Buol language
Buol (Bual, Bwo’ol, Bwool, Dia) is an Austronesian language spoken in North-eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
| Buol | |
|---|---|
| Apadu Vuolo | |
| Pronunciation | ['apadu 'βuɔʎɔ] |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Buol Regency |
Native speakers | 96,000 (2000 census)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | blf |
| Glottolog | buol1237 |
Phonology
Vowels are /a e i o u/.[2] Stress falls on penultimate syllable, with sequence of like vowels counting as one syllable. Consonants are:
| Labial | Apical | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive/Affricate | voiceless | p | t̪ | k | (ʔ) | |
| voiced | b | d | (dʒ) | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | (s) | (h) | |||
| voiced | β | |||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||
| Trill | r | |||||
/dʒ/ occurs in loans. /h/, /s/, /ʔ/ are found in loans and a small number of native words, such as /buahaŋa/ 'k.o. cricket', /sio/ 'nine', /naʔal/ 'bark slippers'.
/β/ only occurs before /u/, but there are near-minimal pairs such as /βuŋo/ 'fruit', /buŋol/ 'leaf'.
/l/ is pronounced [l] after a front vowel, as in [dila] 'tongue'; [ɽ] if not preceded, but followed by a front vowel, as in [aɽe] 'chin'; and [ʎ] elsewhere. However, there is an exception with the sequences /lala, lola, lolo/, where the first /l/ is pronounced [l], as in /lolo/ [loʎo] 'face'.
References
- Buol at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Zobel, Erik (2005). "Buol". In Adelaar, K. Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus (eds.). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. London: Routledge. pp. 625–648. ISBN 0-7007-1286-0.
Further reading
- Ahmad, Garantjang; Arnir Kadir; Dahlan Kajia; Zohra Mahmud (1986). Struktur Bahasa Buol [Buol Language Structure] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.