Order-4 apeirogonal tiling

In geometry, the order-4 apeirogonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {∞,4}.

Order-4 apeirogonal tiling
Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane
Type	Hyperbolic regular tiling
Vertex configuration	∞⁴
Schläfli symbol	{∞,4} r{∞,∞} t(∞,∞,∞) t_0,1,2,3(∞,∞,∞,∞)
Wythoff symbol	∞ 2 2 \| ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ \| ∞
Coxeter diagram
Symmetry group	[∞,4], (∞42) [∞,∞], (∞∞2) [(∞,∞,∞)], (∞∞∞) (∞∞∞∞)
Dual	Infinite-order square tiling
Properties	Vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, face-transitive edge-transitive

Symmetry

This tiling represents the mirror lines of *2^∞ symmetry. It dual to this tiling represents the fundamental domains of orbifold notation *∞∞∞∞ symmetry, a square domain with four ideal vertices.

Uniform colorings

Like the Euclidean square tiling there are 9 uniform colorings for this tiling, with 3 uniform colorings generated by triangle reflective domains. A fourth can be constructed from an infinite square symmetry (*∞∞∞∞) with 4 colors around a vertex. The checker board, r{∞,∞}, coloring defines the fundamental domains of [(∞,4,4)], (*∞44) symmetry, usually shown as black and white domains of reflective orientations.

1 color	2 color	3 and 2 colors		4, 3 and 2 colors
[∞,4], (*∞42)	[∞,∞], (*∞∞2)	[(∞,∞,∞)], (*∞∞∞)		(*∞∞∞∞)
{∞,4}	r{∞,∞} = {∞,4}¹⁄₂	t_0,2(∞,∞,∞) = r{∞,∞}¹⁄₂		t_0,1,2,3(∞,∞,∞,∞) = r{∞,∞}¹⁄₄ = {∞,4}¹⁄₈
(1111)	(1212)	(1213)	(1112)	(1234)	(1123)	(1122)
	=	= =		= =

Related polyhedra and tiling

This tiling is also topologically related as a part of sequence of regular polyhedra and tilings with four faces per vertex, starting with the octahedron, with Schläfli symbol {n,4}, and Coxeter diagram , with n progressing to infinity.

*n42 symmetry mutation of regular tilings: {n,4}
Spherical		Euclidean	Hyperbolic tilings

2⁴	3⁴	4⁴	5⁴	6⁴	7⁴	8⁴	...∞⁴

Paracompact uniform tilings in [∞,4] family


{∞,4}	t{∞,4}	r{∞,4}	2t{∞,4}=t{4,∞}	2r{∞,4}={4,∞}	rr{∞,4}	tr{∞,4}
Dual figures


V∞⁴	V4.∞.∞	V(4.∞)²	V8.8.∞	V4^∞	V4³.∞	V4.8.∞
Alternations
[1⁺,∞,4] (*44∞)	[∞⁺,4] (∞*2)	[∞,1⁺,4] (*2∞2∞)	[∞,4⁺] (4*∞)	[∞,4,1⁺] (*∞∞2)	[(∞,4,2⁺)] (2*2∞)	[∞,4]⁺ (∞42)
=				=
h{∞,4}	s{∞,4}	hr{∞,4}	s{4,∞}	h{4,∞}	hrr{∞,4}	s{∞,4}

Alternation duals


V(∞.4)⁴	V3.(3.∞)²	V(4.∞.4)²	V3.∞.(3.4)²	V∞^∞	V∞.4⁴	V3.3.4.3.∞

Paracompact uniform tilings in [∞,∞] family
= =	= =	= =	= =	= =	=	=

{∞,∞}	t{∞,∞}	r{∞,∞}	2t{∞,∞}=t{∞,∞}	2r{∞,∞}={∞,∞}	rr{∞,∞}	tr{∞,∞}
Dual tilings


V∞^∞	V∞.∞.∞	V(∞.∞)²	V∞.∞.∞	V∞^∞	V4.∞.4.∞	V4.4.∞
Alternations
[1⁺,∞,∞] (*∞∞2)	[∞⁺,∞] (∞*∞)	[∞,1⁺,∞] (*∞∞∞∞)	[∞,∞⁺] (∞*∞)	[∞,∞,1⁺] (*∞∞2)	[(∞,∞,2⁺)] (2*∞∞)	[∞,∞]⁺ (2∞∞)


h{∞,∞}	s{∞,∞}	hr{∞,∞}	s{∞,∞}	h₂{∞,∞}	hrr{∞,∞}	sr{∞,∞}
Alternation duals


V(∞.∞)^∞	V(3.∞)³	V(∞.4)⁴	V(3.∞)³	V∞^∞	V(4.∞.4)²	V3.3.∞.3.∞

Paracompact uniform tilings in [(∞,∞,∞)] family



(∞,∞,∞) h{∞,∞}	r(∞,∞,∞) h₂{∞,∞}	(∞,∞,∞) h{∞,∞}	r(∞,∞,∞) h₂{∞,∞}	(∞,∞,∞) h{∞,∞}	r(∞,∞,∞) r{∞,∞}	t(∞,∞,∞) t{∞,∞}
Dual tilings

V∞^∞	V∞.∞.∞.∞	V∞^∞	V∞.∞.∞.∞	V∞^∞	V∞.∞.∞.∞	V∞.∞.∞
Alternations
[(1⁺,∞,∞,∞)] (*∞∞∞∞)	[∞⁺,∞,∞)] (∞*∞)	[∞,1⁺,∞,∞)] (*∞∞∞∞)	[∞,∞⁺,∞)] (∞*∞)	[(∞,∞,∞,1⁺)] (*∞∞∞∞)	[(∞,∞,∞⁺)] (∞*∞)	[∞,∞,∞)]⁺ (∞∞∞)


Alternation duals

V(∞.∞)^∞	V(∞.4)⁴	V(∞.∞)^∞	V(∞.4)⁴	V(∞.∞)^∞	V(∞.4)⁴	V3.∞.3.∞.3.∞

References

John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 (Chapter 19, The Hyperbolic Archimedean Tessellations)
"Chapter 10: Regular honeycombs in hyperbolic space". The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays. Dover Publications. 1999. ISBN 0-486-40919-8. LCCN 99035678.

External links

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