Tontemboan language

Tontemboan
Native to	Indonesia
Region	northern Sulawesi
Native speakers	(150,000 cited 1990)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Minahasan North Tontemboan; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tnt
Glottolog	tont1239

Tontemboan is an Austronesian language, of northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is a Minahasan language, a sub-group of the Philippine languages.[2]

Tontemboan Bible, by M. Adriani-Gunning and J. Regar, published in 1907 by Firma P.W.M Trap, Leiden, Holland.

Name and dialects

Other names and dialect names are: Makela'i-Maotow, Makelai, Matana'i-Maore', Matanai, Pakewa, Kumawangkoan, Tompakewa, Tumompaso, Sonder, Tountemboan.[3]

Usage

As of 2013, an estimated 100,000 people speak the language, but it is not being passed on to children. It is used in the areas of Sonder, Kawangkoan, Tompaso, Langowan, Tumpaan, Suluun, Amurang, Kumelembuai, Motoling, Tompaso Baru, and Modoinding.[4] Documentation of the language assembled by missionaries a century ago is relatively inaccessible to Tontemboan speakers, as it is written in the Dutch language. As of 2013, the Endangered Language Alliance is organizing a series of Tontemboan language events in New York City.[5]

In 1907, Firma P.W.M Trap, Leiden, Holland published a Bible in the Tontemboan language. It was edited by Maria Lamberta Adriani-Gunning and Johannis Regar.

Vocabulary

English	Tontemboan[6]	Pronunciation
one	esa
two	rua
three	tellu
four	epat
five	lima
six	enem
seven	pitu
eight	wallu
nine	siou
ten	mapulu
north	monge
south	meko
west	mako
east	mico
water	rano
shower	lemele
eat	kuman
work	tamawoy
fire	api
ear	lunteng
cold	utiŋ
large	wangkər
I	aku
you	angko
know	-taʔu
say	nuwu

References

Tontemboan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Liao (2008), p. 3
OLAC resources in and about the Tontemboan language
Sneddon (1970), p. 16
Bruce Wallace (Director) (2013-10-10). "When New Yorker Rose Monintja speaks her native tongue, the memories flood back". The World. Public Radio International. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
Sneddon (1970), pp. 20–26

Sources

Schwarz, J. A. T. (1907a). Tontemboansche Teksten (in Dutch). 1. 's Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff.
Schwarz, J. A. T. (1907b). Tontemboansche Teksten (in Dutch). 2. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Schwarz, J. A. T. (1907c). Tontemboansche Teksten (in Dutch). 3. 's Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff.
Schwarz, J. A. T. (1908). Hoofdstukken uit de Spraakkunst van het Tontemboansch (in Dutch). Uitg. door Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië [bij] M. Nijhoff.
Liao, Hsiu-chuan (2008). "A Typology of First Person Dual Pronouns and Their Reconstructibility in Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 47 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1353/ol.0.0002. JSTOR 20172338.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Sneddon, J. N. (1970). "The Languages of Minahasa, North Celebes". Oceanic Linguistics. 9 (1): 11–36. doi:10.2307/3622930. JSTOR 3622930.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

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[e18-1] Tontemboan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[2] Liao (2008), p. 3

[3] OLAC resources in and about the Tontemboan language

[4] Sneddon (1970), p. 16

[5] Bruce Wallace (Director) (2013-10-10). "When New Yorker Rose Monintja speaks her native tongue, the memories flood back". The World. Public Radio International. Retrieved 2013-10-16.

[6] Sneddon (1970), pp. 20–26