdalena ValleyEndangered; Endemic
[13][18]
Humboldt's white-fronted capuchinCebus albifronsAmazon region
Several white-fronted capuchin species were formerly considered subspecies of C. albifrons
[1][2][3][13]
Pitheciidae - titis, sakis & uakaris
Black titiCallicebus lugens
Orinoco & Amazon lowlands, between Caquetá & Tomo Rivers
[2]
Caquetá titiCallicebus caquetensisCaquetá
Critically endangered; Endemic
geographic range of just about 100 km2 (39 sq mi), actually occupies only about 10 km2 (3.9 sq mi) within that range
[1][19]
Collared titiCallicebus torquatusAmazon region
[2]
Colombian black-handed titiCallicebus medemiAmazon region, between Caquetá & Putumayo Rivers
Vulnerable; Endemic
[2]
Golden-backed uakariCacajao melanocephalus
Between Caquetá & Guaviare Rivers, to Serranía de la Macarena
[2]
Lucifer titiCallicebus lucifer
Amazon region, between Caquetá & Putumayo Rivers
[2]
Monk sakiPithecia monachus
Amazon region, south of Caquetá River
[1][3]
Ornate titiCallicebus ornatus
East Andean foothills to Serranía de la Macarena
Vulnerable; Endemic
[2]
White-tailed titiCallicebus discolor
Amazon region
Vulnerable
[2]

Fossil primates
See also: List of fossil primates of South America
AgeFormationFamilyGenusSpeciesNotes
Mid Miocene
(Laventan)		 Honda Group AotidaeAotusA. dindensis
[20][21]
AtelidaeMiocallicebusM. villaviejai
[22][23][24]
StirtoniaS. tatacoensis
(syn. Kondous laventicus)
[22][25][26][27]
S. victoriae
[22][25][28]
CallitrichidaeLagonimicoL. conclucatus
[22][25][29]
MicodonM. kiotensis
[22][30][31]
PatasolaP. magdalenae
[22][25][32]
CebidaeSaimiriS. annectens
(syn. Laventiana annectens, Neosaimiri annectens)
[22][25][33][34]
S. fieldsi
(syn. Neosaimiri fieldsi)
[22][25][35]
PitheciidaeCebupitheciaC. sarmientoi
[22][25][36][37]
NuciruptorN. rubricae
[22][25][38][39]
incertae sedis
(Callitrichidae, Pitheciidae or Aotidae)		MohanamicoM. hershkovitzi
[22][25]

See also

References
  1. Defler, 2004, p.84
  2. Defler, 2004, p.85
  3. Defler, 2004, p.86
  4. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species".
  5. Monkey Locality in the Paleobiology Database
  6. Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3
  7. Tejedor, 2013, pp.34–35
  8. Bond et al., 2015, p.540
  9. Hernández-Camacho's night monkey range - IUCN Red List
  10. "IUCN - Lagothrix lugens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  11. Juruá Howler range - IUCN Red List
  12. Ursine Howler range - IUCN Red List
  13. Mittermeier, Russell A. & Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 407–413. ISBN 978-8496553897.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. Mittermeier, Russell A. & Rylands, Anthony B. (2013). Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. Lynx. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-8496553897.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. Large-headed capuchin range - IUCN Red List
  16. Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin - IUCN Red List
  17. Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin - IUCN Red List
  18. de la Torre, S., Morales, A. L., Link, A., Palacios, E. & Stevenson (2015). "Cebus versicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2019.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  19. Defler, Thomas R.; Bueno, Marta; Garcia, Javier (2010). "Callicebus caquetensis: A New and Critically Endangered Titi Monkey from Southern Caquetá, Colombia". Primate Conservation. 25: 1–9. doi:10.1896/052.025.0101. 136211. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26.
  20. Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1988
  21. Aotus dindensis in the Paleobiology Database
  22. Tejedor, 2013, p.22
  23. Takai et al., 2001
  24. Miocallicebus villaviejai in the Paleobiology Database
  25. Croft, 2007, p.301
  26. Stirtonia tatacoensis in the Paleobiology Database
  27. Setoguchi, 1985
  28. Stirtonia victoriae in the Paleobiology Database
  29. Lagonimico conclucatus in the Paleobiology Database
  30. Defler, 2004, p.32
  31. Micodon kiotensis in the Paleobiology Database
  32. Patasola magdalenae in the Paleobiology Database
  33. Rosenberger et al., 1991
  34. Neosaimiri annectens in the Paleobiology Database
  35. Neosaimiri fieldsi in the Paleobiology Database
  36. Organ & Lemelin, 2011
  37. Cebupithecia sarmientoi in the Paleobiology Database
  38. Meldrum & Kay, 1997
  39. Nuciruptor rubricae in the Paleobiology Database

Bibliography
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