Étienne Clavière

Étienne Clavière (29 January 1735 – 8 December 1793) was a Genevan-born French financier and politician of the French Revolution.[1]

Étienne Clavière (Album du Centenaire)
For the Italian commune, see Claviere.

Geneva and London

A native of Geneva, Clavière became one of the democratic leaders of the Geneva Revolution of 1782. After its failure, he went into exile, becoming a financier in Paris in 1784.[2]

Clavière associated with personalities from Neuchâtel and Geneva, among them Jean-Paul Marat and Étienne Dumont. Their plans for a new Geneva in Ireland—which the government of William Pitt the Younger favoured—were given up when Jacques Necker came to power in France, and Clavière, with most of his comrades, settled in Paris.[3] In 1787 he visited the Dutch Republic, together with Brissot, where the patriots were losing influence and territory.

French Revolution

In 1789, he and Dumont allied themselves with Honoré Mirabeau, secretly collaborating for him on the Courrier de Provence and also preparing speeches for Mirabeau to deliver—this association with Clavière sustained Mirabeau's reputation as a financier.[3] He was one of the founding members of the Abolitionism in France Society of the Friends of the Blacks and of the Jacobin Club.[4]

Clavière also published some pamphlets under his own name, and through these and his friendship with Jacques Pierre Brissot, whom he had met in London, he was Minister of Finance in the Girondist ministry, from March to 12 June 1792[3] (as a suppleant member of the Legislative Assembly for Seine, and supported Brissot).[5]

After 10 August (the storming of the Tuileries Palace) he was again given charge of the finances in the provisional executive council, but could not offer a remedy to France's difficulties, concerning the assignats. Clavière shared in the fall of the Girondists, being arrested on 2 June 1793, but was not placed on trial with the rest in October. (He was disliked by the Sans-culottes and Robespierre as he disapproved the insurrection of 31 May - 2 June 1793.) He remained in prison until 8 December, when, on receiving notice that he was to appear on the next day before the Revolutionary Tribunal, he committed suicide.[3]

References
  1. Clavière, Etienne, in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  2. Blanchard, Pascal; Lemaire, Sandrine; Bancel, Nicolas; Thomas, Dominic (2013). Colonial Culture in France since the Revolution. Indiana University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780253010537.
  3.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Clavière, Étienne". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 469.
  4. Richard Whatmore et James Livesey, « Étienne Clavière, Jacques-Pierre Brissot et les fondations intellectuelles de la politique des girondins », Annales historiques de la Révolution française [En ligne], 321 | juillet-septembre 2000, mis en ligne le 21 février 2006, consulté le 03 octobre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/175 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.175
  5. Richard Whatmore et James Livesey, « Étienne Clavière, Jacques-Pierre Brissot et les fondations intellectuelles de la politique des girondins », Annales historiques de la Révolution française [En ligne], 321 | juillet-septembre 2000, mis en ligne le 21 février 2006, consulté le 03 octobre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/175 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.175

Further reading
  • Jean Marc Rivier, Étienne Clavière (1735–1793): un révolutionnaire, ami des Noirs (Panormitis, 2006) (in French)
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