2020 in North Africa

The following lists events that happened during 2020 in North Africa. The countries listed are those described in the United Nations geoscheme for Africa:  Algeria,  Egypt,  Libya,  Morocco,  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic,  Sudan,  Tunisia, and  Western Sahara

Countries and territories

Algeria

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria won its independence from France in 1962. It is a member of the African Union (AU), the Arab League, OPEC, and the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU). The capital of Algeria is Algiers.[1]

Egypt

Modern Egypt gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy in 1922. In 1952, Egypt ended British occupation, nationalized the Suez Canal, exiled King Farouk, and declared itself a republic. Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic from 1958 to 1961. Egypt is a member the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the Arab League, the African Union, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) The capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt is Cairo.[3]

Libya

The Kingdom of Libya lasted from 1951 to September 1, 1969, when Muammar Gaddafi overthrew King Idris and established the "Libyan Arab Republic," becoming the "Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" in 1977 and the "Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" in 1986. Gaddafi himself was killed during the Libyan Civil War of 2011. Libya is a member of the NAM, the Arab League, the OIC, and the OPEC. The capital of the State of Libya is Tripoli.[5]

Morocco

The Alaouite dynasty began its rule in 1631 but in 1912 Morocco was divided between French and Spanish protectorates. The Kingdom of Morocco regained its independence in 1956. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), and the AU. Rabat is the capital city.[7]

Western Sahara

When Spain gave up Spanish Sahara in 1976, Morocco, Mauritania, and Polisario Front fought for control of the territory. Mauritania gave up its claims in 1979.[9] Today the government of Morocco claims sovereignty and controls 3/4 of the territory of Western Sahara, which it calls its Southern Provinces[10][lower-alpha 1] The United Nations proposed a referendum on the area's future; Morocco agreed to autonomy in 2007 but no referendum. The largest city is Laayoune.[9]

Territorial and border disputes with Spain

The Kingdom of Spain controls two cities on the Mediterranean coast of Africa. Western Sahara was a Spanish colony until 1973, but Morocco disputes the claims.[12]

Canary Islands

The island of Fuerteventura is located only 50 nautical miles (93 km) west the coast of Western Sahara in the Atlantic Ocean, leading to a conflict over offshore mineral rights.[13]

Spanish enclaves and exclaves

Ceuta became an autonomous city of Spain on March 14, 1995. It is a free port at the Mediterranean entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar.[14]

Melilla is also a free port that has been an autonomous city of Spain since 1995. It is located in eastern Morocco on the Mediterranean coast.[16]

Morocco also claims the Spanish territories of Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera and the Plazas de soberanía along its northern coast.

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) controls about 14 of the territory of Western Sahara and is recognized by about 40 countries. It is a member of the African Union.[11] The SADR claims El Aaiún as its capital, but as that is controlled by Morocco, Tifariti in the Liberated Territories east of the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall is the de facto capital.[18]

Sudan

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was established in 1899, granting Sudan independence on January 1, 1956. Mostly Christian South Sudan broke off from the Muslim Republic of the Sudan in 2011. President Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in April 2019 and by August 20, 2019 the Sovereignty Council of Sudan was established. The 2022 Sudanese general election is scheduled to complete the transition to democracy by November 2022. Khartoum is the capital.[19]

Tunisia

Tunisia threw off its French yoke on March 20, 1956, and the Republic of Tunisia was declared the following year. The Tunisian Revolution of December 2010-January 2011 set off the Arab Spring and led to the democratization of Tunisia. The capital and largest city is Tunis.[21]

Monthly events

January

February

March

  • March 2 – Independence Day, Morocco (1956 from France)[8]
  • March 8 – International Women's Day
  • March 12 – At least 18 African countries, including Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia report cases of the novel coronavirus. Most are in single figures, but five deaths have been reported in North Africa.[43]
  • March 20 – Independence Day, Tunisia (1956 from France)[22]
  • March 22 – Isra and Mi'raj, Islamic "Night Journey"

April

  • April 3
    • Humanitarian groups call upon the government of Morocco to give African migrants the same cash aid it gives to citizens.[44]
    • Sudan and the United States finalize the settlement of the 2000 USS Cole bombing. The announcement maintained Sudan's position that it was not responsible for the attack on the ship or any other "terrorist" act.[45]
  • April 9 – Martyrs' Day, Sudan
  • April 13 – 14,000 cases of COVID-19 and 788 deaths have been reported across Africa. Cases by country: Algeria – 1,914, Egypt – 2,065, Libya – 25, Morocco – 1,661, Sudan – 19, Tunisia – 707[46]
  • April 22 – Sudan reports 13 deaths and 140 confirmed cases of COVID-19, but there are fears that the actual number is much higher as people only go to the hospital when they are very sick. The government has increased its health budget by 200%, but $120 million to fight the new virus and $150 million to cover medicines until June is still needed. Importing equipment and medicine is difficult as suppliers prioritize their own countries.[47]
  • April 23 to 23 May 23 – Ramadan[48]
  • April 25 – Sinai Liberation Day, Egypt
  • April 28 – Libyan General Khalifa Haftar is accused of carrying out a coup d'état as he puts the eastern part of the country under direct military rule.[49]
  • April 29 – Representatives from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) visit Sudan to rally support and recruit fighters for Libya's Khalifa Haftar.[50]
  • April 30

May

  • May 1
  • May 4 – Seventy-eight migrants from Libya are stuck at sea as no European port will accept them.[54]
  • May 6 – Fighting between Arabs and non-Arabs in South Darfur, Sudan, leaves thirty dead and a dozen wounded.[55]
  • May 8 – A Moroccan man is arrested in Spain for allegedly planning a pro-Islamic State terrorist attack in Barcelona.[56]
  • May 12 – Sudan pushes Ethiopia to resume discussion related to the $4.6 billion Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Nile River that officials say will start filling in July.[57]
  • May 13 – In the third incident of armed violence this month, 24 people, including paratroopers are killed in Kaduqli, Sudan.[58]
  • May 14 – Algeria summons Morocco's ambassador to Algiers in protest when the Moroccan consul in Oran purportedly referred to Algeria as an "enemy country."[59]
  • May 19 – Laylat al-Qadr, Islamic "Night of Decree"
  • May 23
    • Egyptian security forces report killing 21 militants in two raids in the northern Sinai Peninsula; two Egyptian soldiers are wounded.[60]
    • COVID-19 pandemic: Sudan announces the formation of a special police force to prevent attacks on health workers. The country has reported at least 63 deaths from COVID-19 among around 3,380 confirmed cases of the coronavirus. There have been two dozen attacks on health workers over the past two months.[61]
  • May 24 – Eid al-Fitr, end of Ramadan
  • May 26 – The U.S. says Russia has sent fighter jets to Tripoli to support the mercenaries trying to topple the government. Russia says this is ″disinformation.″[62]
  • May 27 – Five British men and one woman are accused of being among 30 mercenaries fighting for Libyan rebel Khalifa Haftar on behalf of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) based company called Opus.[63]
  • May 30 – Day of the Canary Islands

June

  • June 2 – Sudan appoints Maj. Gen. Yassin Ibrahim Yassin as its new Defense Minister.[64]
  • June 3
  • June 9 – Sudanese militia leader Ali Kushayb, is arrested and charged with 50 crimes against humanity and war crimes in the War in Darfur.[68]
  • June 11 – Tunisia lifts COVID-19 shutdown.[69]
  • June 17 to 20 – Egyptian hackers engage in cyberattacks against Ethiopia's security forces.[70][71]
  • June 26 – Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia agree to delay filling the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD).[72]
  • June 27 – Egypt executes Libyan militant Abdel-Rahim al-Mosmari, convicted of plotting an attack that killed at least 16 police officers in October 2017.[73]
  • June 30 – 30 June Day, Egypt

July

  • July 5 – Independence Day, Algeria (from France in 1962)[2]
  • July 6 – Mohamed Amashah, 24, an Egyptian-American student, is released from Tora prison in Cairo after 16 months of captivity.[74]
  • July 11 – Sudan institutes reforms allowing non-Muslims to drink alcohol in private and outlawing Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).[75]
  • July 13 – Sudanese security forces violently break up a protest camp in North Darfur, killing at least protester and wounding a dozen others, including four children, activists.[76]
  • July 20 – The Parliament of Egypt authorizes sending troops to Libya.[77]
  • July 23 – Revolution Day, Egypt[4]
  • July 24 – Mass graves likely tied to a 1990 coup attempt against former President Omar al-Bashir in Sudan are discovered.[78]
  • July 25 – Republic Day, Sudan
  • July 30
    • Muharram, Islamic New Year
    • Throne Day (accession of King Mohammed VI to the throne in Morocco)[8]
  • July 31 – Eid al-Adha, Islamic "Festival of the Sacrifice"

August

  • August 11 – Sudan bans the exportation of peanuts.[79]
  • August 12 – France steps up its military presence in the eastern Mediterranean.[80]
  • August 14 – Oued Ed-Dahab Day, Western Sahara
  • August 17 – Forty-five migrants, including children, die when the boat carrying them explodes near Zuwarah, Libya. Thirty-seven people survive.[81]
  • August 24 – General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan defends the upcoming visit of U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, who is expected to remove Sudan from the state sponsors of terrorism.[82]
  • August 25 – Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia meets Sudanese Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok of Sudan and General Abdelfatah al Burhan in Khartoum to discuss the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and border issues.[83]
  • August 31 – The transitional government of Sudan and the Sudan Revolutionary Front initial a peace agreement in South Sudan.[84]
  • August – 2020 Sudan floods[85][86]

September

  • September 2 – Ceuta Day
  • September 6 – The Red Cross says that 332 migrants rescued by Salvamento Marítimo have to stay in tents on the docks in Arguineguín, Grand Canary Island.[87]
  • September 15 – The Canary Islands report the arrival of 1,277 immigrants in two weeks, the highest figure since 2008.[88]
  • September 16 – Martyrs' Day, Libya
  • September 17
    • Melilla Day
    • Filmmaker Hajooj Kuka is among the five Sudanaese artists convicted on charges of public disturbance and violating public safety measures in Khartoum in a demonstration against dictator Omar al-Bashir in 2019. Six others are awaiting similar charges.[89]

October

  • October 3 – The government of Sudan and ten rebel groups sign a peace agreement, ending 17 years of war.[90]
  • October 12 – Fiesta Nacional de España, Spain and dependencies
  • October 15 – Evacuation Day, Sudan
  • October 23 – Liberation Day, Libya (2011)[6]
  • October 30 – Milad un Nabi, The Prophet's birthday

November

  • November 1 – Revolution Day, Algeria (1954)[2]
  • November 3 – Milad un Nabi, The Prophet's birthday (Shia)
  • November 6 – Green March, Western Sahara, Morocco
  • November 8 – 2020 Egyptian parliamentary election
  • November 15 – A 30-year cease-fire between Morocco and Polisario Front forces is broken as the government tries to open a road in the Guerguerat buffer zone near the border with Mauritania.[91]
  • November 18 – Independence Day, Morocco

December

  • December 11 – Morocco normalizes relations with Israel and in return U.S. President Trump acknowledges Morocco's sovereignty over the Western Sahara.[92]
  • December 15 – Sudan says that "Ethiopian forces and militias" ambushed Sudanese army forces near Jabal Abutiour, Sudan. Sudane Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok visited Ethiopia briefly on December 13 to discuss the security situation.[93]
  • December 16 – Couscous is added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.[94]
  • December 19 – Revolution Day, Sudan
  • December 24 – Independence Day, Libya
  • December 25 – Christmas Day, Western Christian holiday
  • December 27 – Egyptian diplomats and intelligence operatives arrive in Tripoli to discuss security concerns.[95]

The Arts

Sports

November 2019 to December 2020

Deaths

January to March

April to June

July to September

October to December

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. Morocco's rule over the Western Sahara is not officially recognized by any country, but Morocco has the support of the Arab League.[11]
  2. In August 2019, the ruling military council and civilian opposition alliance signed a power-sharing deal as the "Sovereignty Council," chaired by General Abd-al-Fatah al-Burhan and consisting of six civilians and five generals; the Council is currently led by the military but the intention is to transition to civilian leadership in May 2021 when elections can be held; Burhan serves as both chief of state and head of government.[20]
  3. On 21 August 21, 2019, the Forces for Freedom and Change, the civilian opposition alliance, named Abdallah Handouk as prime minister of Sudan for the transitional period.[20]

Citations

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  51. "Sudan criminalises FGM, makes it punishable by 3 years in prison". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.
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  79. Ketz, Sammy. "Peanut traders baffled by Sudan export ban on key cash crop". news.yahoo.com. AFP. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
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  81. "Children among 45 dead in 2020's worst Mediterranean boat tragedy". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  82. "El Ejército sudanés se defiende en vísperas de la visita de Pompeo". www.msn.com (in Spanish). August 24, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
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  86. "Sudan floods: Nile water level threatens ancient pyramids". news.yahoo.com. BBC. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  87. "332 inmigrantes tendrán que dormir en el puerto de Arguineguín (Gran Canaria)". www.msn.com. EFE. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
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  89. MAGDY, SAMY (September 20, 2020). "Verdict against young artists in Sudan stirs controversy". news.yahoo.com. AP. Retrieved Sep 20, 2020.
  90. "El gobierno y las facciones rebeldes ratifican la paz en Sudán". msn.com. DW. October 3, 2020. Retrieved Oct 3, 2020.
  91. Brennan, David (November 15, 2020). "Fighting in Morocco May Present Biden with Fresh Africa Crisis Amid COVID Surge". msn.com. Newsweek. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
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  97. Tunisia: Some 1200 Participants in Djerba Half-Marathon allAfrica, 9 Feb 2020
  98. L'ex ministre des affaires étrangères Mohamed Salah Dembri n'est plus ! Archived 2020-01-02 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
  99. "Décès de l'ancien ministre Abderrazak Rassaa". businessnews.com (in French). Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  100. توفي بالعناية المركزة.. من هو "إبراهيم فرح" بطل "الخواجة عبدالقادر"؟ (in Arabic)
  101. The death of Egyptian actress Nadia Rafik
  102. "Hédi Baccouche n'est plus". realites.com (in French). 21 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  103. "Disparition de Lina Ben Mheni". espacemanager.com (in French). Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  104. عاجل..العلامة الكبير محمد بن الأمين بوخبزة في ذمة الله (in Arabic)
  105. Egyptian playwright Lenin El-Ramly dies aged 75
  106. بعد صراع مع المرض.. وفاة الفنان السودانى عبد العزيز المبارك داخل مستشفى بالقاهرة (in Arabic)
  107. Tunisia-Former national handball coach Saïd Amara passes away
  108. الفنان الأمازيغي "بوتفوناست" يرحل إلى دار البقاء (in Arabic)
  109. Former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak dies
  110. وفاة المفكر الإسلامي محمد عمارة.. وهذه وصيته (in Arabic)
  111. Egypt executes top militant extradited from Libya
  112. Adieu Alain Marcel (in French)
  113. "Sudan defence minister dies of heart attack at Juba peace talks". Middle East Eye. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  114. Dernière minute: Décès de Hamed Karoui à 92 ans (in French)
  115. Egyptian comedy icon George Sidhom dies at 81
  116. Mort de Pierre Bénichou, ancien dirigeant de « L'Obs » et chroniqueur des « Grosses Têtes » (in French)
  117. وفاة الدكتور محمود حمدي زقزوق وزير الأوقاف الأسبق عن 87 عامًا (in Arabic)
  118. Décès de la grande artiste tunisienne Leila Menchari (in French)
  119. Former Libyan PM Mahmoud Jibril has died from complications related to coronavirus
  120. Bishop Clément-Joseph Hannouche
  121. Former Libyan Interim Prime Minister Keib Dies Aged 70 - Reports
  122. Filmmaker who mocked Egyptian president 2 years ago has died in prison: lawyers
  123. آدم حنين .. حفيد الفنانين الفراعنة "البار" (in Arabic)
  124. Tourcoing : le peintre Mahjoub Ben Bella est mort (in French)
  125. وفاة ماجدة قنديل المدير السابق للمركز المصري للدراسات الاقتصادية (in Arabic)
  126. SLIMANI, KARIMA. "Former Prime Minister Belaïd Abdessalam passes away". www.aps.dz. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  127. Décès de Mohamed Gueddiche (in French)
  128. Sudan's former PM Sadiq al-Mahdi dies of coronavirus in UAE: sources
  129. Mort de Mgr Henri Teissier, une vie au service de l’Algérie (in French)
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