Vladikavkaz

Vladikavkaz (Russian: Владикавка́з, IPA: [vlədʲɪkɐˈfkas], lit. ruler of the Caucasus; Ossetian: Дзæуджыхъæу, romanized: Dzawjeqaw Ossetian pronunciation: [ˈd͡zæwd͡ʒəqæw], lit. Dzaug's settlement),[11][12][13] formerly known as Ordzhonikidze (Орджоники́дзе) and Dzaudzhikau (Дзауджика́у), is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, situated on the Terek River. Population: 311,693 (2010 Census);[5] 315,068 (2002 Census);[14] 300,198 (1989 Census).[15] Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus.

Vladikavkaz

Владикавказ
City[1]
Other transcription(s)
 • OsseticДзӕуджыхъæу
Vladikavkaz
Coat of arms
Location of Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz
Location of Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz (European Russia)
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz (Europe)
Coordinates: 43°02′24″N 44°40′39″E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectNorth Ossetia–Alania[1]
FoundedMay 6, 1784[2]
City status since1860
Government
 • BodyAssembly of Representatives[3]
 • HeadBoris Albegov[4]
Area
 • Total291 km2 (112 sq mi)
Elevation
692 m (2,270 ft)
Population
 • Total311,693
 • Estimate 
(2018)[6]
306,258 (−1.7%)
 • Rank60th in 2010
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
 • Subordinated toVladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction[1]
 • Capital ofRepublic of North Ossetia–Alania[7]
 • Capital ofVladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction[1]
 • Urban okrugVladikavkaz Urban Okrug[8]
 • Capital ofVladikavkaz Urban Okrug[8]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK [9])
Postal code(s)[10]
362000
Dialing code(s)+7 8672
OKTMO ID90701000001
City DaySeptember 25
Websitevladikavkaz-osetia.ru

The city is an industrial and transportation centre. Manufactured products include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals, clothing and food products.

History

In 1784, on the right bank of the river Terek, Russian troops built the Vladikavkaz fortress, which had the purpose of serving as a security point for the routes of communication between Russia and Georgia.[16][17] The Georgian Military Highway, crossing the mountains, was constructed in 1799 to link the city with Georgia to the south, and in 1875 a railway was built to connect it to Rostov-on-Don and Baku in Azerbaijan. Vladikavkaz has become an important industrial centre for the region, with smelting, refining, chemicals and manufacturing industries.

A monument in the city

The city is one of the largest in the Russian-controlled Caucasus, along with Grozny, and was the capital of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, a Soviet Republic established after the annexation of the Mountainous Republic of the North Caucasus. The puppet state existed from 1921 to 1924 and was part of, and in some cases incorporated, the modern-day territories of Chechnya, North Ossetia and Kabardino-Balkaria.

From 1931 to 1944 and from 1954 to 1990, its name in both Russian and Ossetic languages was Ordzhonikidze (Орджоники́дзе) (after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, a Georgian Bolshevik), and from 1944 to 1954 it was officially called Dzaudzhikau (Дзауджика́у) in Russian and (Дзæуджыхъæу) in Ossetic. Vladikavkaz resumed its old Russian name, in 1990, shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union; the official Ossetic name was reverted to Дзæуджыхъæу (Dzæudžyqæu).

Mira avenue, Vladikavkaz
St. George's Orthodox Cathedral

Vladikavkaz was fought over in both the Russian Civil War and World War II. In February 1919, the anti-Communist Volunteer Army under General Anton Denikin seized the city, before being expelled by the Red Army in March 1920. In early November 1942, the forces of Nazi Germany tried unsuccessfully to seize the city but were repelled. The Nazis left Kalmykia in January 1943.

On 26 November 2008, Vitaly Karayev, the mayor of Vladikavkaz was killed by an unidentified gunman.[18] On 31 December 2008, his successor, Kazbek Pagiyev, was also killed by unidentified gunmen.[19]

Administrative and municipal status

Vladikavkaz is the capital of the republic.[7] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with six rural localities, incorporated as Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction is incorporated as Vladikavkaz Urban Okrug.[8]

Transportation
Vladikavkaz Railway station
Vladikavkaz bus station

The city is served by the bus network (marshrutkas). There are also tram (since 1904) and trolleybus (since 1977) networks, plus the main Vladikavkaz railway station.

The city is served by Beslan Airport located about 9 kilometres from the city.

The Georgian Military Road, which is a part of European route E117, starts in Vladikavkaz and it connects the city with the South Caucasus.

Population

According to the results of the 2010 Census, the city population of Vladikavkaz was 330,148.

The ethnic makeup of city's population was:

Sports

FC Alania Vladikavkaz is an association football club based in Vladikavkaz, who won the Russian Premier League in 1995.

Notable structures
M. Tuganov Art Museum

The Mukhtarov Mosque, built in 1906, dominates the city. In Vladikavkaz, there is a guyed TV mast, 198 meters (650 ft) tall, built in 1961, which has six crossbars with gangways in two levels running from the mast structure to the guys.

Education

North Ossetian State University is in the city.

Religion
Mukhtarov Mosque

The city's primary religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which is followed by Russians, Georgians and some of the Ossetians. The rest of the Ossetian population adheres to the next largest religion, Uatsdin, an Ossetian folk religion, which nationwide is followed by 29% of the population. The remainder follow Protestantism, Islam, Armenian Orthodoxy and other beliefs.

Twin towns and sister cities
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Vladikavkaz is twinned with:

Geography

Climate

Vladikavkaz experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with warm, wet summers and cold, drier winters (though very mild for Russia).

Climate data for Vladikavkaz
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.2
(68.4)		 23.0
(73.4)		 30.3
(86.5)		 34.0
(93.2)		 35.0
(95.0)		 38.0
(100.4)		 37.5
(99.5)		 39.2
(102.6)		 38.2
(100.8)		 33.5
(92.3)		 27.0
(80.6)		 27.1
(80.8)		 39.2
(102.6)
Average high °C (°F) 3.0
(37.4)		 3.2
(37.8)		 7.7
(45.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 19.4
(66.9)		 23.2
(73.8)		 25.7
(78.3)		 25.4
(77.7)		 20.8
(69.4)		 15.1
(59.2)		 8.4
(47.1)		 4.3
(39.7)		 14.3
(57.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.9
(28.6)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 3.0
(37.4)		 9.5
(49.1)		 14.1
(57.4)		 18.0
(64.4)		 20.6
(69.1)		 20.1
(68.2)		 15.6
(60.1)		 9.8
(49.6)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 9.2
(48.6)
Average low °C (°F) −5.6
(21.9)		 −5.7
(21.7)		 −0.9
(30.4)		 5.1
(41.2)		 9.6
(49.3)		 13.5
(56.3)		 16.1
(61.0)		 15.7
(60.3)		 11.2
(52.2)		 5.7
(42.3)		 0.1
(32.2)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 5.1
(41.2)
Record low °C (°F) −27.2
(−17.0)		 −27.8
(−18.0)		 −22.0
(−7.6)		 −8.9
(16.0)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 2.2
(36.0)		 7.5
(45.5)		 6.0
(42.8)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −10.0
(14.0)		 −22.2
(−8.0)		 −25.0
(−13.0)		 −27.8
(−18.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 31
(1.2)		 34
(1.3)		 54
(2.1)		 85
(3.3)		 140
(5.5)		 175
(6.9)		 109
(4.3)		 89
(3.5)		 75
(3.0)		 60
(2.4)		 46
(1.8)		 31
(1.2)		 929
(36.5)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 11
(4.3)		 17
(6.7)		 11
(4.3)		 15
(5.9)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 7
(2.8)		 10
(3.9)		 10
(3.9)		 81
(31.8)
Average precipitation days 6 6 8 10 14 14 11 9 8 7 7 6 106
Average relative humidity (%) 79 79 78 74 76 76 74 75 79 80 81 80 78
Mean monthly sunshine hours 111.6 120.4 127.1 144.0 186.0 201.0 220.1 210.8 153.0 130.2 111.0 102.3 1,817.5
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[20]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[21]

Notable people

References

Notes
  1. Law #34-RZ
  2. Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 75. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  3. "Собрание представителей". vladikavkaz-osetia.ru. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017.
  4. "Приветственное слово главы АМС г. Владикавказа". vladikavkaz-osetia.ru. Archived from the original on April 26, 2017.
  5. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  6. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  7. Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania
  8. Law #10-RZ
  9. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  10. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  11. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) the official Ossetic name>Дзæуджыхъæу (Dzewjêqew)
  12. region15.ru. "15-й РЕГИОН: Владикавказ". «15-й РЕГИОН». Archived from the original on April 22, 2017.
  13. "КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ - АЛАНИЯ (с изменениями на: 10.05.2017), Конституция Республики Северная Осетия - Алания от 12 ноября 1994 года". docs.cntd.ru. Archived from the original on September 28, 2016.
  14. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  15. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  16. «Caucasian Highlander». Prague. 1924.
  17. Ракович Д.В. «Прошлое Владикавказа» (1918)
  18. "Europe | Southern Russia mayor gunned down". BBC News. November 26, 2008. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
  19. "Itar-Tass". Itar-Tass. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
  20. "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2007.
  21. "World Weather Information Service – Wladikavkaz". United Nations. Archived from the original on November 25, 2009. Retrieved December 31, 2010.

Sources
  • Верховный Совет Республики Северная Осетия. 12 ноября 1994 г. «Республика Северная Осетия-Алания. Конституция.», в ред. Конституционного Закона №5-РКЗ от 4 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Конституцию Республики Северная Осетия–Алания». Вступил в силу 7 декабря 1994 г. Опубликован: брошюрой "Конституция Республики Северная Осетия–Алания". (Supreme Council of the Republic of North Ossetia. November 12, 1994 Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. Constitution., as amended by the Constitutional Law #5-RKZ of December 4, 2013 On Amending the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. Effective as of December 7, 1994.).
  • Закон №34-РЗ от 9 июля 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Северная Осетия-Алания», в ред. Закона №44-РЗ от 12 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Приложение к Закону Республики Северная Осетия–Алания "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Северная Осетия–Алания" и Закон Республики Северная Осетия–Алания "Об установлении границ муниципального образования Алагирский район, наделении его статусом муниципального района, образовании в его составе муниципальных образований — городского и сельских поселений"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Северная Осетия", №148(24949), 16 августа 2007 г. (Law #34-RZ of July 9, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, as amended by the Law #44-RZ of November 12, 2013 On Amending the Appendix to the Law of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania" and the Law of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of Alagirsky District, Granting It the Status of a Municipal District, Establishing Municipal Formations—Urban and Rural Settlements—Within Its Structure". Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Закон №10-РЗ от 5 марта 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования город Владикавказ, наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №34-РЗ от 19 июля 2006 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Северная Осетия-Алания "Об установлении границ муниципального образования город Владикавказ, наделении его статусом городского округа"». Вступил в силу 1 марта 2005 г. Опубликован: "Северная Осетия", №43 (24344), 15 марта 2005 г. (Law #10-RZ of March 5, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the City of Vladikavkaz and On Granting It Urban Okrug Status, as amended by the Law #34-RZ of July 19, 2006 On Amending the Law of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the City of Vladikavkaz and On Granting It Urban Okrug Status". Effective as of March 1, 2005.).

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.