List of strikes
The following is a list of specific strikes (workers refusing to work in an attempt to change their conditions in a particular industry or an individual workplace, or in solidarity with those in another particular workplace) and general strikes (widespread refusal of workers to work in an organized political campaign on a broader national or international level).
Agitated workers face the factory owner in The Strike, painted by Robert Koehler in 1886
Chronological list of strikes
Seventeenth century
| Part of a series on |
| Organized labour |
|---|
 |
| Date | Strike | Place | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1619 | Polish craftsmen strike | Jamestown | Thirteen Colonies |
| 1661 | Indentured Servants' Plot | Virginia colony | Thirteen Colonies |
Eighteenth century
| Date | Strike | Place | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1766 | Silver Miners' Strike | Mineral del Monte | Mexico |
| 1787 | Weavers Strike | Calton, Glasgow | Scotland |
1800–1849
| Date | Strike | Place | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1835 | General Strike | Philadelphia | United States |
| 1835 | Textile Strike | Paterson, New Jersey | United States |
1850–1899
Frick's letter describing the plans and munitions that will be on the barges when the Pinkerton guards and County Sheriffs arrive to confront the strikers in the 1892 Homestead.
1900s
1910s
Bodies immediately after the Lena massacre of striking goldfield workers in 1912
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
| Date | Strike | Place | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | Atlanta transit strike of 1950 | Atlanta, Georgia | United States |
| 1950 | General strike against Leopold III of Belgium | Brussels | Belgium |
| 1951 | New Zealand waterfront strike | nationwide | New Zealand |
| 1952 | 1952 steel strike | nationwide | United States |
| 1953 | The Hartal of 1953 | nationwide | Sri Lanka |
| 1955 | Hock Lee bus riots | Singapore | Republic of Singapore |
| 1959 | Steel strike of 1959 | nationwide | United States |
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
| Date | Strike | Place | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1990 Major League Baseball lockout | nationwide | United States |
| 1990 | Mandal Commission protests of 1990 (India, 1990) | Mandal | India |
| 1992 | 1992 NHL strike | nationwide | Canada and United States |
| 1993 | Timex strike | Dundee | Scotland |
| 1994–95 | 1994-95 Major League Baseball strike | nationwide | Canada and United States |
| 1994–95 | 1994–95 NHL lockout | nationwide | Canada and United States |
| 1995–97 | Detroit Newspaper Strike | Detroit, Michigan | United States |
| 1995 | 1995 strikes in France | nationwide | France |
| 1995 | 1995 NBA lockout | nationwide | Canada and United States |
| 1995–98 | Liverpool dockers' strike (1995–98) | Liverpool, Merseyside | England |
| 1996 | 1996 NBA lockout | nationwide | Canada and United States |
| 1996–97 | 1996–1997 strikes in South Korea | nationwide | South Korea |
| 1996–97 | 1996 NBA lockout | nationwide | Canada and United States |
| 1997 | 1997 UPS Strike (U.S.) | nationwide | United States |
| 1997 | 1997 Ontario teachers strike | Ontario | Canada |
| 1998 | 1998 Australian waterfront dispute | Melbourne, Brisbane, Fremantle and Sydney | Australia |
| 1998–99 | 1998–99 NBA lockout | nationwide | Canada and United States |
| 1999 | 1999 UNAM strike | Mexico City | Mexico |
2000s
2010s
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Arizona teachers' strike, 26 April 2018
General strike in Catalonia, 21 February 2019
2020s
| Date | Strike | Place | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Santa Cruz graduate students' strike | Santa Cruz, California | United States |
| 2020 | New Orleans sanitation strike | New Orleans, Louisiana | United States |
| 2020 | 2020 Michigan graduate students strike | Ann Arbor, Michigan | United States |
| 2020 | Indian general strike of 2020 | nationwide | India |
Chronological list of general strikes
| Date | Name | Place | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1820 | Radical War | Central Belt, Scotland |  United Kingdom |
Influenced by Radical demands for reform, especially among Scottish weavers |
| 1835 | Philadelphia general strike of 1835 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} United States |
Successful strike for a ten-hour work day and better wages |
| 1842 | General Strike of 1842 | England and Wales | United Kingdom |
Chartist general strike against low wages originating from coal miners in Staffordshire before spreading to multiple industries in the Midlands as well as coal mines across the country. |
| 1877 | St. Louis general strike of 1877 | St. Louis, Missouri | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} United States |
Organized by the Knights of Labor and the Workingmen's Party during the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 for a child labor ban and an eight-hour day; ended with a suppression by the municipal government and the National Guard |
| 1877 | Scranton general strike | Scranton, Pennsylvania | United States |
Organized during the Great Railroad Strike; ended with riots, the imposition of martial law by the Pennsylvania Militia, and the strikers returning to work without concessions. |
| 1886 | Walloon jacquerie of 1886 | Wallonia | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Belgium |
|
| 1892 | New Orleans general strike of 1892 | New Orleans, Louisiana | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} United States |
Successful strike for a 10-hour day and overtime pay; notable for the participation of both white and black strikers |
| 1893 | Belgian general strike of 1893 | Mons | Belgium |
Strike by the Belgian Labour Party to pressure Prime Minister Auguste Beernaert's Catholic Party government to introduce universal male suffrage |
| 1909 | Swedish General Strike | nationwide |  Sweden |
Unsuccessful general strike called by the Swedish Trade Union Confederation |
| 1910 | Philadelphia general strike of 1910 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} United States |
Amalgamated Transit Union strike of Philadelphia Transportation Company trolley workers which expanded into a citywide American Federation of Labor general strike, eventually leading to wage increases |
| 1912 | Brisbane general strike of 1912 | Brisbane, Queensland | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia |
Caused when Australian Tramway Employees Union members were dismissed for wearing union badges; ended with Queensland Police Service attacks on labor marchers in Market Square leading to a public outcry and the strengthening of the Australian labour movement |
| 1917 | 1917–1919 Brazil strike movement | Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul |  Brazil |
Series of general strikes leading to an attempted anarchist uprising against the First Brazilian Republic. |
| 1918 | Vancouver general strike | Vancouver, British Columbia | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada |
General strike caused by the arrest of Albert "Ginger" Goodwin, discontent over high living costs and low wages during World War I, and the October Revolution; ended with police attacks on union offices |
| 1919 | Seattle General Strike | Seattle, Washington | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} United States |
Industrial Workers of the World strike caused when the Emergency Fleet Corporation denied shipbuilders' demands for higher wages and intended to start a socialist revolution; contributed to the First Red Scare |
| 1919 | Winnipeg general strike | Winnipeg, Manitoba | Canada |
General strike ending with repression by the North-West Mounted Police but leading to the growth of the Canadian democratic socialist and labor movements. |
| 1920 | Berlin general strike | Berlin | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Germany |
General strike encouraged by the government to resist an attempted overthrow of the Weimar Republic |
| 1920 | Ruhr uprising | Ruhr | Germany |
General strike in support of the Social Democratic government before expanding into a mass labor uprising to establish a "dictatorship of the proletariat"; suppressed by the Freikorps and the Reichswehr |
| 1920 | Italian anti-Fascist general strike | Rome | _crowned.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Italy |
Unsuccessful general strike intended to prevent a seizure of power by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party |
| 1926 | United Kingdom general strike of 1926 | nationwide | United Kingdom |
10-day general strike by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress to prevent wage reductions and worsened conditions for coal miners; ended without concessions or violence. |
| 1934 | San Francisco general strike of 1934 | San Francisco, California | United States |
83-day general strike in support of the International Longshoremen's Association during the Great Depression; the success of the strike contributed to the growth of industrial unionism under the Congress of Industrial Organizations. |
| 1936 | Palestinian general strike | nationwide | Mandatory Palestine |
General strike coordinated by the Arab Higher Committee against Jewish settlement in Palestine; eventually led to the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine. |
| 1942 | Luxembourgish general strike of 1942 | nationwide |  Luxembourg |
Campaign of passive resistance against the Nazi occupation during World War II. |
| 1946 | Oakland general strike of 1946 | Oakland, California | United States |
Part of the 1945-46 strike wave in the United States during the U.S. demobilization after World War II and the abolition of National War Labor Board restrictions, which contributed to the passage of the Taft–Hartley Act restricting union activities and strike actions. |
| 1950 | General strike against Leopold III of Belgium | nationwide | Belgium |
Originated over opposition to King Leopold III of Belgium being returned to throne after his refusal to leave Belgium with the government-in-exile during the Nazi occupation; ended with his agreement to abdicate and allow his son Baudouin to take the throne |
| 1953 | Uprising of 1953 | nationwide |  East Germany |
Originated as strike by East Berlin construction workers against Sovietization work quotas before expanding to a broad revolt against the Soviet-sponsored Socialist Unity Party's rule; repressed by the Soviet Army and the Kasernierte Volkspolizei |
| 1956 | General strike of 1956 | nationwide |  Finland |
Successful Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions general strike for higher wages |
| 1960–61 | Belgian general strike of 1960–61 | Wallonia | Belgium |
General Labour Federation of Belgium general strike against Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens's austerity policies, especially the Unitary Law; contributed to the growth of the Walloon Movement |
| 1968 | French general strike of May 1968 | nationwide |  France |
Student protests which escalated into a nationwide general strike which halted the French economy and continued with wildcat strikes after the Grenelle agreements granted higher wages, leading to fears of a revolution against Charles de Gaulle; ended with Gaullist counter-demonstrations and a vote of confidence from the National Assembly. |
| 1973 | Uruguay general strike of 1973 | nationwide |  Uruguay |
Unsuccessful general strike against the 1973 Uruguayan coup d'état, leading the civic-military dictatorship to ban trade unions. |
| 1974 | Ulster Workers' Council strike | Northern Ireland | United Kingdom |
Successful Ulster loyalist general strike against the Sunningdale Agreement between Great Britain and Ireland, which would have attempted to resolve the Northern Ireland conflict by establishing a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive and revived Council of Ireland |
| 1988 | Spanish general strike of 1988 | nationwide |  Spain |
Workers' Commissions and Unión General de Trabajadores strike against the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party's policies under Prime Minister Felipe González |
| 1992 | April 1992 general strike in Nepal | nationwide |  Nepal |
|
| 1998 | 1998 Puerto Rican general strike | nationwide |  United States ( Puerto Rico) |
41-day general strike against the privatization of the Puerto Rico Telephone Company, accompanied by some violence and sabotage. |
| 2002–03 | Venezuelan general strike of 2002–03 | nationwide |  Venezuela |
General strike against President Hugo Chávez including a large contingent of PDVSA workers. |
| 2006 | 2006 democracy movement in Nepal | nationwide | Nepal |
|
| 2007 | 2007 Guinea general strike | nationwide |  Guinea |
Successful general strike forcing President Lansana Conté to resign. |
| 2008 | 2008 Egyptian general strike | nationwide |  Egypt |
General strike including large contingent of textile workers during the 2007–2008 world food price crisis |
| 2011 | 2011 Oakland general strike | Oakland, California | United States |
Part of the Occupy Oakland demonstrations |
| 2016 | Indian general strike of 2016 | nationwide |  India |
24-hour general strike against Prime Minister Narendra Modi's economic policies |
| 2017 | 2017 Brazilian general strike | nationwide | Brazil |
General strike against President Michel Temer's labor reform policies during the Brazilian economic crisis. |
| 2017 | 2017 Catalan general strike | Catalonia | Spain |
General strike in support of the Catalan independence movement, accompanied by police repression by the Spanish government. |
| 2018 | 2018 Jordanian general strike | nationwide |  Jordan |
Anti-austerity general strike |
| 2018–19 | School strike for climate | America, Europe, Australia, and others. | Various | International movement of students skipping classes to support renewable energy and climate change mitigation |
See also
Sources
Labor conflict in the United States, An encyclopedia. edited by Ronald Filippelli, assisted by Carol Reilly – Garland Publishing New York & London 1990 (ISBN 0-8240-7968-X)
- Loomis, Erik (2020). A History of America in Ten Strikes. The New Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-1620976272.
- "The great railroad strike, 1877 – Howard Zinn". libcom.org.
- Taylor, Boswell (ed.). Mastermind (1984 ed.). Treasure Press. pp. 58, 136. ISBN 0-907812-64-3.
- Douglas, David John. Pit Sense versus the State: A history of militant miners in the Doncaster area. London: Phoenic Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0-948984-26-0.
- "Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 29 :: No. 03". Hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on 2011-02-19. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- "INDIA: Strangulating Strike". TIME. 1974-05-20. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- Archived September 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- Stephen Sherlock (October 14, 1989). "Railway Workers and Their Unions: Origins of 1974 Indian Railways Strike". Economic and Political Weekly. Published by: Economic and Political Weekly. 24 (41): 2311–2315+2317–2319+2321–2322. JSTOR 4395459.
- Bao, Xiaolan (2001). Holding Up More Than Half the Sky: Chinese Women Garment Workers in New York City, 1948–92. University of Illinois Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780252026317.
- "Congress Hotel Strike Ends, 10-Year Strike Was Longest In The World". Huffington Post. 30 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
- "The Japan Times – News on Japan, Business News, Opinion, Sports, Entertainment and More". The Japan Times.
- "Simmering Boeing strike scorching both sides". The Seattle Times.
- Lu, Vanessa; Vincent, Donovan (22 June 2009). "Keep your trash, citizens told". The Star. Toronto. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- "Welcome to The Oil Strike Newsletter". United Steelworkers. Archived from the original on 2018-01-20. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
- "Kohler workers reject offer, OK first union strike at company since 1983". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. November 15, 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- 40,000 Verizon Workers Go On Strike url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/verizon-strike_us_570df081e4b03d8b7b9ed710
- McNary, Dave (2016-10-24). "More Than 100 SAG-AFTRA Videogame Strike Supporters Rally at Electronic Arts". Variety. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
- Philip, Drew (October 26, 2018). "'One job should be enough': Marriott hotel workers' strike hits eight US cities". The Guardian. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
- Schwartz, Karen (October 31, 2018). "What You Need to Know About the Strike Against Marriott Hotels". The New York Times. Retrieved November 3, 2018.
External links
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