Simijaca Formation

The Simijaca Formation (Spanish: Formación Simijaca, K2S, Kss) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly mudstone formation dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian and Cenomanian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 693 metres (2,274 ft).

Simijaca Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian-Turonian
~100–90 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofVilleta Group
UnderliesLa Frontera Formation
OverliesChiquinquirá Sst., Churuvita Fm., Hiló Fm., Pacho Fm.
Thicknessup to 693 m (2,270 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone
OtherShale, sandstone, limestone
Location
Coordinates5°29′15″N 73°50′55″W
RegionAltiplano Cundiboyacense
Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country Colombia
Type section
Named forSimijaca
Named byUlloa & Rodríguez
LocationSouth of Simijaca
Year defined1991
Coordinates5°29′15″N 73°50′55″W
RegionCundinamarca, Boyacá
Country Colombia
Thickness at type section432 metres (1,420 ft)

Paleogeography of Northern South America
90 Ma, by Ron Blakey

Etymology

The formation was defined and named in 1991 by Ulloa and Rodríguez after Simijaca, Cundinamarca.[1]

Description

Lithologies

The Simijaca Formation is characterised by a sequence of mudstones, grey and black shales with sandstone and limestone intercalations.[1][2]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment

The Simijaca Formation conformably overlies the Chiquinquirá Sandstone, and the Hiló and Pacho Formations, and is overlain by the La Frontera Formation.[3] The age has been estimated to be Turonian,[1] or Cenomanian.[4] Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Chipaque Formation.[5] The formation has been deposited in an open marine platform setting.[6] The deposition is represented by a maximum flooding surface.[7]

Outcrops

Type locality of the Simijaca Formation on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

The Simijaca Formation is apart from its type locality in the Quebrada Don Lope,[2] found at surface in the north of the Bogotá savanna, in the Tabio anticlinal, along the road Ubaté-Carmen de Carupa,[8] at the western and eastern flanks of the Aponsentos-Chiquinquirá Synclinal,[9] near Tena, south of Anolaima and Cachipay,[10] and between Anapoima and Granada.[11]

Regional correlations

Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges
AgePaleomapVMMGuaduas-VélezW Emerald BeltVilleta anticlinalChiquinquirá-
Arcabuco
Tunja-
Duitama
Altiplano CundiboyacenseEl Cocuy
MaastrichtianUmirCórdobaSecaerodedGuaduasColón-Mito Juan
UmirGuadalupe
CampanianCórdoba
Oliní
SantonianLa LunaCimarrona - La TablaLa Luna
ConiacianOliníConejoChipaque
Güagüaquí
Loma GordaundefinedLa Frontera
TuronianHonditaLa FronteraOtanche
CenomanianSimitíhiatusLa CoronaSimijacaCapacho
Pacho Fm.Hiló - PachoChuruvitaUneAguardiente
AlbianHilóChiquinquiráTibasosaUne
TablazoTablazoCapotes - La Palma - SimitíSimitíTibú-Mercedes
AptianCapotesSocotá - El PeñónPajaFómeque
PajaPajaEl PeñónTrincherasRío Negro
La Naveta
Barremian
HauterivianMuzo
Cáqueza
Las Juntas
RosablancaRitoque
ValanginianRitoqueFuratenaÚtica - MurcaRosablancahiatusMacanal
Rosablanca
BerriasianCumbreCumbreLos MediosGuavio
TamborArcabucoCumbre
Sources

See also

Geology of the Eastern Hills
Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

References

  1. Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.21
  2. Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.38
  3. Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.32
  4. Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.41
  5. Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.22
  6. García González et al., 2009, p.209
  7. Villamil, 2012, p.164
  8. Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.23
  9. Plancha 190, 2009
  10. Plancha 227, 1998
  11. Plancha 246, 1998

Bibliography

  • Acosta Garay, Jorge, and Carlos E. Ulloa Melo. 2001. Geología de la Plancha 208 Villeta - 1:100,000, 1-84. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2017-03-23.
  • García González, Mario; Ricardo Mier Umaña; Luis Enrique Cruz Guevara, and Mauricio Vásquez. 2009. Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, 1-219. Universidad Industrial de Santander.
  • Montoya Arenas, Diana María, and Germán Alfonso Reyes Torres. 2005. Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, 1–104. INGEOMINAS.
  • Villamil, Tomas. 2012. Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, 161–216. Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM).

Maps

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