Sangiric languages

The Sangiric languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken in North Sulawesi, Indonesia and several small islands to the north which belong to the Philippines. They are classified as a branch of the Philippine subgroup.[1]

Sangiric
Geographic
distribution		northern Sulawesi
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Subdivisions
  • North
  • South
Glottologsang1335

Classification

The following classification scheme is from James Sneddon (1984:57).[2]

The North Sangiric languages are spoken in the Sangir and Talaud archipelagos of Indonesia just north of Sulawesi, as well as the Sarangani Islands of the Philippines just south of Mindanao. The South Sangiric languages are spoken in scattered locations on the northern tip of Sulawesi. Bantik is spoken in the Manado region, while Ratahan is spoken just south of Lake Tondano.

Reconstruction
Proto-Sangiric
Reconstruction ofSangiric languages
Reconstructed
ancestors

Proto-Sangiric (PSan) has been reconstructed by Sneddon (1984).[2]

Phonology
Vowels
Front Central Back
Close *i *u
Mid *e *ə *o
Open *a
Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless *p *t *k *ʔ
voiced *b *d *g
Fricative *s
Nasal *m *n *ŋ
Lateral *l
Approximant *w *y *R

The exact phonetic nature of *R is unclear. Its reflexes are Sangil [r], Sangir, Ratahan [h], Talaud [ʒ ~ k:], Bantik zero. Sneddon speculates that it may have been a coarticulated apical trill with velar friction, which is the usual realization of Sangil [r].

Vocabulary

The comparison table (a small selection from Sneddon 1984:61–114) illustrates the correspondences between the Sangiric languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Sangiric innovations.

Comparison table
Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn)
Talaud Sangir Sangil Bantik Ratahan PSan PAn Meaning
biβikkabiβihəʔbiβirəʔbíbihiʔβiβi*bibiR*bibiR'lip'
tallutəlutawtulutulú*təlu*təlu'three'
anummaənuŋnuŋnuŋnum*ənum*ənəm'six'
manuʔamanuʔmanuʔmanuʔmanuk*manuk*manuk'fowl'
duʒiduhiduriduhirui*duRi*duRi'bone'
paɭ̆addapaɭ̆edəʔpaɭ̆edəʔpáledeʔpaler*paled*palaj'palm, sole'
daɭ̆annadaɭ̆eŋdaɭ̆eŋdaleŋralen*dalen*zalan'road'
Sangiric innovations
Talaud Sangir Sangil Bantik Ratahan PSan PAn Meaning
inassakinaʔkinaʔkínasaʔkinas*kinas(*Sikan)'fish'
denodenoʔdenoʔdenoreno*deno(*diRus)'bathe'
ʒodohorororohodowʰorow*Rodaw(*Cazəm)'sharp'

See also

References
  1. Adelaar, K. Alexander & Himmelmann, Nikolaus (2005). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. London: Routledge.
  2. Sneddon, James N. (1984). Proto-Sangiric and the Sangiric languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.