Timeline of Vietnam under Chinese rule

This is a timeline of Vietnamese history under Chinese rule from the 3rd century BC to 905.

See also: Timeline of early independent Vietnam

3rd century BC
YearDateEvent
257 BCThục Phán of the Âu Việt invades Văn Lang and creates Âu Lạc[1]
207 BCQin general Zhao Tuo captures the Cổ Loa Citadel and defeats Âu Lạc, creating the two administrative regions of Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) and Jiuzhen (Cửu Chân)[1]
203 BCZhao Tuo declares himself king of Nanyue (Nam Việt)[1]
Nanyue conquers Guilin

2nd century BC
YearDateEvent
198 BCTwo legates are assigned to oversee affairs in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen[2]
181 BCNanyue attacks Changsha[3]
179 BCZhao Tuo dies and is succeeded by Zhao Mo
122 BCZhao Mo dies and is succeeded by Zhao Xing
111 BCHan conquest of Nanyue: Han general Lu Bode conquers Nanyue and separates it into Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, Cangwu, Nanhai, Yulin, Hepu, Dan'er, and Zhuya.[4] Started the First Chinese domination of Vietnam.[5]

1st century BC
YearDateEvent
48 BCRinan is created (Nhật Nam)

1st century
YearDateEvent
2Census records for Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, and Rinan record 143,643 households and a population of 981,755[6]
40Trung sisters' rebellion: Yue tribes rebel in Jiaozhi[7]
42Trung sisters' rebellion: Ma Yuan leads an expedition to Jiaozhi[8]
43Trung sisters' rebellion: The Trưng Sisters are decapitated[7]

2nd century
YearDateEvent
100A rebellion in Jiaozhi is put down[9]
136People known as the Qulian from beyond the southern frontier attack Rinan Commandery, causing turmoil and confusion[10]
137Rinan rebels[9]
144Rinan rebels[9]
157Chu Đạt rebels in Jiuzhen Commandery and is defeated[11]
160Shi Ci becomes administrator of Rinan[9]
190Shi Ci's son Shi Xie appoints his brothers Shi Yi, Shi Wei, and Shi Wu as administrators of Hepu, Jiuzhen, and Nanhai[12]
192The southernmost district of Rinan Commandery, Xianglin, breaks away and becomes the Kingdom of Lâm Ấp, otherwise known as Champa[13]

3rd century
YearDateEvent
211Shi Xie submits to Sun Quan's overlordship[12]
217Shi Xie sends his son Shi Xin to Sun Quan as hostage[12]
226Shi Xie dies and Sun Quan's general Lü Dai kills his family;[12] Shi Xie, also called Sĩ Nhiếp in Vietnamese, is remembered today in Vietnam as the father of education and Buddhism - according to Stephen O'Harrow, he was essentially "the first Vietnamese"[14]
248Lâm Ấp (probably Champa) seizes Rinan while Lady Triệu rebels unsuccessfully against Sun Wu[14]

4th century
YearDateEvent
347Lâm Ấp invades Jiaozhi but is repulsed by the Jin dynasty (265–420)[15]
359Lâm Ấp is defeated[15]
377Li Xun seizes Jiuzhen[15]
380Teng Dunzhi becomes governor of Jiaozhi after Du Yuan kills Li Xun[15]
399Du Yuan becomes governor of Jiaozhi and defeats a Lâm Ấp invasion[15]

5th century
YearDateEvent
405Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[16]
410Du Yuan dies and is succeeded by Du Huidu[15]
411A rebel army under Lu Xun attempts to seize control over Jiaozhi but fails[17]
413Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[16]
415Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[16]
423Du Huidu dies and is succeeded by Du Hongwen[15]
424Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[16]
427Du Hongwen leaves Jiaozhi for the court after receiving an appointment[15]
443Tan Hezhi, governor of Jiaozhi, starts recruiting an army[18]
446Tan Hezhi invades Lâm Ấp and pushes them back to the area around modern Da Nang[18]
468Two brother Lý Trường Nhân and Lý Thúc Hiến rebel against the Liu Song dynasty, emperor Emperor Ming of Song de jure recognizes Lý Trường Nhân as Thứ sử (province governor, 刺史)[19]
485Lý Thúc Hiến surrenders to Qi Dynasty[20]

6th century
YearDateEvent
541Lý Bôn (503–548) rebels and attacks Liang officials[21]
544FebruaryLý Bôn establishes the Kingdom of Vạn Xuân and becomes Lý Nam Đế (Southern Emperor)[22]
545Chen Baxian drives Lý Nam Đế into the mountains, where he is eventually killed, but resistance continues under Lý Thiên Bảo[22]
550Triệu Việt Vương (524–571) expels Liang forces from Vạn Xuân
555Lý Thiên Bảo dies and is succeeded by Lý Bôn's cousin, Lý Phật Tử (518–603)
571Hậu Lý Nam Đế defeats Triệu Việt Vương
580Indian Buddhist monk Vinītaruci arrives Luy Lâu and develops Vietnamese Thiền
598Lý Phật Tử's government receive Buddhist sutras from Sui Dynasty

7th century
YearDateEvent
602Sui–Former Lý War: Sui forces under Liu Fang annex the kingdom of Vạn Xuân[23]
618Transition from Sui to Tang: Sui military leaders in Jiaozhou follow Xiao Xian fight against the new Tang Empire[24]
622Transition from Sui to Tang: Li Yuan and his forces defeat Xiao Xian, then arrive Tống Bình (Hanoi). Jiaozhou governor Khâu Hòa (552–637) surrenders to Tang dynasty. Jiaozhou is incorporated into Tang Empire[25]
679Jiaozhi is renamed Annan (An Nam)[26]
687Lý Tự Tiên and Đinh Kiến revolt at Đại La in response to a raise in harvest tax[27]
691I-ching's book Commentary about Monks of the Great Tang mentions 6 Vietnamese Buddhist monks who traveled to India

8th century
YearDateEvent
722Mai Thúc Loan rebels in Annan and is defeated[28]
757Annan is renamed Zhennan
760Zhennan reverts to Annan
767Srivijaya fleets invade Annan and are defeated[28]
785Phùng Hưng rebels in Annan[29]
791Tang regains control of Annan[29]

9th century
YearDateEvent
803Champa seizes southern Annan[30]
846Nanzhao raids Annan[30]
858Rebellion breaks out in Annan and is put down[31]
861Nanzhao attacks Bo Prefecture and Annan but is repulsed.[32]
863Nanzhao conquers Annan[33]
866Gao Pian retakes Annan from Nanzhao and establishes the Jinghai Army (Military Command)[33]
874Tang dynasty launches a campaign against aboriginal forces[34]
877Troops deployed from Annan rebel in Guangxi[34]
879Campaign against aboriginal forces ends[34]
880A Tang garrison at Đại La mutinies, forcing Zeng Gun to withdraw troops from the south and relinquish control over Annan; ending de facto Chinese control over Vietnam[35]

10th century
YearDateEvent
904Zhu Wen's brother Quanyu tries to enter Annan but is immediately dismissed the next year for being "stupid and without ability"[36]
906Khúc Thừa Dụ of the Khúc clan takes control of Annan and establishes tributary relations with Later Liang[35]

See also

Citations
  1. Taylor 2013, p. 14-16.
  2. Taylor 2013, p. 17.
  3. Twitchett 2008, p. 136.
  4. Twitchett 2008, p. 453.
  5. Chua 2018, p. 43.
  6. Taylor 2013, p. 18.
  7. Twitchett 2008, p. 271.
  8. Taylor 2013, p. 22.
  9. Taylor 2013, p. 27.
  10. Taylor 1983, p. 48.
  11. Taylor 1983, p. 50.
  12. Crespigny 2007, p. 739.
  13. Taylor 1983, p. 47.
  14. Taylor 2013, p. 29.
  15. Taylor 2013, p. 31.
  16. Taylor 2013, p. 32.
  17. Taylor 2013, p. 23.
  18. Taylor 2013, p. 33.
  19. Book of Qi, vol. 2, p. 6
  20. Book of Qi, vol. 58, p. 14
  21. Taylor 2013, p. 34.
  22. Taylor 2013, p. 35.
  23. Taylor 2013.
  24. Old Book of Tang, vol. 59
  25. New Book of Tang, vol. 90
  26. Xiong 2009, p. 44.
  27. Taylor 2013, p. 38.
  28. Taylor 2013, p. 39.
  29. Taylor 2013, p. 40.
  30. Taylor 2013, p. 41.
  31. Taylor 2013, p. 42.
  32. Herman 2007, p. 36.
  33. Xiong 2009, p. cxiv.
  34. Kiernan 2019, p. 124.
  35. Taylor 2013, p. 44.
  36. Taylor 1983, p. 204.

Bibliography
  • Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
  • Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190053796.
  • Taylor, Jay (1983), The Birth of the Vietnamese, University of California Press
  • Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
  • Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1, Cambridge University Press
  • Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 978-0810860537
  • Chua, Amy (2018), Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations, Penguin Press, ISBN 978-0399562853
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