88 (number)

88 (eighty-eight) is the natural number following 87 and preceding 89.

← 87 88 89 →
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Cardinaleighty-eight
Ordinal88th
(eighty-eighth)
Factorization23 × 11
Divisors1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 22, 44, 88
Greek numeralΠΗ´
Roman numeralLXXXVIII
Binary10110002
Ternary100213
Octal1308
Duodecimal7412
Hexadecimal5816

In mathematics

88 is:

88 and 945 are the smallest coprime abundant number.

In science

Cultural significance

In Chinese culture
Further information: Chinese numerology

Number 88 symbolizes fortune and good luck in Chinese culture, since the word 8 sounds similar to the word fā (發, which implies 發財, or wealth, in Mandarin or Cantonese). The number 8 is considered to be the luckiest number in Chinese culture, and prices in Chinese supermarkets often contain many 8s. The shape of the Chinese character for 8 (八) implies that a person will have a great, wide future as the character starts narrow and gets wider toward the bottom. The Chinese government has been auctioning auto license plates containing many 8s for tens of thousands of dollars. The 2008 Beijing Olympics opened at 8 p.m., 8 August 2008.[6]

In addition, 88 is also used to mean "bye bye (拜拜)" in Chinese-language chats, text messages, SMSs and IMs, because its pronunciation in Mandarin is similar to "bye bye".[7]

In amateur radio

In amateur radio, 88 is used as shorthand for "love and kisses" when signing a message or ending an exchange. It is used in spoken word (radiotelephony), Morse code (radiotelegraphy), and in various digital modes. It is considered rather more intimate than "73", which means "best regards"; therefore 73 is more often used. The two may be used together. Sometimes either expression is pluralized by appending an -s.[8] These number codes originate with the 92 Code adopted by Western Union in 1859.

In white nationalism and supremacism
Nazi graffiti with the number 88

Neo-Nazis use the number 88 as an abbreviation for the Nazi salute Heil Hitler.[9] The letter H is eighth in the alphabet, whereby 88 becomes HH.[10]

Often, this number is associated with the number 14, e.g. 14/88, 14-88, or 1488; this number symbolizes the Fourteen Words coined by David Lane, a prominent white supremacist.[11] Example uses of 88 include the song "88 Rock 'n' Roll Band" by Landser, and the organizations Column 88 and Unit 88. The American Nazi Party uses 88 as part of a radio sign-off.

In sports

In other fields

Eighty-eight (88) is also:

  • a popular ice cream bar manufactured by GB Glace
  • the number of keys on a typical piano (36 black and 52 white); a piano is sometimes called an "eighty eight"
  • 88 Keys, character in the 1990 Dick Tracy film
  • The digits indicated when all the segments of two seven-segment displays are illuminated
  • Eighty Eight, a live album by the Christian rock band the 77s
  • in the titles of songs:
Olds 88
  • the model number of the Oldsmobile 88 automobile and the AGM-88 HARM missile
  • the QBU-88 (or Type 88) Chinese sniper rifle
  • the number of the French department of Vosges
  • the designation of two freeways named Interstate 88, one in Illinois and another in New York
  • in Japanese, often used to mean "a great many" or "countless" or infinite numbers.
  • in Chinese SMS or chat, short for "bye bye", from the Mandarin pronunciation "ba1 ba1" (8 - 8)
  • in hip hop, where "88" stands for "HH", short for "hip hop"
  • in Kill Bill, the name of O-Ren Ishii's Army, the Crazy 88
  • the ISBN Group Identifier for books published in Italy and Switzerland
  • in the Back to the Future film trilogy, 88 is the speed (in miles per hour) that the DeLorean automobile must attain in order to travel in time.
  • in the TV series Black Books (Series 2, Episode 2: "Fever"), the temperature (presumably in Fahrenheit) above which Manny's case of Dave's Syndrome will trigger, supposedly a parody of the similar use of the number 88 in the Back to the Future trilogy
  • "the number of the Anti-Terrorist" in the documents submitted to NBC by Seung-Hui Cho prior to the Virginia Tech massacre on 16 April 2007 [12]
  • the number of an anti-terrorist police squad, called "Detachment 88", set up by the Indonesian government following the 2002 Bali bombings which killed 202 people, including 88 Australians
  • Tanner '88, Garry Trudeau's HBO series on the fictional campaign of Congressman Jack Tanner in his bid for the White House
  • 88 Minutes, a 2008 film starring Al Pacino
  • 88, a 2015 Canadian thriller film
  • 88rising, hip hop and rap collective and record label consisting of primarily Asian and Asian American artists.
  • The Group of 88, a group of 88 professors at Duke University who signed a controversial advertisement published after a woman falsely claimed to have been raped by members of Duke's lacrosse team.
  • The Cambridge Z88 was a 1988 portable computer
  • 88open was an industry standards group in 1988 created by Motorola to standardize Unix systems
  • An '88-level' is a named condition in the COBOL programming language
  • The House on East 88th Street, a book by Bernard Waber
  • 88-Keys, an American record producer and rapper
  • 88Glam, a Canadian hip-hop duo
  • The dead man's hand in poker is a pair of aces and a pair of 8s.
  • 88 is the name of a gang in the 2006 American film Gridiron Gang starring Dwayne Johnson
  • In the United States Navy, 88 is slang for the word "what". For example, "88 are you doing tonight?"
  • Two genera of butterflies (Diaethria and Callicore) are called eighty-eights because markings on their wings look like the number 88.
  • The German 8.8 cm FlaK 18/36/37/41 anti-aircraft gun used in WWII was often referred to colloquially as an "88" (acht-acht in German)
  • The number of counties in Ohio, a state in the United States.
  • R88 is the designation for "all runways" in METAR/TAF weather data
  • The 88 is an American pop rock band.
  • "Lucky 88", a song by Speedy Ortiz

See also

References
  1. "Sloane's A033950 : Refactorable numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
  2. "Sloane's A006036 : Primitive pseudoperfect numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
  3. "Sloane's A005114 : Untouchable numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
  4. "Sloane's A051868 : 16-gonal (or hexadecagonal) numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
  5. "Sloane's A059756 : Erdős-Woods numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
  6. Dubner, Stephen (2007-07-05). "Lucky 8's in China". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  7. 黎, 少銘 (2015). "香港網絡語言初探" (PDF). 中國語文通訊. Hong Kong. 94: 3–26.
  8. Zook, Glen (September 28, 2011). "88". Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  9. "Racist Skinhead Glossary | Southern Poverty Law Center". Southern Poverty Law Center. 2006. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
  10. Natsiviittaus Ariel-pesujauhepaketissa herättää pahennusta Saksassa, YLE Uutiset 9 May 2014. Accessed on 12 May 2014.
  12. "Cho's manifesto, page 11 - US news - Crime & courts - Massacre at Virginia Tech | NBC News".
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