Altdorf, Uri

Altdorf (sometimes written as Altdorf UR in order to distinguish it from the other "Altdorfs"; German for "old village") is a historic town and municipality in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Swiss canton of Uri.

For other places with the same name, see Altdorf (disambiguation).

Altdorf
Municipality in Switzerland
Coat of arms
Location of Altdorf
Altdorf
Altdorf
Coordinates: 46°52′N 8°38′E
CountrySwitzerland
CantonUri
Districtn.a.
Government
 • ExecutiveGemeinderat
with 7 members
 • MayorGemeindepräsident/in
Urs Kälin SPS/PSS
 • Parliamentnone (Gemeindeversammlung)
Area
 • Total10.21 km2 (3.94 sq mi)
Elevation
(Church St. Martin)
458 m (1,503 ft)
Highest elevation
(Eggberge)
1,720 m (5,640 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Wildried)
432 m (1,417 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[2]
 • Total9,401
 • Density920/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Demonym(s)German: Altdorfer(in)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)
6460
SFOS number1201
Surrounded byAttinghausen, Bürglen, Flüelen, Seedorf
Twin townsAltdorf b. Nürnberg (Germany)
Websitewww.altdorf.ch
SFSO statistics

The municipality covers an area of 10.21 square kilometres (3.94 sq mi) and is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the mouth of the Reuss, which flows into the Lake Lucerne, here called the Urnersee. The town Altdorf[note 1] lies at an altitude of 458 metres (1,503 ft) above sea level on the right, eastern bank of the Reuss, a flat, alluvial land of up to 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) diameter between otherwise steep and high Alpine mountains of around 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) elevation, but the municipality also covers the Alpine pasture landscape of Eggbergen about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above Altdorf.

It is also the junction towards to the two passes Saint Gotthard to the south, a major north–south axis through the Alps, and the Klausen Pass to the east. Altdorf sits on the Gotthard line and is the last railway station before the entrance into the new Gotthard Base Tunnel, the world's longest railway tunnel.

The official language of Altdorf is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Geography
Aerial view from 400 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1922)

Altdorf consists of the town proper on the flat alluvial plain by the Reuss, between the right bank of the Reuss and the steep hillside of the Rossstock (2,461 m (8,074 ft)) to the east. Halfway up (about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft)) the scattered hamlets of Eggberge on a high terrace above the town also belongs to the municipality. Altdorf adjoins the municipalities of Attinghausen and Seedorf across the Reuss to the west, Flüelen, the port village at the Urnersee to the north, Bürglen in the Schächental to the east and south, and Schattdorf to the south.

The municipality has an area, as of 2006, of 10.2 km2 (3.9 sq mi). Of this area, 35.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 39.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (1.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[3] In the 1993/97 land survey, 37.2% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 0.7% is used for farming or pastures, while 35.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 11.3% is covered with buildings, 2.6% is industrial, 0.8% is classed as special developments, 1.5% is listed as parks and greenbelts and 6.7% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 1.1% is unproductive flowing water (rivers), there is 0.6% that is too rocky for vegetation, and 0.2% is other unproductive land.[4]

History
Wilhelm Tell memorial in Altdorf, circa 1900.

The earliest evidence of a settlement in Altdorf are several La Tène era bronze ax-heads and iron tools from the 3rd century BC. The people that settled in this region initially settled in the forest, and expanded toward the banks of the Reuss. When the Reuss periodically flooded, the low lying settlements were destroyed and the inhabitants were driven back to the "old town", a possible source of the name Altdorf.[5]

Following the collapse of the Roman Empire the local Gallo-Roman population of Altdorf began to mix with the Germanic Alamanni during the 7th century. The earliest evidence of this is the grave (dated to 670–680) of an armed horseman located in the local St Martin's Church.[6]

The current town was first mentioned in 1223 as Alttorf, whereas some sources from the 16 to 19th centuries occasionally refer to it as Uri.[7]

Altdorf is best known as the place where, according to the legend, William Tell shot the apple from his son's head. This act by tradition happened in the market-place, where in 1895, at the foot of an old tower (with rude frescoes commemorating the feat), there was set up a fine bronze statue (by Richard Kissling of Zürich) of Tell and his son. In 1899 a theatre was opened close to the town's center for the purpose of performing Schiller's play of Wilhelm Tell. The same year a new carriage-road was opened from Altdorf through the Schächental and over the Klausen Pass (1,948 metres (6,391 ft)) to the village of Linthal (46 kilometres (29 mi)) and so to Glarus.[8]

In 1906, the Altdorf–Flüelen tramway was constructed to connect the centre of Altdorf with Fluelen railway station. The electric tramway operated until 1951, when it was replaced by a bus service.[9]

Demographics
Altdorf, 1900.

Altdorf has a population (as of 31 December 2019) of 9,537.[10] As of 2017, 1,347 people or 14.8% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[11] From 2008 through 2017 the population has increased at an annual rate of 0.8%.[12] Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (88.3%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common (4.2%) and Italian being third ( 2.5%).[3] As of 2007 the gender distribution of the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.[13]

In Altdorf about 65.2% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[3]

Altdorf has an unemployment rate of 1.45%. As of 2005, there were 137 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 49 businesses involved in this sector. 1,748 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 77 businesses in this sector. 3,585 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 403 businesses in this sector.[3]

Historical population
year population Swiss citizens % German Speaking % Roman Catholic
1600c. 3,100
1629c. 1,500
1650c. 3,000
17433,025
1799c. 2,000
18371,903
18502,1122,088
18802,9062,73497.9%96.0%
19103,8543,51594.2%93.6%
19304,2403,98494.7%92.0%
19506,5766,23694.5%88.7%
197086477,65989.7%89.4%
19908,2827,15888.0%84.3%

source:[7]

Historisches Museum and the Haus für Kunst Uri

In 1905 a Museum was opened on Gottardstrasse just south of the centre of the town that houses a collection of local antiquities, weapons and regional furniture, as well as a collection of portraits of important Uri citizens, including fine ones by the Andermatt-born Felix Maria Diogg (1762–1834). There are several paintings here by the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862–1947) whose family came from Hospental, including portraits of Pope Pius X, Pope Pius XI, Cardinal Merry del Val, the artist's father Alois Muller, his uncle Domherr Josef Muller, and a large allegorical work Alpenrose und Edelweiss. The museum was extended in the 1990s.

Recently the town has established the Haus für Kunst Uri at Herrengasse 2 in a partly converted historic house with a large contemporary extension creating an attractive exhibition space. The work of Swiss and international contemporary artists from Uri is exhibited here, and they sometimes have exhibitions of earlier historical art.

Climate

Between 1961 and 1990 Altdorf had an average of 133.7 days of rain per year and on average received 1,099 mm (43.3 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was August during which time Altdorf received an average of 135 mm (5.3 in) of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 13.2 days. The month with the most days of precipitation was June, with an average of 14.4, but with only 127 mm (5.0 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 66 mm (2.6 in) of precipitation over 13.2 days.[14] According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Altdorf is classified as Cfb, or Marine West Coast Climate.[15]

Climate data for Altdorf (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)		 5.7
(42.3)		 10.5
(50.9)		 14.6
(58.3)		 19.5
(67.1)		 22.0
(71.6)		 24.2
(75.6)		 23.4
(74.1)		 19.4
(66.9)		 14.9
(58.8)		 8.8
(47.8)		 5.3
(41.5)		 14.4
(57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0)		 2.0
(35.6)		 5.7
(42.3)		 9.2
(48.6)		 13.8
(56.8)		 16.6
(61.9)		 18.6
(65.5)		 17.9
(64.2)		 14.5
(58.1)		 10.5
(50.9)		 5.2
(41.4)		 2.3
(36.1)		 9.8
(49.6)
Average low °C (°F) −2.1
(28.2)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 1.3
(34.3)		 4.6
(40.3)		 8.8
(47.8)		 11.9
(53.4)		 14.1
(57.4)		 13.8
(56.8)		 10.6
(51.1)		 6.8
(44.2)		 2.1
(35.8)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 5.8
(42.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 68
(2.7)		 65
(2.6)		 78
(3.1)		 84
(3.3)		 113
(4.4)		 132
(5.2)		 145
(5.7)		 149
(5.9)		 109
(4.3)		 77
(3.0)		 86
(3.4)		 79
(3.1)		 1,185
(46.7)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 17.7
(7.0)		 16.9
(6.7)		 6.8
(2.7)		 0.8
(0.3)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.7
(0.3)		 6.3
(2.5)		 12.6
(5.0)		 61.8
(24.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 9.2 8.7 10.8 10.3 12.5 14.0 13.7 12.9 10.2 8.7 9.7 10.1 130.8
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 3.9 3.5 2 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4 2.9 13.8
Average relative humidity (%) 81.9 78.6 73.9 71.2 71.7 73.9 74.9 78.3 79.8 81.5 82.1 83.8 77.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 44 75 116 132 149 152 169 153 132 106 57 34 1,319
Source: MeteoSwiss[16]

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland

Twin towns – sister cities

Altdorf is twinned with:

Transport

Altdorf is served by the Altdorf station, situated within the municipality and on the Gotthard railway.

Notable people
Beat Streuli, 2018
  • Sebastian Peregrin Zwyer (1597–1661) was a Swiss military commander, mercenary entrepreneur, and one of the foremost politicians of the Old Swiss Confederacy; died in Altdorf
  • Henry Haller (born 1923 in Altdorf, Uri) a retired Chef who served as Executive Chef at the White House for 22 years
  • Beat Streuli (born 1957 in Altdorf, Uri) a Swiss visual artist who works with photo and video based media
  • Luzia Zberg (born 1970 in Altdorf, Uri) a retired racing cyclist
  • Beat Zberg (born 1971 in Altdorf, Uri) a Swiss former professional road bicycle racer
  • Matthias Simmen (born 1972 in Altdorf, Uri) a retired Swiss biathlete, he competed in the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics
  • Markus Zberg (born 1974 in Altdorf, Uri) a retired Swiss professional road bicycle racer

See also

Notes and references

Notes
  1. Officially, Altdorf does not refer to itself as a town, but consistently uses the term of German: Gemeinde, aka 'municipality'.

References
  1. "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px; retrieved: 2 June 2020.
  3. Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 5 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine accessed 8 September 2009
  4. Canton Uri – Ground use statistics Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 8 September 2009
  5. Altdorf website-History-First Settlement Archived 23 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine accessed 22 November 2008 (in German)
  6. Altdorf (UR) Early History in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  7. Altdorf (UR) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  8.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Altdorf". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 763.
  9. Jürg Ehrbar. "Altdorf–Flüelen – Rigi–Scheidegg Bahn". eingestellte-bahnen.ch (amateur site) (in German). Zweisimmen, Switzerland: Jürg Ehrbar. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  10. "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  11. "Ständige ausländische Wohnbevölkerung, 2017". Federal Statistical Office (Switzerland). Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  12. "Bevölkerung der Urner Gemeinden und Regionen" (PDF). Canton of Uri. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  13. Uri Population statistics Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 8 September 2009
  14. "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961–1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology – MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 438 metres (1,437 ft) above sea level.
  15. "Altdorf, Switzerland". Great Falls, VI, USA: CantyMedia, Canty and Associates LLC. n.d.
  16. "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013. The weather station elevation is 438 meters above sea level.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.