Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Signs and symptoms presented by the occurrence of alcoholic cardiomyopathy are the result of the heart failing and usually occur after the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. Therefore, the symptoms have a lot in common with other forms of cardiomyopathy. These symptoms can include the following:[2]

• Ankle, feet, and leg swelling (edema)
• Overall swelling
• Loss of appetite
• Shortness of breath (dyspnea), especially with activity
• Breathing difficulty while lying down
• Fatigue, weakness, faintness
• Decreased alertness or concentration
• Cough containing mucus, or pink, frothy material
• Decreased urine output (oliguria)
• Need to urinate at night (nocturia)
• Heart palpitations (irregular heart beat)
• Rapid pulse (tachycardia)

Abnormal heart sounds, murmurs, ECG abnormalities, and enlarged heart on chest x-ray may lead to the diagnosis. Echocardiogram abnormalities and cardiac catheterization or angiogram to rule out coronary artery blockages, along with a history of alcohol abuse can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for alcoholic cardiomyopathy involves lifestyle changes, including complete abstinence from alcohol use, a low sodium diet, and fluid restriction, as well as medications. Medications may include ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics which are commonly used in other forms of cardiomyopathy to reduce the strain on the heart. Persons with congestive heart failure may be considered for surgical insertion of an ICD or a pacemaker which can improve heart function. In cases where the heart failure is irreversible and worsening, heart transplant may be considered.

Treatment will possibly prevent the heart from further deterioration, and the cardiomyopathy is largely reversible if complete abstinence from alcohol is maintained.