Timeline of the Karluks

This is a timeline of the Karluks. The Kara-Khanid Khanate is also included, however it is disputed whether the Karluks or Yagmas were the dominant group within the khanate.

The map of Kara-Khanid Khanate as of 1006 AD when it reached its greatest extent

7th century

YearDateEvent
600Karluks migrate into Tokharistan[1]

8th century

YearDateEvent
742The Karluks, Basmyls, and Uyghurs revolt against the Second Turkic Khaganate and Kutluk Yabgu Khagan is killed[2]
745Hostilities between the Uyghurs and Karluks force the Karluks to migrate west into Zhetysu[2]
751Battle of Talas: Karluks switch sides from the Tang dynasty to the Abbasids, resulting in Tang defeat[2]
766Karluks annex the Turgesh in Zhetysu[3]
791Karluks attack Beshbalik but are defeated by Uyghurs[4]

9th century

YearDateEvent
821Uyghurs invade Karluk territory and steal considerable booty[4]
839Nuh ibn Asad of the Samanids attacks the Karluks and captures Sayram[5]
840Uyghur Khaganate falls and Bilge Kul Qadir Khan of the Karluks declares himself khagan of the Kara-Khanid Khanate[5]
893Isma'il ibn Ahmad of the Samanids attacks the Karluks and conquers Taraz[5]
Bilge Kul Qadir Khan dies and Bazir Arslan Khan succeeds him

10th century

YearDateEvent
920Bazir Arslan Khan dies and his brother Oghulcak Khan succeeds him
932The future Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converts to Islam
940Oghulcak Khan dies and Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan succeeds him
955Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan dies and Musa Bughra Khan succeeds him
958Musa Bughra Khan dies and Suleyman Arslan Khan succeeds him
970Suleyman Arslan Khan dies and Ali Arslan Khan succeeds him
976Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Ilaq[6]
980Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Kashgar[7]
990Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Sayram (city)[6]
991Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Fergana[8]
992Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Bukhara but immediately loses it again to the Samanids[9]
996Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Chach[9]
997Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Samarkand[9]
998Ali Arslan Khan dies and Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan succeeds him
999Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Bukhara[6]

11th century

YearDateEvent
1006Kara-Khanid Khanate conquers Khotan[10]
1008Kara-Khanid Khanate attacks the Ghaznavids but is defeated[10]
1017Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan dies and Mansur Arslan Khan succeeds him
Liao dynasty attacks the Kara-Khanid Khanate but is repulsed[11]
1024Mansur Arslan Khan dies and Muhammad Toghan Khan succeeds him
1020Ali-Tegin, brother of Yusuf Qadir Khan, seizes Bukhara and occupies Sogdia
1024Ali-Tegin is defeated Yusuf Qadir Khan but recaptures his former territories after his enemies retreat
1026Muhammad Toghan Khan dies and Yusuf Qadir Khan succeeds him
1032Battle of Dabusiyya: Altun Tash of the Ghaznavids attacks Ali-Tegin and the battle ends inconclusively
Yusuf Qadir Khan dies
1034Ali-Tegin dies and Ebu Shuca Sulayman succeeds him
1042The Kara-Khanid Khanate splits into eastern and western branches - Ebu Shuca Sulayman continues to control the Eastern Karakhanids while Muhammad Arslan Qara Khan controls the Western Karakhanids
1050Eastern Karakhanids conquer Kucha and Qiemo[10]
1052Muhammad Arslan Qara Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Böritigin succeeds him
1056Ebu Shuca Sulayman of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Muhammad bin Yusuph succeeds him
1057Muhammad bin Yusuph of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan succeeds him
1059İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Mahmud succeeds him
1068Böritigin of the Western Karakhanids dies and Nasr Shams al-Mulk succeeds him
1075İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Umar succeeds him, and Ebu Ali el-Hasan succeeds him
1080Nasr Shams al-Mulk of the Western Karakhanids dies and Khidr succeeds him
1081Khidr of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ahmad succeeds him
1089Seljuk Empire conquers Bukhara and Samarkand and vassalizes the Kara-Khanid Khanate
Ahmad of the Western Karakhanids is restored to power but is killed by the ulama and Ya'qub Qadir Khan succeeds him
1095Ya'qub Qadir Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Mas'ud succeeds him
1097Mas'ud of the Western Karakhanids dies and Sulayman Qadir Tamghach succeeds him, and Mahmud Arslan Khan succeeds him
1099Mahmud Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Jibrail Arslan Khan succeeds him

12th century

YearDateEvent
1102Jibrail Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Muhammad Arslan Khan succeeds him
Ebu Ali el-Hasan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Ahmad Khan succeeds him
1128Ahmad Khan of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and İbrahim bin Ahmad succeeds him
1129Muhammad Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Nasr succeeds him, and Ahmad Qadir Khan succeeds him
1130Ahmad Qadir Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Hasan Jalal ad-Dunya succeeds him
Seljuk Empire conquers Samarkand[12]
1132Hasan Jalal ad-Dunya of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Rukn ad-Dunya succeeds him, and Mahmud succeeds him
1133Qara Khitai conquers Balasagun[13]
1137Western Karakhanids are defeated by Qara Khitai at Khujand[13]
1141Battle of Qatwan: The Qara Khitai defeat the Seljuk Empire and vassalizes the Khwarazmian dynasty, the Kingdom of Qocho, and the Kara-Khanid Khanate[13]
Mahmud of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Tabghach Khan succeeds him
1156Ibrahim Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Mas'ud Tabghach Khan succeeds him
1158İbrahim bin Ahmad of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Muhammad bin İbrahim succeeds him
1160Western Kharakhanids conquer Balkh[14]
1171Mas'ud Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Muhammad Tabghach Khan succeeds him
1178Muhammad Tabghach Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Ibrahim Arslan Khan succeeds him

13th century

YearDateEvent
1204Qara Khitai and Karakhanid troops aid Khwarazmian dynasty in fighting the Ghurid dynasty[15]
Ibrahim Arslan Khan of the Western Karakhanids dies and Uthman Ulugh Sultan succeeds him
1205Yusuph bin Muhammad of the Eastern Karakhanids dies and Ebul Feth Muhammad succeeds him
1211Eastern Karakhanids are eliminated in a revolt in Kashgar
1212Muhammad II of Khwarezm annexes the Western Karakhanids[15]

References

  1. Bregel 2003, p. 16.
  2. Bregel 2003, p. 18.
  3. Asimov 1998, p. 33.
  4. Golden 1992, p. 198.
  5. Bregel 2003, p. 20.
  6. Bregel 2003, p. 22.
  7. Bregel 2003, p. 23.
  8. Davidovich 1998, p. 121.
  9. Davidovich 1998, p. 122.
  10. Bregel 2003, p. 26.
  11. Grousset 2004, p. 133.
  12. Davidovich 1998, p. 131.
  13. Bregel 2003, p. 30.
  14. Bregel 2003, p. 32.
  15. Bregel 2003, p. 34.

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