Zaqqum

According to the Quran, Zaqqoum or Zaqqum (Arabic: زقوم‎) is a tree that "springs out of the bottom of Hell ". It is mentioned in verses 17:60 (as the "cursed tree"),[1] 37:62-68,[2] 44:43,[3] and 56:52,[4] of the Quran.[5]

Religious references

The Qur'an says:

[44.43] Surely the tree of the Zaqqum,
[44.44] Is the food of the sinful
[44.45] Like dregs of oil; it shall boil in (their) bellies,
[44.46] Like the boiling of hot water.[6]

The fruits of Zaqqum are shaped like devils' heads (Qur'an 37:62-68). Some Islamic scholars believe in a literal meaning of this tree grown in fire, showing the inverted flora of hell. The inhabitants of hell are forced to eat the tree's fruits, which tears their bodies apart and releases bodily fluids as a punishment. According to Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar, a leading Salafi scholar and professor at the University of Jordan, once the palate of the sinners is satiated, the fruit in their bellies churns like burning oil. Other scholars suggest the tree is grown by the seeds of the evil deeds of the sinners, therefore the devilish fruits are the fruits of their bad actions during lifetime; as Ibn Arabi stated, the tree stands for the arrogant self.[7][8]

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Botany

The name zaqqum has been applied to the species Euphorbia abyssinica by the Beja people in eastern Sudan.[9] In Jordan, it is applied to the species Balanites aegyptiaca.[10] In Turkey, zakkum is the vernacular for Nerium oleander; and zıkkım, a Turkish cognate, means "poison". [11][12]

See also

References
  1. Quran 17:60
  2. Quran 37:62-68
  3. Quran 44:43
  4. Quran 56:52
  5. Farooqi, M.I.H. "Zaqqum in light of the Quran". Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  6. Quran 44:43 Translation of M. H. Shakir.
  7. Sarah R. bin Tyeer The Qur’an and the Aesthetics of Premodern Arabic Prose Springer 2016 ISBN 978-1-137-59875-2 page 82
  8. Muhittin Akgul The Qu'ran in 99 Questions Tughra Books 2008 ISBN 978-1-597-84640-0
  9. Trees in the Koran and the Bible, L. J. Musselman, Unasylva: an international journal of forestry and forest industries, #213: Perceptions of forests (54, #2, 2003).
  10. The Waters That Heal, Kirk Albrecht and Bill Lyons, Saudi Aramco World, March/April 1995, pp. 34–39.
  11. "zakkum". Nişanyan Sözlük. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  12. "zıkkım". Nişanyan Sözlük. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
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