1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a disubstituted cyclic α-amino acid in which a three-membered cyclopropane ring is fused to the Cα atom of the amino acid.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
Names
Other names
1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations ACC
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.108.227
KEGG
UNII
Properties
C4H7NO2
Molar mass 101.1 c
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

ACC plays an important role in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene.[2][3] It is synthesized by the enzyme ACC synthase ( EC 4.4.1.14) from methionine and converted to ethylene by ACC oxidase (EC 1.14.17.4).[4]

ACC also exhibits ethylene-independent signaling that plays a critical role in pollination and seed production by activating proteins similar to those involved in nervous system responses in humans and animals. More specifically, ACC signaling promotes secretion of the pollen tube chemoattractant LURE1.2 in ovular sporophytic tissue thus enhancing pollen tube attraction. Additionally, ACC activates Ca2+-containing ion currents via glutamate receptor-like (GLR) channels in root protoplasts.[5]

ACC can be used by soil microorganisms (both bacteria and fungi) as a source of nitrogen and carbon.[6] As such, using ACC to incubate soils has been proven to induce the gene abundance encoding ACC-deaminases, which may have positive consequences on plant growth and stress tolerance.[7][8]

ACC is also an exogenous partial agonist of the mammalian NMDA receptor.[9]

In 2019, the United States Environmental Protection Agency issued notice of an application for an experimental use permit to be issued for use of ACC as a pesticide.[10]

References
  1. Caspi R, Foerster H, Fulcher CA, Hopkinson R, Ingraham J, Kaipa P, Krummenacker M, Paley S, Pick J, Rhee SY, Tissier C, Zhang P, Karp PD (2006). "MetaCyc: a multiorganism database of metabolic pathways and enzymes". Nucleic Acids Res. 34 (Database issue): D511–6. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj128. PMC 1347490. PMID 16381923.
  2. Yang S, Hoffman N (1984). "Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35: 155–189. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.35.060184.001103.
  3. Kende H (1993). "Ethylene biosynthesis". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 44: 283–307. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.44.060193.001435.
  4. Kende H (1989). "Enzymes of Ethylene Biosynthesis". Plant Physiol. 91 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1104/pp.91.1.1. PMC 1061940. PMID 16666977.
  5. Muo, Wangshu; Kao, Yun-Ting; Michard, Erwan; Simon, Alexander A; Li, Dongdong; Wudick, Michael M; Lizzio, Michael A; Feijó, José A.; Chang, Karen (2020). "Ethylene-independent signaling by the ethylene precursor ACC in Arabidopsis ovular pollen tube attraction". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4082. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4082M. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17819-9. PMC 7429864. PMID 32796832.
  6. Schenk, Peer M.; Singh, Brajesh; Dennis, Paul G.; Crawford, Mark; Yan, Lijuan; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Carvalhais, Lilia C.; Khan, Muhammad Yahya; Liu, Hongwei (2019-05-03). "Soil amendments with ethylene precursor alleviate negative impacts of salinity on soil microbial properties and productivity". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 6892. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6892L. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43305-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6499801. PMID 31053834.
  7. Schenk, Peer M.; Singh, Brajesh; Dennis, Paul G.; Crawford, Mark; Yan, Lijuan; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Carvalhais, Lilia C.; Khan, Muhammad Yahya; Liu, Hongwei (2019-05-03). "Soil amendments with ethylene precursor alleviate negative impacts of salinity on soil microbial properties and productivity". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 6892. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6892L. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43305-4. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6499801. PMID 31053834.
  8. Farahat, Mohamed G; Mahmoud, Mohamed K; Youseif, Sameh H; Saleh, Saleh A; Kamel, Zeinat (2020). "Alleviation of salinity stress in wheat by ACC deaminase-producing Bacillus aryabhattai EWR29 with multifarious plant growth-promoting attributes". Plant Archives. 20 (1): 417–429.
  9. Inanobe A, Furukawa H, Gouaux E (2005). "Mechanism of partial agonist action at the NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors". Neuron. 47 (1): 71–84. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.022. PMID 15996549. S2CID 16033761.
  10. "Pesticide Experimental Use Permit; Receipt of Application; Comment Request" (PDF). Federal Register. 84 (152): 38624. August 7, 2019 – via www.govinfo.gov.


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