Radeon Rx 300 series

The Radeon R5/R7/R9 300 series is a series of Radeon graphics cards made by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). All of the GPUs of the series are produced in 28 nm format and use the Graphics Core Next (GCN) micro-architecture.

AMD Radeon R5/R7/R9 300 series
Release dateJune 16, 2015 (June 16, 2015)
CodenameCaribbean Islands[1]
Sea Islands
Volcanic Islands
ArchitectureGCN 1st gen
GCN 2nd gen
GCN 3rd gen
Cards
Entry-levelRadeon R5 330
Radeon R5 340
Radeon R7 340
Radeon R7 350
Mid-rangeRadeon R7 360
Radeon R7 370
Radeon R9 380
Radeon R9 380X
High-endRadeon R9 390
Radeon R9 390X
EnthusiastRadeon R9 Nano
Radeon R9 Fury
Radeon R9 Fury X
Radeon Pro Duo
API support
Direct3D
OpenCLOpenCL 2.0 [2]
OpenGLOpenGL 4.5 (4.6 Windows 7+ and Adrenalin 18.4.1+)[3][4][5][6][7]
VulkanVulkan 1.2 (GCN 2nd gen and newer)[8] or Vulkan 1.0 (GCN 1st gen)
SPIR-V
History
PredecessorRadeon R5/R7/R9 200 series
SuccessorRadeon RX 400 series

The series includes the Fiji and Tonga GPU dies based on AMD's GCN 3 or "Volcanic Islands" architecture, which had originally been introduced with the Tonga based (though cut-down) R9 285 slightly earlier. Some of the cards in the series include the Fiji based flagship AMD Radeon R9 Fury X, cut-down Radeon R9 Fury and small form factor Radeon R9 Nano,[9] which are the first GPUs to feature High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) technology, which AMD co-developed in partnership with SK Hynix. HBM is faster and more power efficient than GDDR5 memory, though also more expensive.[10] However, the remaining GPUs in the series outside the Tonga based R9 380 and R9 380X are based on previous generation GPUs with revised power management, and therefore only feature GDDR5 memory (something Tonga does as well). The Radeon 300 series cards including the R9 390X were released on June 18, 2015. The flagship device, the Radeon R9 Fury X, was released on June 24, 2015, with the dual-GPU variant, the Radeon Pro Duo, being released on April 26, 2016.[11]

Micro-architecture and instruction set

The R9 380/X along with the R9 Fury & Nano series were AMD's first cards (after the earlier R9 285) to use the third iteration of their GCN instruction set and micro-architecture. The other cards in the series feature first and second gen iterations of GCN. The table below details which GCN-generation each chip belongs to.

AMD Fiji with HBM.

Ancillary ASICs

Any ancillary ASICs present on the chips are being developed independently of the core architecture and have their own version name schemes.

Multi-monitor support
Main article: AMD Eyefinity

The AMD Eyefinity branded on-die display controllers were introduced in September 2009 in the Radeon HD 5000 Series and have been present in all products since.[12]

AMD TrueAudio
Main article: AMD TrueAudio

AMD TrueAudio was introduced with the AMD Radeon Rx 200 Series, but can only be found on the dies of GCN 1.1 and later products.

Video acceleration

AMD's SIP core for video acceleration, Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine, are found on all GPUs and are supported by AMD Catalyst and by the open-source Radeon graphics driver.

Frame limiter

A completely new feature to the lineup allows users to reduce power consumption by not rendering unnecessary frames. It will be user configurable.

LiquidVR support

LiquidVR is a technology that improves the smoothness of virtual reality. The aim is to reduce latency between hardware so that the hardware can keep up with the user's head movement, eliminating the motion sickness. A particular focus is on dual GPU setups where each GPU will now render for one eye individually of the display.

Virtual super resolution support

Originally introduced with the previous generation R9 285 and R9 290 series graphics cards, this feature allows users to run games with higher image quality by rendering frames at above native resolution. Each frame is then downsampled to native resolution. This process is an alternative to supersampling which is not supported by all games. Virtual super resolution is similar to Dynamic Super Resolution, a feature available on competing nVidia graphics cards, but trades flexibility for increased performance.[13]

OpenCL (API)

OpenCL accelerates many scientific Software Packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more. Open CL 1.0 to 1.2 are supported for all Chips with Terascale and GCN Architecture. OpenCL 2.0 is supported with GCN 2nd Gen. or 1.2 and higher) [14] For OpenCL 2.1 and 2.2 only Driver Updates are necessary with OpenCL 2.0 conformant Cards.

Vulkan (API)

API Vulkan 1.0 is supported for all GCN architecture cards. Vulkan 1.2 requires GCN 2nd gen or higher with the Adrenalin 20.1 and Linux Mesa 20.0 drivers and newer.

Chipset tables

Desktop models
Model
(Codename)		 Release Date
& Price		 Architecture
(Fab)		 Transistors
Die Size		 Core Fillrate[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] Processing power[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 4]
(GFLOPS)		 Memory TBP (W) Bus interface
Config[lower-alpha 5] Clock[lower-alpha 1] (MHz) Texture (GT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Single Double Bus type
& width		 Size (MiB) Clock (MT/s) Band-
width (GB/s)
Radeon
R5 330
(Oland Pro)		 May 2015
OEM		 GCN 1st gen
(28 nm)		 1040×106
90 mm2		 320:20:8 Un­known
855
17.1
6.84
547.2
34.2		 DDR3
128-bit		 1024
2048		 1800 28.8 30 PCIe 3.0 ×16
Radeon
R5 340
(Oland XT)		 May 2015
OEM		 384:24:8 Un­known
825
19.8
6.6
633.6
39.6		 DDR3
GDDR5
128-bit		 1024
2048		 1800
4500		 72 75
Radeon
R7 340
(Oland XT)		 May 2015
OEM		 384:24:8 730
780		 17.5
18.7		 5.8
6.2		 560.6
599		 32.7
35		 DDR3
GDDR5
128-bit		 1024
2048
4096		 1800
4500		 72 75
Radeon
R5 340X[15]
(Oland XT)		 May 2015
OEM		 384:24:8 1050 25.2 8.4 806 50.4 DDR3
64-bit		 2048 2000 16 30
Radeon
R7 350
(Oland XT)		 May 2015
OEM		 384:24:8 1000
1050		 24
25.2		 8
8.4		 768
806.4		 48
50.4		 DDR3
GDDR5
128-bit		 1024
2048		 1800
4500		 72 75
Radeon
R7 350 [16]
(Cape Verde XTL)		 February 2016
$89 USD		 1500×106
123 mm2		 512:32:16 925 29.6 14.8 947.2 59.2 GDDR5
128-bit		 2048 4500 72 75
Radeon
R7 350X[17]
(Oland XT)		 May 2015
OEM		 1040×106
90 mm2		 384:24:8 1050 25.2 8.4 806 50.4 DDR3
128-bit		 4096 2000 32 30
Radeon
R7 360[18][19]
(Bonaire Pro)		 June 2015
$109 USD		 GCN 2nd gen
(28 nm)		 2080×106
160 mm2		 768:48:16 1050 50.4 16.8 1612.8 100.8 GDDR5
128-bit		 2048 6500 104 100
Radeon
R9 360
(Bonaire Pro)		 May 2015
OEM		 768:48:16 1000
1050		 48
50.4		 16
16.8		 1536
1612.8		 96
100.8		 GDDR5
128-bit		 2048 6500 104 85
Radeon
R7 370[18]
(Pitcairn Pro)		 June 2015
$149 USD		 GCN 1st gen
(28 nm)		 2800×106
212 mm2		 1024:64:32 975 62.4 31.2 1996.8 124.8 GDDR5
256-bit		 2048
4096		 5600 179.2 110
Radeon
R9 370
(Pitcairn Pro)		 May 2015
OEM		 1024:64:32 950
975		 60.8
62.4		 30.4
31.2		 1945.6
1996.8		 121.6
124.8		 GDDR5
256-bit		 2048
4096		 5600 179.2 150
Radeon
R9 370X
(Pitcairn XT)		 August 2015
$179 USD		 1280:80:32 1000 80 32 2560 160 GDDR5
256-bit		 2048
4096		 5600 179.2 185
Radeon
R9 380
(Tonga Pro)		 May 2015
OEM		 GCN 3rd gen
(28 nm)		 5000×106
359 mm2		 1792:112:32 918 102.8 29.4 3290 206.6 GDDR5
256-bit		 4096 5500 176 190
Radeon
R9 380[20]
(Tonga Pro)		 June 2015
$199 USD		 1792:112:32 970 108.6 31.0 3476.5 217.3 GDDR5
256-bit		 2048
4096		 5700 182.4[lower-alpha 6] 190
Radeon
R9 380X[20]
(Tonga XT)		 November 2015
$229 USD		 2048:128:32 970 124.2 31.0 3973.1 248.3 GDDR5
256-bit		 4096 5700 182.4 190
Radeon
R9 390[20]
(Grenada Pro)		 June 2015
$329 USD		 GCN 2nd gen
(28 nm)		 6200×106
438 mm2		 2560:160:64 1000 160 64 5120 640 GDDR5
512-bit		 8192 6000 384 275
Radeon
R9 390X[20]
(Grenada XT)		 June 2015
$429 USD		 2816:176:64 1050 184.8 67.2 5913.6 739.2 GDDR5
512-bit		 8192 6000 384 275
Radeon
R9 Fury[21]
(Fiji Pro)		 July 2015
$549 USD		 GCN 3rd gen
(28 nm)		 8900×106
596 mm2		 3584:224:64 1000 224 64 7168 448 HBM
4096-bit		 4096 1000 512 275
Radeon
R9 Nano[22]
(Fiji XT)		 August 2015
$649 USD		 4096:256:64 1000 256 64 8192 512 175
Radeon
R9 Fury X[20][23]
(Fiji XT)		 June 2015
$649 USD		 4096:256:64 1050 268.8 67.2 8601.6 537.6 275
Radeon
Pro Duo[24][25][26][27]
(Fiji XT)		 April 2016
$1499 USD		 2× 8900×106
2× 596 mm2		 2× 4096:256:64 1000 512 128 16384 1024 HBM
4096-bit		 2× 4096 1000 2× 512 350
Model
(Codename)		 Release Date
& Price		 Architecture
(Fab)		 Transistors
Die Size		 Config[lower-alpha 5] Clock[lower-alpha 1] (MHz) Texture (GT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Single Double Bus type
& width		 Size (MiB) Clock (MT/s) Band-
width (GB/s)		 TBP (W) Bus interface
Core Fillrate[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] Processing power[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 4]
(GFLOPS)		 Memory
  1. Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
  2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation. Double precision performance of Hawaii cards is 1/8 of single precision performance, for the other it is 1/16 of single precision performance.
  5. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
  6. The R9 380 utilizes loss-less color compression which can increase effective memory performance (relative to GCN 1st gen and 2nd gen cards) in certain situations.

Mobile models
Model
(Codename)		 Launch Architecture
(Fab)		 Core Fillrate[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] Processing power[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 4]
(GFLOPS)		 Memory TDP
Config[lower-alpha 5] Clock[lower-alpha 1] (MHz) Texture (GT/s) Pixel (GP/s) Bus type
& width		 Size (GiB) Clock (MT/s) Band-
width (GB/s)
Radeon
R5 M330[28]
(Exo Pro)		 2015 GCN 1st gen
(28 nm)		 320:20:8 Un­known
1030		 8.2 20.6 659.2 DDR3
64-bit		 2
4		 1000 14.4
16		 18 W
Radeon
R5 M335[28]
(Exo Pro)		 2015 320:20:8 Un­known
1070		 8.6 21.4 684.8 DDR3
64-bit		 2
4		 1100 17.6 Un­known
Radeon
R7 M360[29]
(Meso XT)		 2015 384:24:8 Un­known
1125		 9 27 864 DDR3
64-bit		 2
4		 1000 16 Un­known
Radeon
R9 M365X[30]
(Strato Pro)		 2015 640:40:16 Un­known
925		 14.8 37 1184 GDDR5
128-bit		 4 1125 72 50 W
Radeon
R9 M370X[30]
(Strato Pro)		 May 2015 640:40:16 800 12.8 32 1024 GDDR5
128-bit		 2 1125 72 40–45 W
Radeon
R9 M375[30]
(Strato Pro)		 2015 640:40:16 Un­known
1015		 16.2 40.6 1299.2 GDDR5
128-bit		 4 1100 35.2 Un­known
Radeon
R9 M375X[30]
(Strato Pro)		 2015 640:40:16 Un­known
1015		 16.2 40.6 1299.2 GDDR5
128-bit		 4 1125 72 Un­known
Radeon
R9 M380[30]
(Strato Pro)		 2015 640:40:16 Un­known
900		 14.4 36 1152 GDDR5
128-bit		 4 1500 96 Un­known
Radeon
R9 M385X[30]
(Strato)		 2015 GCN 2nd gen
(28 nm)		 896:56:16 Un­known
1100		 17.6 61.6 1971.2 GDDR5
128-bit		 4 1500 96 ~75 W
Radeon
R9 M390[30]
(Pitcairn)		 June 2015 GCN 1st gen
(28 nm)		 1024:64:32 Un­known
958		 30.7 61.3 1962 GDDR5
256-bit		 2 1365 174.7 ~100 W
Radeon
R9 M390X[30]
(Amethyst XT)		 2015 GCN 3rd gen
(28 nm)		 2048:128:32 Un­known
723		 23.1 92.5 2961.4 GDDR5
256-bit		 4 1250 160 125 W
Radeon
R9 M395[30]
(Amethyst Pro)		 2015 1792:112:32 Un­known
834		 26.6 93.4 2989.0 GDDR5
256-bit		 2 1365 174.7 125 W
Radeon
R9 M395X[30]
Amethyst XT)		 2015 2048:128:32 Un­known
909		 29.1 116.3 3723.3 GDDR5
256-bit		 4 1365 174.7 125 W
  1. Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
  2. Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  3. Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
  4. Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  5. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units

Radeon Feature Matrix

The following table shows features of AMD's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

Name of GPU series Wonder Mach 3D Rage Rage Pro Rage R100 R200 R300 R400 R500 R600 RV670 R700 Evergreen Northern
Islands		 Southern
Islands		 Sea
Islands		 Volcanic
Islands		 Arctic
Islands/Polaris		 Vega Navi Big Navi
Released 1986 1991 1996 1997 1998 Apr 2000 Aug 2001 Sep 2002 May 2004 Oct 2005 May 2007 Nov 2007 Jun 2008 Sep 2009 Oct 2010 Jan 2012 Sep 2013 Jun 2015 Jun 2016 Jun 2017 Jul 2019 Nov 2020
Marketing Name Wonder Mach 3D Rage Rage Pro Rage Radeon 7000 Radeon 8000 Radeon 9000 Radeon X700/X800 Radeon X1000 Radeon HD 2000 Radeon HD 3000 Radeon HD 4000 Radeon HD 5000 Radeon HD 6000 Radeon HD 7000 Radeon Rx 200 Radeon Rx 300 Radeon RX 400/500 Radeon RX Vega/Radeon VII(7nm) Radeon RX 5000 Radeon RX 6000
AMD support
Kind 2D 3D
Instruction set Not publicly known TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture TeraScale 1 TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) GCN 1st gen GCN 2nd gen GCN 3rd gen GCN 4th gen GCN 5th gen RDNA RDNA 2
Type Fixed pipeline[lower-alpha 1] Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines Unified shader model
Direct3D N/A 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.1 9.0
11 (9_2)		 9.0b
11 (9_2)		 9.0c
11 (9_3)		 10.0
11 (10_0)		 10.1
11 (10_1)		 11 (11_0) 11 (11_1)
12 (11_1)		 11 (12_0)
12 (12_0)		 11 (12_1)
12 (12_1)		 11 (12_2)
12 (12_2)
Shader model N/A 1.4 2.0+ 2.0b 3.0 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.1
6.3		 6.4 6.5
OpenGL N/A 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.0[lower-alpha 2] 3.3 4.5 (on Linux + Mesa 3D: 4.5 with FP64 HW support, 4.3 without)[31][5][6][lower-alpha 3] 4.6 (on Linux: 4.6 (Mesa 20.0))
Vulkan N/A 1.0
(Win 7+ or Mesa 17+)		 1.2 (Adrenalin 20.1, Linux Mesa 20.0)
OpenCL N/A Close to Metal 1.1 1.2 2.0 (Adrenalin driver on Win7+)
(on Linux: 1.2 with Mesa 3D, 2.1 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm)		 ? 2.1 [32]
HSA N/A ?
Video decoding ASIC N/A Avivo/UVD UVD+ UVD 2 UVD 2.2 UVD 3 UVD 4 UVD 4.2 UVD 5.0 or 6.0 UVD 6.3 UVD 7[33][lower-alpha 4] VCN 2.0[33][lower-alpha 4] VCN 3.0[34]
Video encoding ASIC N/A VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.0 or 3.1 VCE 3.4 VCE 4.0[33][lower-alpha 4]
Fluid Motion
Power saving ? PowerPlay PowerTune PowerTune & ZeroCore Power ?
TrueAudio N/A Via dedicated DSP Via shaders ?
FreeSync N/A 1
2
HDCP[lower-alpha 5] ? 1.4 1.4
2.2		 1.4
2.2
2.3		 ?
PlayReady[lower-alpha 5] N/A 3.0 3.0 ?
Supported displays[lower-alpha 6] 1–2 2 2–6 ?
Max. resolution ? 2–6 ×
2560×1600		 2–6 ×
4096×2160 @ 60 Hz		 2–6 ×
5120×2880 @ 60 Hz		 3 ×
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz[35]		 ?
/drm/radeon[lower-alpha 7] N/A
/drm/amdgpu[lower-alpha 7] N/A Experimental[36]
  1. The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
  2. These series do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
  3. OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
  4. The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
  5. To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  6. More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
  7. DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

Graphics device drivers

Proprietary graphics device driver Catalyst
Main article: AMD Catalyst

AMD Catalyst is being developed for Microsoft Windows and Linux. As of July 2014, other operating systems are not officially supported. This may be different for the AMD FirePro brand, which is based on identical hardware but features OpenGL-certified graphics device drivers.

AMD Catalyst supports all features advertised for the Radeon brand.

Free and open-source graphics device driver radeon
Main article: free and open-source "Radeon" graphics device driver

The free and open-source drivers are primarily developed on and for Linux, but have been ported to other operating systems as well. Each driver is composed out of five parts:

  1. Linux kernel component DRM
  2. Linux kernel component KMS driver: basically the device driver for the display controller
  3. user-space component libDRM
  4. user-space component in Mesa 3D
  5. a special and distinct 2D graphics device driver for X.Org Server, which is finally about to be replaced by Glamor

The free and open-source radeon kernel driver supports most of the features implemented into the Radeon line of GPUs.[6]

The radeon kernel driver is not reverse engineered, but based on documentation released by AMD.[37] This drivers still requires proprietary microcode to operate DRM functions and some GPUs may fail to launch the X server if not available.

Free and open-source graphics device driver amdgpu

This new kernel driver is directly supported and developed by AMD. It is available on various Linux distributions, and has been ported to some other operating systems as well. Only GCN GPUs are supported.[6]

Proprietary graphics device driver AMDGPU-PRO

This new driver by AMD is still undergoing development, but can be used on a few supported Linux distributions already (AMD officially supports Ubuntu, RHEL/CentOS).[38] The driver has been experimentally ported to ArchLinux[39] and other distributions. AMDGPU-PRO is set to replace the previous AMD Catalyst driver and is based on the free and open source amdgpu kernel driver. Pre-GCN GPUs are not supported.

See also

References
  1. "AMD officially introduces Radeon 300 "Caribbean Islands" series - VideoCardz.com". videocardz.com.
  2. "AMD Catalyst™ Software Suite for AMD Radeon™ 300 Series Graphics Products". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  3. "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition 16.3 Release Notes". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  4. "AMDGPU-PRO Driver for Linux Release Notes". 2016. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  5. "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  6. "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  7. https://www.geeks3d.com/20180501/amd-adrenalin-18-4-1-graphics-driver-released-opengl-4-6-vulkan-1-1-70/
  8. "AMD Open Source Driver for Vulkan". GPUOpen. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  9. "AMD R9 390X and AMD Fury". tectomorrow.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  10. Moammer, Khalid. "HBM 3D Stacked Memory is up to 9X Faster Than GDDR5 – Coming With AMD Pirate Islands R9 300 Series". WCCF Tech. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  11. "AMD's Upcoming Fiji Based Radeon Flagship Is "Fury", R9 390X Is Based On Enhanced Hawaii". WCCFtech.
  12. "AMD Eyefinity: FAQ". AMD. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  13. Smith, Ryan. "The AMD Radeon R9 Fury X Review". Anandtech. Purch. p. 8. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  14. https://www.khronos.org/conformance/adopters/conformant-products
  15. videocardz. "AMD Radeon R5 340X Specifications". Videocardz. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  16. Mujtaba, Hassan (1 March 2016). "AMD Silently Launches Radeon R7 350 2 GB Graphics Card With Cape Verde XTL Core - Launch Exclusive To APAC Markets".
  17. videocardz. "AMD Radeon R7 350X Specifications". Videocardz. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  18. "Radeon™ R7 Series Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  19. btarunr (18 June 2015). "AMD Announces the Radeon R7 300 Series". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  20. "Radeon™ R9 Series Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
  21. Mujtaba, Hassan (10 July 2015). "AMD Radeon R9 Fury with Fiji Pro GPU Officially Launched – 4K Ready Performance, Beats the 980 but for $50 More at $549 US". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  22. Mujtaba, Hassan (17 June 2015). "AMD Radeon R9 Fury X, R9 Nano and Fury Unveiled – Fiji GPU Based, HBM Powered, $649 US Priced Small Form Factor Powerhouse". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  23. Moammer, Khalid (17 June 2015). "AMD Unveils $650 R9 Fury X and $550 R9 Fury – Powered By Fiji, World's First HBM GPU". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  24. Garreffa, Anthony (12 March 2016). "AMD's Upcoming Dual-GPU Called Radeon Pro Duo, Not the R9 Fury X2". TweakTown. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  25. Mah Ung, Gordon (14 March 2016). "AMD's $1,500 Dual-GPU Radeon Pro Duo Graphics Card is Built for Virtual Reality". PC World. IDG. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  26. Moammer, Khalid (17 June 2015). "AMD Unveils World's Fastest Graphics Card – Dual Fiji Fury Board". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
  27. Williams, Daniel (26 April 2016). "AMD Releases Radeon Pro Duo: Dual Fiji, 350W, $1500". Anandtech. Purch Group. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  28. "Radeon™ R5 Series Graphics Cards for Notebook PC | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  29. "Radeon™ R7 Series Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  30. "Radeon™ R9 Series Laptop Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  31. "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  32. "AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  33. Killian, Zak (22 March 2017). "AMD publishes patches for Vega support on Linux". Tech Report. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  34. Larabel, Michael (15 September 2020). "AMD Radeon Navi 2 / VCN 3.0 Supports AV1 Video Decoding". Phoronix. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  35. "Radeon's next-generation Vega architecture" (PDF). Radeon Technologies Group (AMD). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  36. Larabel, Michael (7 December 2016). "The Best Features of the Linux 4.9 Kernel". Phoronix. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  37. "AMD Developer Guides". Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  38. "Radeon Software for Linux Release Notes". support.amd.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  39. "AMDGPU - ArchWiki". wiki.archlinux.org. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
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