Rosablanca Formation

The Rosablanca Formation (Spanish: Formación Rosablanca, Kir) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Middle Magdalena Basin. The formation consists of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with at the upper part sandstones. The formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Valanginian epoch and has a thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the valley of the Sogamoso River.

Rosablanca Formation
Stratigraphic range: Valanginian
~136–133 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesPaja Fm., Ritoque Fm.
OverliesCumbres Fm., Girón Fm., Los Medios Fm.
Thickness~470 m (1,540 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherShale
Location
Coordinates4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W
RegionAltiplano Cundiboyacense
Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country Colombia
Type section
Named byWheeler
LocationMesa de Los Santos
Year defined1929
Coordinates4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W
RegionBoyacá, Santander
Country Colombia

Definition

The formation was first defined by Wheeler in 1929.[1]

Description

Lithologies

The Rosablanca Formation is characterised by a sequence of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with a maximum thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the Sogamoso River valley.[1]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment

The Rosablanca Formation overlies the Arcabuco Formation and is overlain by the Ritoque Formation. The age has been estimated to be Valanginian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Macanal Formation.[1]

Fossils

Fossils of Diaulax rosablanca have been found in and named after the Rosablanca Formation.[2] In 2019, fossils of Sellithyris elizabetha were described from the formation.[3] In 2020 remains of indeterminate pterosaurs were described from the formation, including pterodactyloids and non-Pteranodontian ornithocheiroids.[4]

Outcrops
Type locality of the Rosablanca Formation in Santander

The Rosablanca Formation is found, apart from its type locality on the Mesa de Los Santos, Santander, in Boyacá and the Middle Magdalena Basin.

Regional correlations
Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges
AgePaleomapVMMGuaduas-VélezW Emerald BeltVilleta anticlinalChiquinquirá-
Arcabuco		Tunja-
Duitama		Altiplano CundiboyacenseEl Cocuy
MaastrichtianUmirCórdobaSecaerodedGuaduasColón-Mito Juan
UmirGuadalupe
CampanianCórdoba
Oliní
SantonianLa LunaCimarrona - La TablaLa Luna
ConiacianOliníConejoChipaque
Güagüaquí
Loma GordaundefinedLa Frontera
TuronianHonditaLa FronteraOtanche
CenomanianSimitíhiatusLa CoronaSimijacaCapacho
Pacho Fm.Hiló - PachoChuruvitaUneAguardiente
AlbianHilóChiquinquiráTibasosaUne
TablazoTablazoCapotes - La Palma - SimitíSimitíTibú-Mercedes
AptianCapotesSocotá - El PeñónPajaFómeque
PajaPajaEl PeñónTrincherasRío Negro
La Naveta
Barremian
HauterivianMuzo
Cáqueza
Las Juntas
RosablancaRitoque
ValanginianRitoqueFuratenaÚtica - MurcaRosablancahiatusMacanal
Rosablanca
BerriasianCumbreCumbreLos MediosGuavio
TamborArcabucoCumbre
Sources
Stratigraphy of the Llanos Basin and surrounding provinces
MaAgePaleomapRegional eventsCatatumboCordilleraproximal Llanosdistal LlanosPutumayoVSMEnvironmentsMaximum thicknessPetroleum geologyNotes
0.01Holocene
Holocene volcanism
Seismic activity		alluviumOverburden
1Pleistocene
Pleistocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
Glaciations		GuayaboSoatá
Sabana		NecesidadGuayaboGigante
Neiva		Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo)550 m (1,800 ft)
(Guayabo)		[5][6][7][8]
2.6Pliocene
Pliocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
GABI		Subachoque
5.3MessinianAndean orogeny 3
Foreland		MarichuelaCaimánHonda[7][9]
13.5LanghianRegional floodingLeónhiatusCajaLeónLacustrine (León)400 m (1,300 ft)
(León)		Seal[8][10]
16.2BurdigalianMiocene inundations
Andean orogeny 2		C1Carbonera C1OspinaProximal fluvio-deltaic (C1)850 m (2,790 ft)
(Carbonera)		Reservoir[9][8]
17.3C2Carbonera C2Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2)Seal
19C3Carbonera C3Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3)Reservoir
21Early MiocenePebas wetlandsC4Carbonera C4BarzalosaDistal fluvio-deltaic (C4)Seal
23Late Oligocene
Andean orogeny 1
Foredeep		C5Carbonera C5OritoProximal fluvio-deltaic (C5)Reservoir[6][9]
25C6Carbonera C6Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6)Seal
28Early OligoceneC7C7PepinoGualandayProximal deltaic-marine (C7)Reservoir[6][9][11]
32Oligo-EoceneC8UsmeC8onlapMarine-deltaic (C8)Seal
Source		[11]
35Late Eocene
MiradorMiradorCoastal (Mirador)240 m (790 ft)
(Mirador)		Reservoir[8][12]
40Middle EoceneRegaderahiatus
45
50Early Eocene
SochaLos CuervosDeltaic (Los Cuervos)260 m (850 ft)
(Los Cuervos)		Seal
Source		[8][12]
55Late PaleocenePETM
2000 ppm CO2		Los CuervosBogotáGualanday
60Early PaleoceneSALMABarcoGuaduasBarcoRumiyacoFluvial (Barco)225 m (738 ft)
(Barco)		Reservoir[5][6][9][8][13]
65Maastrichtian
KT extinctionCatatumboGuadalupeMonserrateDeltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe)750 m (2,460 ft)
(Guadalupe)		Reservoir[5][8]
72CampanianEnd of riftingColón-Mito Juan[8][14]
83SantonianVilleta/Güagüaquí
86Coniacian
89TuronianCenomanian-Turonian anoxic eventLa LunaChipaqueGachetáhiatusRestricted marine (all)500 m (1,600 ft)
(Gachetá)		Source[5][8][15]
93Cenomanian
Rift 2
100AlbianUneUneCaballosDeltaic (Une)500 m (1,600 ft)
(Une)		Reservoir[9][15]
113Aptian
CapachoFómequeMotemaYavíOpen marine (Fómeque)800 m (2,600 ft)
(Fómeque)		Source (Fóm)[6][8][16]
125BarremianHigh biodiversityAguardientePajaShallow to open marine (Paja)940 m (3,080 ft)
(Paja)		Reservoir[5]
129Hauterivian
Rift 1Tibú-
Mercedes		Las JuntashiatusDeltaic (Las Juntas)910 m (2,990 ft)
(Las Juntas)		Reservoir (LJun)[5]
133ValanginianRío NegroCáqueza
Macanal
Rosablanca		Restricted marine (Macanal)2,935 m (9,629 ft)
(Macanal)		Source (Mac)[6][17]
140BerriasianGirón
145TithonianBreak-up of PangeaJordánArcabucoBuenavista
Batá
SaldañaAlluvial, fluvial (Buenavista)110 m (360 ft)
(Buenavista)		"Jurassic"[9][18]
150Early-Mid Jurassic
Passive margin 2La Quinta
Montebel

Noreán		hiatusCoastal tuff (La Quinta)100 m (330 ft)
(La Quinta)		[19]
201Late Triassic
MucuchachiPayandé[9]
235Early Triassic
Pangeahiatus"Paleozoic"
250Permian
300Late Carboniferous
Famatinian orogenyCerro Neiva
()		[20]
340Early CarboniferousFossil fish
Romer's gap		Cuche
(355-385)		Farallones
()		Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche)900 m (3,000 ft)
(Cuche)
360Late Devonian
Passive margin 1Río Cachirí
(360-419)		Ambicá
()		Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones)2,400 m (7,900 ft)
(Farallones)		[17][21][22][23][24]
390Early Devonian
High biodiversityFloresta
(387-400)
El Tíbet		Shallow marine (Floresta)600 m (2,000 ft)
(Floresta)
410Late SilurianSilurian mystery
425Early Silurianhiatus
440Late Ordovician
Rich fauna in BoliviaSan Pedro
(450-490)		Duda
()
470Early OrdovicianFirst fossilsBusbanzá
(>470±22)
Chuscales
Otengá		Guape
()		Río Nevado
()		Hígado
()
Agua Blanca
Venado
(470-475)
[25][26][27]
488Late Cambrian
Regional intrusionsChicamocha
(490-515)		Quetame
()		Ariarí
()		SJ del Guaviare
(490-590)		San Isidro
()		[28][29]
515Early CambrianCambrian explosion[27][30]
542Ediacaran
Break-up of Rodiniapre-Quetamepost-ParguazaEl Barro
()		Yellow: allochthonous basement
(Chibcha Terrane)
Green: autochthonous basement
(Río Negro-Juruena Province)		Basement[31][32]
600Neoproterozoic
Cariri Velhos orogenyBucaramanga
(600-1400)		pre-Guaviare[28]
800
Snowball Earth[33]
1000Mesoproterozoic
Sunsás orogenyAriarí
(1000)		La Urraca
(1030-1100)		[34][35][36][37]
1300Rondônia-Juruá orogenypre-AriaríParguaza
(1300-1400)		Garzón
(1180-1550)		[38]
1400
pre-Bucaramanga[39]
1600PaleoproterozoicMaimachi
(1500-1700)		pre-Garzón[40]
1800
Tapajós orogenyMitú
(1800)		[38][40]
1950Transamazonic orogenypre-Mitú[38]
2200Columbia
2530Archean
Carajas-Imataca orogeny[38]
3100Kenorland
Sources
Legend
  • group
  • important formation
  • fossiliferous formation
  • minor formation
  • (age in Ma)
  • proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
  • distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]

See also
Geology of the Eastern Hills
Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

Notes and references

Notes
  1. based on Duarte et al. (2019)[41], García González et al. (2009),[42] and geological report of Villavicencio[43]
  2. based on Duarte et al. (2019)[41] and the hydrocarbon potential evaluation performed by the UIS and ANH in 2009[44]

References
  1. Galvis & Valencia, 2009, p.17
  2. Gómez et al., 2015
  3. Rojas & Sandy, 2019
  4. Cadena, Edwin-Alberto; Unwin, David M.; Martill, David M. (2020-10-01). "Lower Cretaceous pterosaurs from Colombia". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104526. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104526. ISSN 0195-6671.
  5. García González et al., 2009, p.27
  6. García González et al., 2009, p.50
  7. García González et al., 2009, p.85
  8. Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
  9. Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
  10. Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
  11. Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
  12. Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
  13. Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
  14. Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
  15. Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
  16. Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
  17. Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
  18. Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
  19. Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
  20. Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
  21. Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
  22. Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
  23. Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
  24. Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
  25. Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
  26. Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
  27. Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
  28. Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
  29. Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
  30. Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
  31. Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
  32. Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
  33. Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
  34. Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
  35. Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
  36. Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
  37. Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
  38. Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
  39. Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
  40. Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
  41. Duarte et al., 2019
  42. García González et al., 2009
  43. Pulido & Gómez, 2001
  44. García González et al., 2009, p.60

Bibliography

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