Selkirk Mountains

The Selkirk Mountains are a mountain range spanning the northern portion of the Idaho Panhandle, eastern Washington, and southeastern British Columbia which are part of a larger grouping of mountains, the Columbia Mountains. They begin at Mica Peak near Spokane and extend approximately 320 km north (200 miles) from the border to Kinbasket Lake, at the now-inundated location of the onetime fur company post Boat Encampment. The range is bounded on its west, northeast and at its northern extremity by the Columbia River, or the reservoir lakes now filling most of that river's course. From the Columbia's confluence with the Beaver River, they are bounded on their east by the Purcell Trench,[1] which contains the Beaver River, Duncan River, Duncan Lake, Kootenay Lake and the Kootenay River. The Selkirks are distinct from, and geologically older than, the Rocky Mountains.[2] The neighboring Monashee and Purcell Mountains, and sometimes including the Cariboo Mountains to the northwest, are also part of the larger grouping of mountains known as the Columbia Mountains. A scenic highway loop, the International Selkirk Loop, encircles the southern portions of the mountain range.

Selkirk Mountains
At the Rogers Pass by John A. Fraser, 1886
Highest point
PeakMount Sir Sandford
Elevation3,519 m (11,545 ft)
Coordinates51°39′24″N 117°52′03″W 
Dimensions
Length525 km (326 mi) NS
Width175 km (109 mi) EW
Geography
Location map of the Selkirk Mountains
CountriesCanada and United States
Provinces/StatesBritish Columbia, Idaho and Washington
Range coordinates49°57′N 117°23′W
Parent rangeColumbia Mountains
Borders onMonashee Mountains, Purcell Mountains and Cariboo Mountains
Geology
Type of rockMetamorphic rock

The Selkirks were named after Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk.

Modern History
USGS surveyors on Scotchman Peak in 1900

In 1857 gold was discovered in the Selkirks.[3] Coal, copper, marble, mercury, silver, and zinc were also found in the mountains.[3] During the development of Western Canada, the Selkirks presented a formidable barrier to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, until A.B. Rogers discovered the mountain pass that bears his name in 1881–1882. As a result of the railway's construction via that route, Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Parks (Canada) in the heart of the Selkirks were among the first national parks created in Canada, along with Yoho and Banff National Parks in the Rockies. Until the completion of the Trans-Canada Highway via the Rogers Pass, automotive traffic between most of British Columbia and the rest of Canada necessarily was forced to follow the path of the Columbia River via its Big Bend, around the north end of the Selkirks.

Fauna

This area, some of it protected in Washington's Salmo-Priest Wilderness, is also home to mule deer and white-tailed deer, elk, black bears, cougars, bobcats, red fox, bald eagles, golden eagles, osprey, great blue heron, porcupine, badgers, coyote, martens, bighorn sheep, mountain goats, gray wolves and moose. Formerly rarely seen, grizzly bears are also known to roam through this region now in abundance.[4]

South Selkirk mountain caribou

The southern end of the Selkirk Mountains was the home of the last naturally occurring caribou herd in the contiguous United States,[5] the South Selkirk mountain caribou. The herd was cross boundary, spending some time in extreme northern Idaho, eastern Washington, and British Columbia, Canada. The South Selkirk mountain caribou is a woodland mountain caribou, an ecotype of the boreal woodland caribou, one of the most critically endangered mammals.[6]

In 2009 the herd of 50 animals was declining, by April 2018, only three remained,[6] and in January 2019, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) announced in its scientific journal, Science, that British Columbia's provincial biologists captured the female caribou in Canada and moved her to a captive rearing pen near Revelstoke in the hopes of "preserving highly endangered herds".[7] According to the AAAS, it is believed that this female caribou is the "last member of the last herd to regularly cross into the lower 48 states from Canada".[7][8]

Sub-ranges
Mt. Fox and Mt. Dawson from Asulkan Pass, British Columbia, c. 1902

References
  1. Doughty, P.T.; Price, R.A. (2000). "Geology of the Purcell Trench rift valley and Sandpoint Conglomerate: Eocene en echelon normal faulting and synrift sedimentation along the eastern flank of the Priest River metamorphic complex, northern Idaho". GSA Bulletin. 112 (9): 1356–1374. Bibcode:2000GSAB..112.1356D. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1356:GOTPTR>2.0.CO;2.
  2. Meier, Mark F.; Tangborn, Wendell V.; Mayo, Lawrence R.; Post, Austin (1971). "Combined Ice and Water Balances of Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, Alaska, and South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1965 and 1966 Hydrologic Years". USGS. Geological Survey Professional Paper 715-A.
  3. Wynn, Graeme (2011). "Selkirk Mountains". World Book. Chicago: World Book, Inc. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7166-0111-1.
  4. "Wilderness.net: Salmo-Priest Wilderness". Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  5. "Mammals of Eastern Washington". 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-12-10. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
  6. Robbins, Jim (April 14, 2018). "Gray Ghosts, the Last Caribou in the Lower 48 States, Are 'Functionally Extinct". The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
  7. Moskovitz, David (January 17, 2019). "The contiguous United States just lost its last wild caribou". Science AAAS. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
  8. Wiles, Gary J. (January 2017). "Periodic Status Review for the Woodland Caribou (2017)" (PDF). Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife: 37. Retrieved January 18, 2019. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)


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