Sukma Games
The Sukma Games (Malay: Sukan Malaysia, lit.: Malaysian Games) is a biennial national multi-sport event involving young athletes from Malaysian 13 member states and the Federal territory. The games is regulated by the National Sports Council of Malaysia, the state sports council of the respective member states, the Olympic Council of Malaysia and the National Sports association of the games respective sporting event.[1][2][3]
Sukma Games logo | |
First event | 1986 Sukma Games in Kuala Lumpur |
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Occur every | two years |
Last event | 2018 Sukma Games in Perak |
Purpose | Multi-sport event for states in Malaysia |
Website | National Sports Council of Malaysia |
Sukma Games | |
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Games | |
History
The Sukma Games was conceptualised by the then Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports, Anwar Ibrahim in 1983. The proposed rationale was that a national games will help improve the sports quality, produces and encourages athletes to participate in sports at state level, improve officials performance, encourages the building of new venues and upgrading of existing sport venues at state level and cultivate national integration spirit among Malaysian community. At first, the inaugural games was proposed to be held from 15 August to 2 September 1985 and consist of 6 sports such as tennis, table tennis, cycling, athletics, sepak takraw and volleyball.[1] However, a new proposal to involve more sport was submitted by the public to the National Sports Council of Malaysia, which accept the proposal and made the decision to be held the games every two years begins 1986 onwards and alternate with the Southeast Asian Games.
The first Sukma Games were held in Kuala Lumpur from 19–26 April 1986 participated by more than 3849 athletes from 13 States of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory, The Malaysian Universities Sports Council (MASUM), Royal Malaysian Police and the Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM). The third edition was held in Sarawak in 1990, making it the first time the Sukma Games was held in the state and also the first time in East Malaysia.
At the 6th Sukma Games in Pahang in 1996, Brunei, Labuan and the Malaysian Schools Sports Council (MSSM) made their debut, while the Malaysian Armed Forces ceased to participate and the Northern Territory of Australia only participates at the 9th Sukma Games in Sabah in 2002. At the 10th Sukma Games in 2004 in Negeri Sembilan, both the Schools Sports Council and Universities Sports Council ceased to participate while at the 11th edition in Kedah in 2006, both Kuala Lumpur and Labuan team merged to form the Federal Territory team following the administration merger of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and the Putrajaya while the Police participates at the games for the last time.
A decision was made by the National Sports Council on 27 May 2010 to hold the games annually from 2011 onwards in an effort to develop and democratise all sports including optional sports in the country. The odd year games was held in Kuala Lumpur by the National Sports Council and involve only optional sports, while the even year games was held in member states of the country and involve only core sports. The odd year games was however abolished by the council in 2015, citing fully packed state sports agenda and high cost for state sport councils to fund a Sukma Games contingent every year.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
Participating teams
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Notes:
- ^ Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya participated as a combined Federal Territory contingent since 2006. Given Putrajaya's small area and population, the Putrajaya contingent was never formed throughout Sukma Games history.
- ^ No longer participated in the games (historical team)
- ^ Not from within Malaysia.
- ^ Malaysian Universities Sports Council (Malay: Majlis Sukan Universiti Malaysia, abbreviated as MASUM)
- ^ Malaysian Schools Sports Council (Malay: Majlis Sukan Sekolah-sekolah Malaysia, abbreviated as MSSM)
- ^ Royal Malaysian Police (Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia, abbreviated as PDRM)
- ^ Malaysian Armed Forces (Malay: Angkatan Tentera Malaysia, abbreviated as ATM)
Sports
The list below shows the sports that are played at all the Sukma Games since 1986.[13][14]
Core sports
Optional sports
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All-time medal table
Below shows the all time medal table of Sukma Games from 1986 to 2018. Defunct teams are highlighted in italics.
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor | 800 | 786 | 887 | 2473 |
2 | Sarawak | 711 | 649 | 705 | 2065 |
3 | Perak | 443 | 467 | 616 | 1526 |
4 | Terengganu | 438 | 446 | 573 | 1457 |
5 | Pahang | 416 | 391 | 439 | 1246 |
6 | Penang | 415 | 425 | 551 | 1391 |
7 | Johor | 353 | 373 | 506 | 1232 |
8 | Sabah | 310 | 367 | 488 | 1165 |
9 | Federal Territory | 303 | 316 | 387 | 1006 |
10 | Kuala Lumpur | 274 | 276 | 279 | 829 |
11 | Kedah | 273 | 252 | 367 | 892 |
12 | Negeri Sembilan | 241 | 242 | 346 | 829 |
13 | Malacca | 210 | 211 | 278 | 699 |
14 | Kelantan | 139 | 150 | 193 | 482 |
15 | Perlis | 67 | 71 | 153 | 291 |
16 | Police | 31 | 36 | 45 | 112 |
17 | Universities | 17 | 17 | 15 | 49 |
18 | Armed Forces | 12 | 27 | 39 | 78 |
19 | Brunei | 5 | 15 | 33 | 53 |
20 | Labuan | 2 | 2 | 10 | 14 |
21 | Schools | 2 | 2 | 9 | 13 |
22 | Northern Territory | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Totals (22 states) | 5463 | 5521 | 6920 | 17904 |
Medal table by edition
1986 Sukma Games
* Host nation (Kuala Lumpur)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kuala Lumpur* | 36 | 32 | 22 | 90 |
2 | Selangor | 23 | 14 | 14 | 51 |
3 | Sarawak | 13 | 8 | 14 | 35 |
4 | Perak | 10 | 15 | 17 | 42 |
5 | Penang | 9 | 20 | 21 | 50 |
6 | Sabah | 9 | 8 | 8 | 25 |
7 | Police | 9 | 4 | 7 | 20 |
8 | Johor | 6 | 5 | 6 | 17 |
9 | Kedah | 5 | 5 | 11 | 21 |
10 | Armed Forces | 2 | 8 | 11 | 21 |
11 | Malacca | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
12 | Terengganu | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
13 | Pahang | 1 | 4 | 6 | 11 |
14 | Negeri Sembilan | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
15 | Kelantan | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
16 | Perlis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
17 | Universities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Totals (17 states) | 127 | 127 | 152 | 406 |
1988 Sukma Games
* Host nation ( Kuala Lumpur)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor | 26 | 17 | 29 | 72 |
2 | Sarawak | 24 | 18 | 15 | 57 |
3 | Penang | 19 | 14 | 15 | 48 |
4 | Kuala Lumpur* | 12 | 12 | 22 | 46 |
5 | Negeri Sembilan | 10 | 6 | 5 | 21 |
6 | Johor | 9 | 3 | 9 | 21 |
7 | Kedah | 6 | 6 | 8 | 20 |
8 | Police | 6 | 3 | 5 | 14 |
9 | Malacca | 5 | 7 | 4 | 16 |
10 | Sabah | 4 | 12 | 8 | 24 |
11 | Universities | 4 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
12 | Perak | 3 | 20 | 21 | 44 |
13 | Terengganu | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
14 | Kelantan | 1 | 3 | 7 | 11 |
15 | Pahang | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
16 | Perlis | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 |
17 | Armed Forces | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Totals (17 states) | 133 | 129 | 171 | 433 |
1990 Sukma Games
* Host nation (Sarawak)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sarawak* | 44 | 17 | 18 | 79 |
2 | Kuala Lumpur | 19 | 20 | 18 | 57 |
3 | Penang | 17 | 22 | 24 | 63 |
4 | Perak | 12 | 16 | 22 | 50 |
5 | Selangor | 11 | 18 | 34 | 63 |
6 | Negeri Sembilan | 7 | 4 | 4 | 15 |
7 | Sabah | 5 | 4 | 10 | 19 |
8 | Malacca | 4 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
9 | Police | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
Terengganu | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 | |
11 | Kedah | 2 | 7 | 6 | 15 |
12 | Johor | 2 | 5 | 12 | 19 |
13 | Kelantan | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
14 | Perlis | 1 | 0 | 7 | 8 |
15 | Pahang | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
16 | Universities | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
17 | Armed Forces | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Totals (17 states) | 134 | 134 | 176 | 444 |
1992 Sukma Games
* Host nation (Johor)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
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1 | Sarawak | 36 | 27 | 26 | 89 |
2 | Johor* | 26 | 21 | 22 | 69 |
3 | Selangor | 23 | 25 | 41 | 89 |
4 | Penang | 22 | 28 | 22 | 72 |
5 | Kuala Lumpur | 22 | 23 | 32 | 77 |
6 | Perak | 18 | 10 | 21 | 49 |
7 | Sabah | 9 | 16 | 13 | 38 |
8 | Malacca | 7 | 6 | 12 | 25 |
9 | Kedah | 6 | 7 | 8 | 21 |
10 | Negeri Sembilan | 6 | 5 | 3 | 14 |
11 | Armed Forces | 5 | 5 | 18 | 28 |
12 | Pahang | 5 | 5 | 8 | 18 |
13 | Universities | 4 | 5 | 2 | 11 |
14 | Kelantan | 3 | 9 | 12 | 24 |
15 | Terengganu | 3 | 4 | 10 | 17 |
16 | Police | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
17 | Perlis | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Totals (17 states) | 199 | 197 | 255 | 651 |
1994 Sukma Games
* Host nation (Perak)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sarawak | 39 | 28 | 30 | 97 |
2 | Kuala Lumpur | 31 | 39 | 26 | 96 |
3 | Selangor | 28 | 41 | 33 | 102 |
4 | Perak* | 26 | 26 | 25 | 77 |
5 | Pahang | 21 | 16 | 20 | 57 |
6 | Sabah | 19 | 14 | 14 | 47 |
7 | Johor | 17 | 13 | 22 | 52 |
8 | Penang | 13 | 12 | 24 | 49 |
9 | Kedah | 8 | 5 | 20 | 33 |
10 | Kelantan | 6 | 6 | 10 | 22 |
11 | Armed Forces | 5 | 12 | 7 | 24 |
12 | Terengganu | 5 | 3 | 7 | 15 |
13 | Negeri Sembilan | 4 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
14 | Malacca | 4 | 1 | 10 | 15 |
15 | Police | 3 | 8 | 2 | 13 |
16 | Perlis | 1 | 0 | 8 | 9 |
17 | Universities | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Totals (17 states) | 230 | 228 | 263 | 721 |
1996 Sukma Games
* Host nation (Pahang*)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
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1 | Selangor | 57 | 43 | 44 | 144 |
2 | Sarawak | 56 | 49 | 52 | 157 |
3 | Pahang** | 37 | 42 | 44 | 123 |
4 | Kuala Lumpur | 34 | 27 | 32 | 93 |
5 | Perak | 22 | 25 | 28 | 75 |
6 | Sabah | 20 | 19 | 22 | 61 |
7 | Terengganu | 8 | 16 | 15 | 39 |
8 | Kelantan | 8 | 11 | 11 | 30 |
9 | Kedah | 8 | 6 | 18 | 32 |
10 | Negeri Sembilan | 6 | 4 | 10 | 20 |
11 | Penang | 5 | 10 | 10 | 25 |
12 | Malacca | 5 | 9 | 11 | 25 |
13 | Universities | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
14 | Johor | 2 | 7 | 17 | 26 |
15 | Perlis | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
16 | Police | 1 | 3 | 8 | 12 |
17 | Brunei | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
18 | Schools | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
19 | Labuan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Totals (19 states) | 277 | 274 | 328 | 879 |
1998 Sukma Games
* Host nation (Selangor)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor* | 80 | 61 | 41 | 182 |
2 | Sarawak | 46 | 45 | 41 | 132 |
3 | Perak | 25 | 25 | 37 | 87 |
4 | Kuala Lumpur | 23 | 25 | 26 | 74 |
5 | Pahang | 21 | 29 | 36 | 86 |
6 | Penang | 12 | 5 | 23 | 40 |
7 | Terengganu | 11 | 14 | 15 | 40 |
8 | Sabah | 11 | 10 | 12 | 33 |
9 | Kelantan | 11 | 9 | 10 | 30 |
10 | Kedah | 8 | 13 | 15 | 36 |
11 | Johor | 7 | 7 | 16 | 30 |
12 | Negeri Sembilan | 4 | 8 | 13 | 25 |
13 | Malacca | 4 | 8 | 11 | 23 |
14 | Perlis | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
15 | Labuan | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Schools | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
Totals (16 states) | 264 | 261 | 303 | 828 |
2000 Sukma Games
* Host state (Penang)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor | 53 | 56 | 54 | 163 |
2 | Sarawak | 49 | 55 | 56 | 160 |
3 | Perak | 46 | 37 | 40 | 123 |
4 | Penang* | 34 | 26 | 36 | 96 |
5 | Kuala Lumpur | 33 | 32 | 30 | 95 |
6 | Pahang | 27 | 26 | 35 | 88 |
7 | Johor | 20 | 17 | 31 | 68 |
8 | Kedah | 17 | 15 | 21 | 53 |
9 | Sabah | 12 | 11 | 18 | 41 |
10 | Negeri Sembilan | 12 | 10 | 13 | 35 |
11 | Kelantan | 8 | 12 | 15 | 35 |
12 | Malacca | 7 | 10 | 14 | 31 |
13 | Terengganu | 6 | 4 | 8 | 18 |
14 | Perlis | 4 | 5 | 5 | 14 |
15 | Universities | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
16 | Schools | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
17 | Brunei | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
Police | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
19 | Labuan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Totals (19 states) | 332 | 322 | 387 | 1041 |
Edition
All states of Malaysia have held their respective Sukma Games, except Kelantan.[16][17][18] The 2020 Sukma Games was postponed to 2021 due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Edition | Year | Host | Main Stadium | Start Date | End Date | Sports | Events | Contingents | Competitors | Champion | |
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I | 1986 | Kuala Lumpur | Merdeka Stadium, Kuala Lumpur | 19 April | 26 April | 17 | Kuala Lumpur (1) | ||||
II | 1988 | Kuala Lumpur | Stadium Negara, Kuala Lumpur | 12 November | 19 November | 17 | Selangor (1) | ||||
III | 1990 | Sarawak | Sarawak State Stadium, Kuching | 18 July | 27 July | 17 | Sarawak (1) | ||||
IV | 1992 | Johor | Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium, Johor Bahru | 1 July | 11 July | 17 | Sarawak (2) | ||||
V | 1994 | Perak | Perak Stadium, Ipoh | 9 June | 18 June | 17 | Sarawak (3) | ||||
VI | 1996 | Pahang | Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan | 1 June | 10 June | 19 | Selangor (2) | ||||
VII | 1998 | Selangor | Opening ceremony Shah Alam Stadium Closing ceremony Malawati Indoor Stadium | 17 April | 26 April | 16 | Selangor (3) | ||||
VIII | 2000 | Penang | Batu Kawan Stadium, Batu Kawan | 25 May | 4 June | 30 | 19 | 5875 | Selangor (4)[19] | ||
IX | 2002 | Sabah | Likas Stadium, Kota Kinabalu | 7 September | 14 September | 27 | 20 | 5324 | Selangor (5) | ||
X | 2004 | Negeri Sembilan | Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium, Seremban | 29 May | 6 June | 30 | 17 | 6000 | Selangor (6) | ||
XI | 2006 | Kedah | Darul Aman Stadium, Alor Star | 28 May | 4 June | 26 | 16 | 4882 | Selangor (7) | ||
XII | 2008 | Terengganu | Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium, Kuala Terengganu | 31 May | 9 June | 31 | 15 | 6000 | Terengganu (1) | ||
XIII | 2010 | Malacca | Hang Jebat Stadium, Paya Rumput | 10 June | 19 June | 33 | 15 | 7000 | Terengganu (2) | ||
XIV | 2011 | Federal Territory | KLFA Stadium, Kuala Lumpur | 2 June | 12 June | 24 | 14 | 3368 | Terengganu (3) | ||
XV | 2012 | Pahang | Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan | 9 July | 16 July | 24 | 15 | 5828 | Terengganu (4) | ||
XVI | 2013 | Federal Territory | Bukit Jalil National Stadium, Kuala Lumpur | 28 June | 7 July | 23 | 130 | 14 | 3618 | Selangor (8) | |
XVII | 2014 | Perlis | Tuanku Syed Putra Stadium, Kangar | 24 May | 4 June | 24 | 389 | 15 | 7815 | Federal Territory (2) | |
XVIII | 2016 | Sarawak | Sarawak Stadium, Kuching | 23 July | 31 July | 24 | 382 | 15 | 5670 | Selangor (9) | |
XIX | 2018 | Perak[20] | Perak Stadium, Ipoh | 11 September | 22 September | 29 | 427 | 15 | 7464 | Terengganu (5) | |
XX | 2020 | Johor[20] | Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium, Johor Bahru (expected) | Future event | |||||||
XXII | 2022 | Kelantan | Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium, Kota Bharu (expected) | Future event | |||||||
List of the Sukma Games' Sportsman and Sportswoman
Edition | Year | Sukma Games' Sportsman | Sukma Games' Sportswoman | ||||
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Name | Contingent | Sport | Name | Contingent | Sport | ||
I | 1986 | ||||||
II | 1988 | ||||||
III | 1990 | Gerard Liew | Penang | Swimming | Tania Hamid Bugo | Sarawak | Swimming |
IV | 1992 | Khoo Kah Hock | MASUM | Archery | Magdaline Goh | Penang | Swimming |
Azmi Ibrahim (Most Promising Sportsman) | Pahang | Athletics | Shalin Zulkifli (Most Promising Sportswoman) | Selangor | Bowling | ||
V | 1994 | Azmi Ibrahim | Pahang | Athletics | Yew Chai Peng | Perak | Athletics |
VI | 1996 | ||||||
VII | 1998 | Chai Song Lip | Sarawak | Athletics | Ho Hsu Ee | Kuala Lumpur | Swimming |
VIII | 2000 | Allen Ong | Perak | Swimming | Sia Wai Yen | Kuala Lumpur | Swimming |
IX | 2002 | Ng Shu Mun | Perak | Artistic gymnastics | Ngew Sin Mei | Kuala Lumpur | Athletics |
Petra Nabila Mustafa (Most Promising Sportswoman) | Negeri Sembilan | Athletics | |||||
X | 2004 | Daniel Bego | Sarawak | Swimming | Cindy Ong | Perak | Swimming |
XI | 2006 | Zulkifli Che Rose | Sarawak | Weightlifting | Lew Yih Wey | Negeri Sembilan | Swimming |
XII | 2008 | Foo Jian Beng | Selangor | Swimming | Marellyn Liew | Sarawak | Swimming |
XIII | 2010 | J. Karthik | Malacca | Athletics | Chan Kah Yan | Federal Territory | Swimming |
XIV | 2011 | Ahmad Shafie Abd Jabar | Johor | Canoeing | Jupha Somnet | Perlis | Cycling |
XV | 2012 | Abdul Mubin Rahim | Terengganu | Weightlifting | Frenceay Titus | Sabah | Weightlifting |
XVI | 2013 | Danniel Iskandar Richard | Selangor | Artistic gymnastics | Esmelda Arecia Menti Alfred Geling | Sarawak | Artistic gymnastics |
XVII | 2014 | Muhammad Irfan Shamshuddin | Negeri Sembilan | Athletics | Jelinie Empera | Sarawak | Weightlifting |
XVIII | 2016 | Khairul Hafiz Jantan | Malacca | Athletics | Nur Aqilah Yusof | Terengganu | Archery |
XIX | 2018 | Eugenius Lo Foh Soon | Sabah | Archery | Azreen Nabila Alias | Terengganu | Athletics |
Para Sukma Games
Para Sukma Games (Malay: Para Sukan Malaysia), is a Malaysian biannual national multi-sport event held after every Sukma Games involving disabled athletes from Malaysian 13 member states and federal territory.[23][24][25][26][27] The games was previously known as Malaysian Paralympiad (Malay: Paralimpiad Malaysia) and National Games of Malaysia For the Disabled (Malay: Sukan Kebangsaan Bagi Orang Cacat Anggota Malaysia) and was established in 1982.
Sopma Games
Sopma Games is a biannual event held for deaf athletes since 1985. It was previously known as Deaf Clubs Sports Championship (Malay: Kejohanan Sukan Antara Kelab Pekak, KSAKP) and National Deaf Games (Malay: Sukan Kebangsaan Orang Pekak, SKOP)[28]
See also
References
- "Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA)" (in Malay). National Sports Council of Malaysia. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
- "Sukma mungkin diadakan setiap tahun mulai 2011".
- "Sukma Games may be held anually, starting 2011".
- "Sukma 2011-an Effort 'Democratising' Sports In The Country". Bernama. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- "Sarawak in bottom three at Sukma XIV". The Borneo Post. 14 June 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- "Sports Bodies Can Hold Their Own (Competition) After Sukma Cancelled". The Star. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- "2015 Sukma Games Cancelled". Borneo Post.
- "14th Malaysian Games overall winner to be crowned tomorrow".
- "Sukma 2011 to feature only selective sports".
- "Only 24 sports for Sukma 2011".
- "Parlimen: Kos Persediaan Atlet Antara Punca Sukma 2015 Ditangguh - Khairy".
- "Contingent code". Archived from the original on 9 January 2007.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Magazine Sabah 2002". Archived from the original on 27 June 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- "Magazine Sabah 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original on 17 April 2008.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- Archived National Sports Council Sukma Games Medal Tally
- "Sukan Malaysia". Perak State Sport Council.
- "Sukan Malaysia". Sabah State Sport Council.
- "List of Champions of Sukma".
- "Mascot SUKMA". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
- "Perak, Johor tuan rumah Sukma 2018, 2020" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. 14 May 2015.
- "Sukma 1992 Closed" (PDF).
- "Sukma 1998 Closed" (PDF).
- "Malaysia Para Games Fan Page in Facebook". Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- "Perlis prepares to host the Paralympics". Sinar Harian. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- "Sukma XVII Perlis 2014 Official Portal". Archived from the original on 5 June 2014.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
- "Malaysia Para Games Fan Page Games Edition List".
- "Malaysia Paralympics Movement" (PDF).
- Sopma Games