List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran
List of people and names, mentioned in the Quran. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship). This list makes use of ISO 233 for the Romanization of Arabic words.[1]
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Supernatural
Angels
Malāʾikah (مَلَائِكَة, Angels):
- Angels of Hell
- Bearers of the Throne
- Harut and Marut[3]
- Kirāman Kātibīn (Arabic: كِرَامًا كَاتِبِيْن, Honourable Scribes)[6]
- Atid
- Raqib
- Munkar and Nakir, who question the dead
Archangels
Animals
Related
- The baqarah[3] (cow) of Israelites
- The dhiʾb[22] (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph[23]
- The fīl[24] (elephant) of the Abyssinians)
- Ḥimār (Arabic: حِمَار, domesticated donkey)[lower-alpha 2]
- The hud-hud (hoopoe) of Solomon (27:20–28)[13]
- The kalb (Arabic: كَلْب, dog) of the sleepers of the cave (18:18–22)[15]
- The namlah (female ant) of Solomon (27:18–19)[13]
- The nāqat[26][27][8][28][29][30] (she-camel) of Saleh
- The nūn (Arabic: نُوْن,[31] fish or whale) of Jonah
Prophets
Prophets (Arabic: أَنۢبِيَاء, anbiyāʾ) [lower-alpha 3] were of two types:
- Messengers (رُسُل, rusul) [lower-alpha 4]
- Prophets who were not Messengers of God [35]
Mentioned
- Adam, the first human [3] (25 times)
- Elisha (al-yasa) [36] 38:48,[36] 6:85-87 [37]
- Job (ayyūb) [lower-alpha 5]
- David (dāwūd) [3]
- Ezekiel (dhūl-kifl) (2 times)
- Aaron (hārūn) (24 times)
- Eber? (hūd) (25 times)
- Enoch? (idrīs) [39][38]
- Elijah (ilyās) [40][41]
- Joachim (ʿimrān) (3:33, 3:35, 66:12)
- Isaac (isḥāq) (17 times)
- Ishmael (ismāʿīl) [3] (12 times)
- Lūṭ [38][8] (Lot) (27 times)
- Ṣāliḥ[lower-alpha 6] (9 times)
- Shuʿayb (Jethro, Reuel or Hobab?) (10 times)
- Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (Solomon son of David) (17 times)
- ʿUzair (Ezra?)
- Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā [42] (John the Baptist the son of Zechariah) (5 times)
- Ya‘qūb (Jacob) (16 times)
- Isrāʾīl (Israel)
- Yūnus [43] (Jonah)
- Dhūn-Nūn ("He of the Fish (or Whale)" or "Owner of the Fish (or Whale)")[lower-alpha 7]
- Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt (Arabic: صَاحِب ٱلْحُوْت, "Companion of the Whale")
- Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb [22] (Joseph son of Jacob) (27 times)
- Zakariyyā [42] (Zechariah) (7 times)
ʾUlu al-ʿAzm
"Those of the Perseverance and Strong Will" (Arabic: أُولُو ٱلْعَزْم, romanized: ʾUlu al-ʿAzm)[lower-alpha 8] in reverse chronological order:
- Muhammad (Arabic: مُحَمَّد خَاتَم ٱلْأَنْبِیَاء) [lower-alpha 9] (Muhammad is mentioned four times)
- ʿĪsā ibn Maryam (Arabic: عِيسَىٰ ٱبْن مَرْيَم) [note 1][42] (Jesus)[51][52]
- Al-Masīḥ [42] (The Messiah)[note 2]
- Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary) [note 3][42][34]
- Child / Pure boy (9 times) [note 4]
- Guidance [note 5] possibly 22 times)[53]
- Messenger / Prophet (5 times) [note 6]
- other terms and titles (14 times)
- Sign (4 times) [note 7]
- The Gift (1 time) [note 8]
- Mercy from Us (1 time) [note 9]
- Servant (1 time) [note 10]
- Blessed (1 time) [note 11]
- (1 time)[note 12]
- Amazing thing / Thing unheard of (1 time) [note 13]
- Example (1 time) [note 14]
- Straight Path / Right Way (1 time) [note 15]
- Witness (1 time) [note 16]
- His Name (1 time) [note 17]
- 3rd person "He / Him / Thee" (48 times) [note 18][54]
- 1st person "I / Me" (35 times) [note 19][51][54]
- Mūsā Kalīm Allāh (Arabic: مُوْسَىٰ كَلِيمُ ٱللَّٰه Moses He who spoke to God) [44][55] (136 times)
- Ibrāhīm Khalīl Allāh (Arabic: إِبْرَاهِيم خَلِيل ٱللَّٰه, Abraham Friend of God) [3][42][38][35] (69 times)
- Nūḥ (Arabic: نُوح, Noah) [44] (43)
Implicitly mentioned
- Irmiyā (Arabic: إِرْمِيَا, Jeremiah)
- Ṣamūʾīl (Arabic: صَمُوْئِيْل,[3] Samuel)
- Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn (Arabic: يُوْشَع ابْن نُوْن, Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)
Contemporaries, relatives or followers of Prophets
Aʿdāʾ (Arabic: أَعْدَاء, Enemies or foes), aṣḥāb (Arabic: أَصْحَاب, companions or friends), qurbā (Arabic: قُرْبَى, kin), or followers[lower-alpha 10] of Prophets:
Good ones
- Adam's immediate relatives[lower-alpha 11]
- Believer of Ya-Sin[58]
- Family of Noah
- Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos[59]
- People of Aaron and Moses[43][60]
- Egyptians
- Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
- Imraʾat Firʿawn (Arabic: امْرَأَت فِرْعَوْن, Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim (Arabic: آسِيَا بِنْت مُزَاحِم) or Wife of Pharaoh, who adopted Moses)
- Magicians of the Pharaoh
- Wise, pious man[15]
- Moses' wife
- Moses' sister-in-law
- Mother
- Sister
- Egyptians
- People of Abraham
- Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
- Ishmael's mother
- Isaac's mother
- People of Jesus
- Disciples (including Peter)
- Mary's mother
- Zechariah's wife
- People of Joseph[22]
- People of Solomon[13]
- Zayd, Muhammad's adopted son[33]
Evil ones
- Āzar[37][68] (possibly Terah)[69]
- Father of Abraham[lower-alpha 12]
- Firʿawn[42][71] (Pharaoh of Moses' time) (74 times)
- Hāmān[lower-alpha 13]
- Jālūt[3] (Goliath)
- Qārūn (Korah, cousin of Moses)[lower-alpha 14]
- As-Sāmirī (20:85, 20:87, 20:95)
- Abī Lahab[72][73]
- Slayers of Saleh's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)[26][27][8][28][29][30]
Implicitly or non-specifically mentioned
- ʿImrān (Amram the father Moses)[74]
- Abraha
- Bal'am or Balaam
- Barṣīṣā
- Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
- Luqman's son
- Nebuchadnezzar II
- Nimrod
- Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
- Shaddad
Groups
Mentioned
- Aṣḥāb al-Jannah (Arabic: أَصْحَاب ٱلْجَنَّة)
- People of Paradise
- People of the Burnt Garden
- Aṣḥāb as-Sabt (Arabic: أَصْحَاب ٱلسَّبْت,[75] Companions of the Sabbath)
- Christian apostles
- Ḥawāriyyūn (Arabic: حَوَارِيُّوْن, Disciples of Jesus)
- Companions of Noah's Ark
- Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (Arabic: أَصْحَاب ٱلْكَهْف وَٱلرَّقِيْم, Companions of the Cave and Al-Raqaim? (18:9–22)[15]
- Companions of the Elephant[24]
- People of al-Ukhdūd
- People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin[58]
- People of Yathrib[33] or Medina[70][76]
- Qawm Lūṭ (Arabic: قَوْم لُوْط, Folk of Lot, the people of Sodom and Gomorrah)[8]
- Nation of Noah
Tribes, ethnicities or families
- Aʿrāb (Arabic: أَعْرَاب,[33][50] Arabs or Bedouins)
- ʿAjam
- Ar-Rūm (literally "The Romans")
- Banī Isrāʾīl (Children of Israel)
- Muʾtafikāt (The overthrown cities of Sodom and Gomorrah) (9:70 and 69:9)
- People of Ibrahim (Arabic: قَوْم إِبْرَاهِيْم)
- People of Ilyas
- People of Nuh (Arabic: قَوْم نُوْح)
- People of Shuaib
- Ahl Madyan Arabic: أَهْل مَدْيَن, People of Madyan)
- Aṣ-ḥāb al-Aykah ("Companions of the Wood")[14][80][8][36]
- Qawm Yūnus (People of Jonah)[43]
- Ahl al-Bayt ("People of the Household")
- People of Fir'aun (Arabic: قوم فِرعَون)
- Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
- Aṣ-ḥāb Muḥammad (Arabic: أَصْحَاب مُحَمَّد, Companions of Muhammad)
- People of Mecca
- Children of Ayyub
- Sons of Adam
- Wife of Nuh
- Wife of Lut
- Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj (Gog and Magog)
- Son of Nuh
Implicitly mentioned
- Amalek
- Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)
- Banu Nadir
- Banu Qaynuqa
- Banu Qurayza
- Iranian people
- Umayyad Dynasty
- Aus & Khazraj
- People of Quba
- Abyssinian people
Religious groups
- Ahl al-Dhimmah
- Kāfirūn (Arabic: كَافِرُوْن, Disbelievers)
- Majūs (Arabic: مَجُوْس, Zoroastrians)
- Munāfiqūn (Arabic: مُنَافِقُوْن, Hypocrites)
- Muslims[lower-alpha 15]
- Believers[lower-alpha 16]
- Righteous ones[lower-alpha 17]
- Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book)
- Polytheists[lower-alpha 18]
- Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
- Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot[38][82]
Locations
Mentioned
- Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah[83] ("The Holy Land")
- In the Arabian Peninsula[33][50] (excluding Madyan):
- Al-Aḥqāf[46] ("The Sandy Plains," or "the Wind-curved Sand-hills")
- Iram dhāt al-ʿImād[28] (Iram of the Pillars)
- Al-Madīnah[70][76] (Yathrib[33]
- ʿArafāt[48]
- Al-Ḥijr[26][27][8][28][29][30][80] )Hegra)
- Badr[42] (Full moon?)
- Ḥunayn[70]
- Makkah[50] (Mecca)
- Al-Balad al-Amīn (Arabic: ٱلبَلَد الْأَمِيْن,[84] the secure land)
- Bakkah (3:96)[42]
- Ḥaraman Āminan (Arabic: حَرَمًا آمِنًا, "Sanctuary (which is) Secure") (28:57;[60] 29:67)[32]
- Kaʿbah[3][42][83][35][79] (Kaaba)
- Maqām Ibrāhīm (Station of Abraham) (2:125)[3] (3:98)[42]
- Safa and Marwah (2:158)[3]
- Umm al-Qurā (Arabic: أًمّ ٱلْقُرَى,[85][45] "Mother of the Townships")
- Sabaʾ (Sheba)[86][87]
- ʿArim Sabaʾ (Arabic: عَرِم سَبَأ, Dam of Sheba)[78]
- Rass
- Al-Aḥqāf[46] ("The Sandy Plains," or "the Wind-curved Sand-hills")
- Al-Jannah[3] (Paradise, literally "The Garden")
- Jahannam (Hell)
- In Mesopotamia:
- Door of Hittah
- Madyan (Midian)
- Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn (Arabic: مَجْمَع ٱلْبَحْرَيْن)
- Miṣr[lower-alpha 19] (Mainland Egypt)
- Salsabīl[92] (A river in Paradise)
- Sinai Region or Tīh Desert
- Al-Wād Al-Muqaddasi Ṭuwan (Arabic: ٱلْوَاد ٱلْمُقَـدَّس طُوًى,[55][71] The Holy Valley of Tuwa)[93][94]
- Al-Wādil-Ayman (Arabic: ٱلْوَادِ ٱلْأَیْمَن,[60] The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai)
- Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah (Arabic: ٱلْبُقْعَة ٱلْمُبَارَكَة, "The Blessed Place")[60]
- Al-Wādil-Ayman (Arabic: ٱلْوَادِ ٱلْأَیْمَن,[60] The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai)
- Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor[60]
- Al-Wād Al-Muqaddasi Ṭuwan (Arabic: ٱلْوَاد ٱلْمُقَـدَّس طُوًى,[55][71] The Holy Valley of Tuwa)[93][94]
Religious locations
- Bayʿa (Church)
- Miḥrāb
- Monastery
- Masjid (Mosque, literally "Place of Prostration")
- Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām[3] ("The Sacred Grove")[95][96][97][98]
- Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (Al-Aqsa Mosque, literally "The Farthest Place-of-Prostration")[44]
- Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque of Mecca)
- Masjid Al-Dirar
- A Mosque in the area of Medina,[70] possibly:
- Masjid Qubāʾ (Quba Mosque)
- The Prophet's Mosque
- Salat (Synagogue)
Implicitly mentioned
- Antioch
- Arabia[33][50]
- Ayla
- Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
- Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
- Bilād ar-Rāfidayn[3][88][43] (Mesopotamia)[90][91]
- Canaan
- Cave of the Sleeperss
- Dār an-Nadwa
- Jordan River
- Nile River
- Palestine River
- Paradise of Shaddad
Plant matter
Ajwa (عجوة) is a soft dry variety of date fruit from Saudi Arabia
- Baṣal (Arabic: بَصَل, Onion) (2:61)[3]
- Fūm (Arabic: فُوْم, Garlic]] or wheat) (2:61)[3]
- Shaṭʾ (Arabic: شَطْئ, Shoot) (48:29)[50]
- Sūq (Arabic: سُوْق, Plant stem) (48:29)[50]
- Zarʿ (Arabic: زَرْع, Seed)[lower-alpha 20]
Fruits
Ajwa (عجوة) is a soft dry variety of date fruit from Saudi Arabia
Fawākih (Arabic: فَوَاكِه)[lower-alpha 21] or Thamarāt (Arabic: ثَمَرَات):[100][lower-alpha 22]
- ʿAnib (Arabic: عَنِب, Grape) (17:91)[44][lower-alpha 23]
- Ḥabb dhul-ʿaṣf (Arabic: حَبّ ذُو ٱلْعَصْف,[20] Corn of the husk)
- Qith-thāʾ (Arabic: قِثَّاء, Cucumber) (2:61)[3]
- Rummān (Arabic: رُمَّان,[20] Pomegranate)
- Tīn (Arabic: تِيْن,[84] Fig)
- Ukul khamṭ (Arabic: أُكُل خَمْط,[78] Bitter fruit or food of Sheba)
- Zaytūn (Arabic: زَيْتُوْن,[84] Olive)
- In Paradise[19]
Plants
Shajar (Arabic: شَجَر,[20] Bushes, trees or plants):[lower-alpha 24]
- ʿAdas (Arabic: عَدَس, Lentil) (2:61)[3]
- Baql (Arabic: بَقْل, Herb) (2:61)[3]
- Plants of Sheba[78]
- Līnah (Arabic: لِيْنَة, Tender Palm tree)[101]
- Nakhl (Arabic: نَخْل,[20] Date palm)
- Rayḥān (Arabic: رَيْحَان,[20] Scented plant)
- Sidrat al-Muntahā (Arabic: سِدْرَة ٱلْمُنْتَهَى)[102]
- Zaqqūm (Arabic: زَقُّوْم, A tree in Hell)
Holy books
- Al-Injīl (The Gospel of Jesus)[50]
- Al-Qurʾān (The Book of Muhammad)
- Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
- At-Tawrāt (The Torah, literally "The Law")[50]
- Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā (Scroll(s) of Moses)
- Tablets of Stone
- Az-Zabūr (The Psalms of David)[44]
- Umm al-Kitāb ([42][100][4] "Mother of the Book(s)")
Objects of people or beings
- Heavenly Food of Christian Apostles
- Noah's Ark
- Staff of Moses
- Staff of Solomon
- Tābūt as-Sakīnah (Arabic: تَابُوْت ٱلسَّكِيْنَة,[3] Casket of Shekhinah)
- Throne of the Queen of Sheba
- Trumpet of Israfil[10][11][12]
Mentioned idols (cult images)
Of Israelites
- Baʿal
- The ʿijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites
Celestial bodies
Maṣābīḥ (Arabic: مَصَابِيْح,[104][105] literally 'lamps'):
- Al-Qamar (Arabic: ٱلْقَمَر,[22][28] The Moon)
- Kawākib (Arabic: كَوَاكِب,[106][107] Planets)[lower-alpha 25]
- Al-Arḍ (Arabic: ٱلْأَرْض,[3] The Earth)
- Nujūm (Arabic: نُجُوْم,[22] Stars)[lower-alpha 26]
Liquids
Events, incidents, occasions or times
- Incident of Ifk
- Laylat al-Qadr[109] (Night of the Power or Decree)
- Mubahalah
- Sayl al-ʿArim (Flood of the Great Dam of Ma'rib in Sheba)[78]
- The Farewell Pilgrimage (Hujjal-Wadaʿ)
- Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
Battles or military expeditions
Days
Months of the Islamic calendar
12 months:
- Four holy months (2:189–217; 9:1–36)[lower-alpha 28]
- Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām (Arabic: ٱلشَّهْر ٱلْحَرَام, The Sacred or Forbidden Month) (2:194–217;[3] 5:97)[83]
- Ramaḍān (Arabic: رَمَضَان) (2:183–187)[3]
Pilgrimages
Times for Prayer or Remembrance
Times for Duʿāʾ ('Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'),[111][112] Takbīr and Tasbīḥ):
- Al-ʿAshiyy (Arabic: ٱلْعَشِيّ, The Afternoon or the Night) (30:17–18)[113]
- Al-Ghuduww (Arabic: ٱلْغُدُوّ, lit. 'The Mornings') (7:205–206)[26]
- Al-Layl (Arabic: ٱللَّيْل, lit. 'The Night') (17:78–81;[44] 50:39–40)[14]
- Aẓ-Ẓuhr (Arabic: ٱلظُّهْر, lit. 'The Noon') (30:17–18)[113]
- Aẓ-Ẓahīrah (Arabic: ٱلظَّهِيْرَة) (24:58)[114]
- Dulūk ash-Shams (Arabic: دُلُوْك ٱلشَّمْس, lit. 'Decline of the Sun') (17:78–81)[44]
- Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams (Arabic: قَبْل طُلُوْع ٱلشَّمْس, lit. 'Before the rising of the Sun') (50:39–40)[14]
Implied
Others
- Bayt (Arabic: بًيْت, Home or House)
- Al-Bayt al-Maʿmūr (Arabic: ٱلْبَيْت ٱلْمَعْمُوْر)
- Ḥunafāʾ (Arabic: حُنَفَاء)
- Ṭāhā (Arabic: طـٰهٰ)
- Ṭayyibah (Arabic: طَيِّبَة)
- Zīnah (Arabic: زِيْنَة), Adornment, beauty, beautiful thing or splendour)
See also
Notelist
- 44:54;[18] 52:20;[19] 55:72;[20] 56:22.[16]
- Plural: ḥumur (Arabic: حُمُر).[25]
- Pronounced "Ambiyāʾ," due to Nūn (ن) preceding Ba (ب). It is also written as Nabiyyīn (نَبِيِّيْن)[33] and Nabiyyūn (نَبِيُّوْن).
- Singular: Nabiyy نَبِيّ
- Also Mursalīn (مُرْسَلِيْن) or Mursalūn (مُرْسَلُوْن).
- Singular: Mursal (مُرْسَل) or Rasūl (رَسُوْل).[34]
- 4:163;[31] 6:84;[37] 21:83;[38] 38:41.[36]
- 7:73 – 79;[26] 11:61 – 68;[27] 26:141 – 158;[8] 54:23 – 31;[28] 89:6 – 13;[29] 91:11 – 15.[30]
- 4:163;[31] 6:86;[37] 10:98;[43] 37:139.
- 2:253;[3] 17:55;[44] 33:7;[33] 42:13;[45] 46:35.[46]
- 3:144;[42] 33:09;[33] 47:02;[47] 48:22.[48]
- Tabiʿīn (Arabic: تَابِعِيْن) or Tabiʿūn (Arabic: تَابِعُوْن).
- Treating all humans as his relatives.
- 9:114;[70] 43:26;[4] 19:41 – 42.[39]
- 28:6 – 38;[60] 29:39; 40:24 – 36.
- 28:76 – 79;[60] 29:39; 40:24.
- Forms:
- Masculine: Muslimīn (Arabic: مُسْلِمِيْن) or Muslimūn (Arabic: مُسْلِمُوْن),
- Feminine: Muslimāt (Arabic: مُسْلِمَات),
- Singular: masculine: Muslim (Arabic: مُسْلِم), feminine: Muslimah (Arabic: مُسْلِمَة).
- Forms:
- Masculine: Muʾminīn (Arabic: مُؤْمِنِيْن) or Muʾminūn (Arabic: مُؤْمِنُوْن),
- Feminine: Muʾmināt (Arabic: مُؤْمِنَات),
- Singular: masculine: Mu’min (Arabic: مُؤْمِن), feminine: Muʾminah (Arabic: مُؤْمِنَة).
- Forms:
- Masculine: Ṣāliḥīn (Arabic: صَالِحِيْن) or Ṣāliḥūn (Arabic: صَالِحُوْن),
- Feminine: Ṣāliḥāt (Arabic: صَالِحَات),
- Singular: masculine: Ṣāliḥ (Arabic: صَالِح), feminine: Ṣāliḥah (Arabic: صَالِحَة).
- Forms:
- Masculine: Mushrikīn (Arabic: مُشْرِكِيْن) or Mushrikūn (Arabic: مُشْرِكُوْن), literally "Those who associate",
- Feminine: Mushrikāt (Arabic: مُشْرِكَات), literally "Females who associate",
- Singular: masculine: Mushrik (Arabic: مُشْرِك), literally "He who associates," feminine: Mushrikah (Arabic: مُشْرِكَة), literally "She who associates".
- 2:61;[3] 10:87;[43] 12:21 – 99;[22] 43:51.[4]
- Plural: Zurrā‘ (Arabic: زَرَّاع (48:29))[50]
- Singular: fākihah (Arabic: فَاكِهَة).[19][20]
- Singular: thamarah (Arabic: ثَمَرَة).
- Plural Aʿnāb (Arabic: أَعْنَاب): 2:266.[3]
- Singular: shajarah (Arabic: شَجَرَة).[3]
- Singular: Kawkab (Arabic: كَوْكَب.[22]
- Singular: Najm (Arabic: ٱلنَّجْم).[102]
- 2:249;[3] 18:33;[15] 54:54.[28]
- Forms:
- Al-Āṣāl (Arabic: ٱلْأٓصَال, lit. 'the Afternoons') (7:205–206).[26]
References
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- Quran 2:7–286
- Quran 43:1–77
- Quran 96:9–19
- Quran 82:10–12
- Quran 66:4 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
- Quran 26:141–195
- Quran 16:68–69
- Quran 39:65–75
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- Quran 44:1–54
- Quran 52:1–24
- Quran 55:5–72
- Asad, M. (2003). "(Surah) 56 Al-Waqiah, Ayah 38". The Message of The Qur'an. Note 15.
- Quran 12:4–102
- al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (Translated by William Brinner) (1987). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 2: Prophets and Patriarchs. SUNY. p. 150.
- Quran 105:1–5
- Quran 74:41–51
- Quran 7:2–206
- Quran 11:61–68
- Quran 54:1–54
- Quran 89:6–13
- Quran 91:11–15
- Quran 4:163 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
- Quran 29:41–67
- Quran 33:09–73
- Quran 61:6 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
- Quran 22:25–52
- Quran 38:13–48
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- Guthrie, A.; Bishop, E. F. F. (October 1951), The Paraclete, Almunhamanna and Ahmad, XLI, Muslim World, pp. 254–255
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Ibn al-'Arabi uses no less than twenty-two different terms to describe the various aspects under which this single Logos may be viewed.
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- Bruijn (2013). "Yūsuf and Zulayk̲h̲ā". Encyclopedia of Islam; Second Edition: 1.
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- Ibn Hisham note 97. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad p. 707. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2013-05-21). The Qur'an and Its Interpreters: Volume 2: Surah 3. Islamic Book Trust. p. 93. ISBN 978-967-5062-91-9.
- Quran 4:47 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
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- Brannon M. Wheeler (2002). Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-8264-4956-6.
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- Jacobsen, Thorkild. "Mesopotamian religion". Encyclopædia Britannica.
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- Quran 6:92 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
- "Saba / Sa'abia / Sheba". The History Files (http://www.historyfiles.co.uk). Retrieved 2008-06-27.
The kingdom of Saba is known to have existed in the region of Yemen. By 1000 BC caravan trains of camels journeyed from Oman in south-east Arabia to the Mediterranean. As the camel drivers passed through the deserts of Yemen, experts believe that many of them would have called in at Ma'rib. Dating from at least 1050 BC, and now barren and dry, Ma'rib was then a lush oasis teeming with palm trees and exotic plants. Ideally placed, it was situated on the trade routes and with a unique dam of vast proportions. It was also one of only two main sources of frankincense (the other being East Africa), so Saba had a virtual monopoly. Ma'rib's wealth accumulated to such an extent that the city became a byword for riches beyond belief throughout the Arab world. Its people, the Sabeans - a group whose name bears the same etymological root as Saba - lived in South Arabia between the tenth and sixth centuries BC. Their main temple - Mahram Bilqis, or temple of the moon god (situated about three miles (5 km) from the capital city of Ma'rib) - was so famous that it remained sacred even after the collapse of the Sabean civilisation in the sixth century BC - caused by the rerouting of the spice trail. By that point the dam, now in a poor state of repair, was finally breached. The irrigation system was lost, the people abandoned the site within a year or so, and the temple fell into disrepair and was eventually covered by sand. Saba was known by the Hebrews as Sheba [Note that the collapse of the dam was actually in 575 CE, as shown in the timeline in the same article in the History Files, and attested by MacCulloch (2009)].
- Robert D. Burrowes (2010). Historical Dictionary of Yemen. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 234–319. ISBN 978-0810855281.
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With thousands of Hajjis, most of them in motor vehicles, rushing headlong for Muzdalifah, the potential is there for one of ... There is special grace for praying at the roofless mosque in Muzdalifah called al-Mash'ar al-Haram (the Sacred Grove) ...
- Danarto (1989). A Javanese pilgrim in Mecca. p. 27. ISBN 978-0867469394.
It was still dark when we arrived at Muzdalifah, four miles away. The Koran instructs us to spend the night at al-Mash'ar al-Haram. the Sacred Grove at Muzdalifah, as one of the conditions for the hajj . We scrambled out of the bus and looked ...
- Jones, Lindsay (2005). Encyclopedia of religion. 10. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 7159. ISBN 978-0028657431.
The Qur'an admonishes: "When you hurry from Arafat, remember God at the Sacred Grove (al-mash' ar al-haram)," that is, at Muzdalifah (2:198). Today a mosque marks the place in Muzdalifah where pilgrims gather to perform the special saldt ...
- Ziauddin Sardar; M. A. Zaki Badawi (1978). Hajj Studies. King Abdul Aziz University. Jeddah: Croom Helm for Hajj Research Centre. p. 32. ISBN 978-0856646812.
Muzdalifah is an open plain sheltered by parched hills with sparse growth of thorn bushes. The pilgrims spend a night under the open sky of the roofless Mosque, the Sacred Grove, Al Mush'ar al-Haram. On the morning of the tenth, all depart ...
- "Mecca: Islam's cosmopolitan heart".
The Hijaz is the largest, most populated, and most culturally and religiously diverse region of Saudi Arabia, in large part because it was the traditional host area of all the pilgrims to Mecca, many of whom settled and intermarried there.
- Quran 13:3–39
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Grouped
- 2:87, 2:136, 2:253, 3:45, 3:52, 3:55, 3:59, 3:84, 4:157, 4:163, 4:171, 5:46, 5:78, 5:110, 5:112, 5:114, 5:116, 6:85, 19:34, 33:7, 42:13, 43:63, 57:27, 61:6, 61:14
- 3:45, 4:171, 4:172, 5:17, 5:72(2), 5:75, 9:30, 9:31
- 2:87, 2:253, 3:45, 4:157, 4:171, 5:17, 5:46, 5:72, 5:75, 5:78, 5:110, 5:112, 5:114, 5:116, 9:31, 19:34, 23:50, 33:7, 43:57, 57:27, 61:6, 61:14
- 19:19, 19:20, 19:21, 19:29, 19:35, 19:88, 19:91, 19:92, 21:91
- 3:39, 3:45, 3:48, 4:171, 5:46, 5:110
- 3:49, 4:157, 4:171, 19:30, 61:6
- 19:21, 21:91, 23:50, 43:61
- 19:19
- 19:21
- 19:30
- 19:31
- 19:34
- 19:27
- 43:57
- 43:61
- 4:159
- 3:45
- 2:87, 2:253, 3:46(2), 3:48, 3:52, 3:55(4), 4:157(3), 4.159(3), 5:110(11), 5:46(3), 5:75(2), 19:21, 19:22(2), 19:27(2), 19:29, 23:50, 43:58(2), 43:59(3), 43:63, 57:27(2), 61:6.
- 3:49(6), 3:50, 3:52, 5:116(3), 5:72, 5:116(3), 19:19, 19:30(3), 19:31(4), 19:32(2), 19:33(4), 19:33, 43:61, 43:63(2), 61:6(2), 61:14.