Eisenstadt

Eisenstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪ̯zn̩ʃtat]; Hungarian: Kismarton; Croatian: Željezni grad; Željezno; Slovene: Železno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. It had a recorded population on 1 January 2020 of 14,815.

For other uses, see Eisenstadt (disambiguation).
Eisenstadt
Aerial view of Eisenstadt
Coat of arms
Eisenstadt
Location within Burgenland
Eisenstadt
Location within Austria
Coordinates: 47°51′N 16°31′E
Country Austria
StateBurgenland
DistrictStatutory city
Government
 • MayorThomas Steiner (politician) (ÖVP)
Area
 • Total42.88 km2 (16.56 sq mi)
Elevation
182 m (597 ft)
Population
 (2018-01-01)[2]
 • Total14,476
 • Density340/km2 (870/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
7000
Area code02682
Vehicle registrationE
Websitewww.eisenstadt.at

In the Habsburg Empire's Kingdom of Hungary, Kismarton (Eisenstadt) was the seat of the Eszterházy Hungarian noble family. The composer Joseph Haydn lived there as Hofkapellmeister under Esterházy patronage.

Geography

Eisenstadt lies on a plain leading down to the river Wulka, at the south foot of the Leitha Mountains, about 12 kilometres (7 miles) from the Hungarian border.

Kleinhöflein im Burgenland at the foot of the Leitha Mountains

Subdivisions

Eisenstadt is divided into three districts (Stadtbezirke):

  • Eisenstadt-Stadt
  • Kleinhöflein im Burgenland (Hungarian: Kishöflány; Croatian: Mala Holovajna) – a town that lies to the west of Eisenstadt proper
  • St. Georgen am Leithagebirge (Lajtaszentgyörgy; Svetojurje) – a town that lies to the east of Eisenstadt proper

The city is divided into five Katastralgemeinden:

  • Eisenstadt-Stadt
  • Oberberg, or Oberberg-Eisenstadt (Hungarian: Felsőkismartonhegy; Croatian: Željezno Brig) – the northern area of Eisenstadt from the Jewish quarter, Jewish cemetery
  • Unterberg, or Unterberg-Eisenstadt (Alsókismartonhegy; Željezno Donji Brig) – the southern area of Eisenstadt from Kalvarienbergplatz, Ruster Strasse
  • Kleinhöflein im Burgenland
  • St. Georgen am Leithagebirge

Other informal areas of the city include Wiesäcker and Lobäcker, which lie south of the Eisbach, a tributary of the Wulka. The city is surrounded by the district (Bezirk) of Eisenstadt-Umgebung.

The city previously included the districts (Ortsteile) of Eisenstadt-Stadt, Eisenstadt-Oberberg, Eisenstadt-Unterberg, and Eisenstadt-Schloßgrund (Kismartonváralja).

Nearby municipalities

Climate
Climate data for Eisenstadt (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.5
(68.9)		 21.1
(70.0)		 24.1
(75.4)		 27.2
(81.0)		 33.2
(91.8)		 36.1
(97.0)		 38.7
(101.7)		 38.4
(101.1)		 33.7
(92.7)		 28.0
(82.4)		 21.9
(71.4)		 19.8
(67.6)		 38.7
(101.7)
Average high °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6)		 5.3
(41.5)		 10.4
(50.7)		 16.1
(61.0)		 21.1
(70.0)		 24.0
(75.2)		 26.7
(80.1)		 26.1
(79.0)		 20.9
(69.6)		 15.0
(59.0)		 8.3
(46.9)		 3.5
(38.3)		 15.0
(59.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8)		 1.3
(34.3)		 5.5
(41.9)		 10.7
(51.3)		 15.7
(60.3)		 18.8
(65.8)		 21.0
(69.8)		 20.2
(68.4)		 15.5
(59.9)		 10.2
(50.4)		 4.9
(40.8)		 0.8
(33.4)		 10.4
(50.7)
Average low °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 1.8
(35.2)		 6.0
(42.8)		 10.5
(50.9)		 13.7
(56.7)		 15.7
(60.3)		 15.5
(59.9)		 11.5
(52.7)		 6.9
(44.4)		 2.3
(36.1)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F) −21.6
(−6.9)		 −19.8
(−3.6)		 −19.2
(−2.6)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 1.2
(34.2)		 3.7
(38.7)		 6.9
(44.4)		 6.8
(44.2)		 2.1
(35.8)		 −5.9
(21.4)		 −12.3
(9.9)		 −17.8
(0.0)		 −21.6
(−6.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38
(1.5)		 34
(1.3)		 59
(2.3)		 52
(2.0)		 77
(3.0)		 90
(3.5)		 77
(3.0)		 91
(3.6)		 78
(3.1)		 53
(2.1)		 57
(2.2)		 51
(2.0)		 758
(29.8)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 13
(5.1)		 10
(3.9)		 6
(2.4)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 5
(2.0)		 12
(4.7)		 46
(18)
Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) 70.5 62.6 56.5 50.4 52.9 53.5 50.2 51.4 56.0 62.3 70.6 74.7 59.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 73 107 145 204 246 245 272 254 188 139 72 53 1,999
Percent possible sunshine 27.7 38.3 41.0 51.8 55.2 54.4 59.7 60.1 51.8 42.7 26.6 21.1 44.2
Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[3][4][5][6][7]

Names and etymology

The city's name means "Iron City" and was first recorded in 1118 as Castrum ferrum, referring to the history of iron mining and iron trade in the area. The first written mention of the town is from 1264 as "minor Mortin", matching the Hungarian name, Kismarton, which recalls Martin of Tours, the patron saint of the main church.

History

Archeological finds prove that the Eisenstadt area was already settled in the Hallstatt period. Celts and Romans settled somewhat later. During the Migration Period, the area was settled by different Germanic tribes and the Huns. Around 800, during the reign of Charlemagne, settlement by the Bavarii began. The territory became part of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 11th century.

The fortress built on the original earth works was destroyed by the troops of Margrave Leopold III of Austria. In 1241, it was destroyed by the Mongol invaders. In 1373, the town came into the possession of the Kanizsai family, who rebuilt the walls surrounding the town and built a fortress at the site of the present day castle between 1388 and 1392. In 1388, Eisenstadt was given the right to hold markets by Emperor Sigismund.

From 1440 Archduke Albert VI of Austria held the town as collateral for a loan. In 1451, Matthias Corvinus ceded it to Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor in return for the Holy Crown of Hungary. Matthias Corvinus reconquered it by force in 1482, but Maximilian I acquired it again in 1490. It remained under Habsburg rule until 1622; however, the Ottoman Empire briefly conquered Kismarton in 1529 and 1532 during their advances on the city of Vienna (see Ottoman wars in Europe). It was destroyed by fire in 1589.

In 1648, it passed under the rule of the Esterházy family. These Hungarian princes permanently changed the face of the city due to their extensive construction, especially on their castle, Schloss Esterházy. During this period, the city was captured by the army of Imre Thököly in 1683, and it saw the defeat of the rebel kuruc army of Sándor Károlyi by the Habsburgs in 1704. It was again destroyed by fire in 1776.

The appointment of Joseph Haydn as the prince's Hofkapellmeister (court orchestra director, composing and performing music) began the great artistic period in the city's history. In 1809, Eisenstadt was occupied by French troops during the Napoleonic Wars; in 1897, it was joined to the railway network.

Until the end of World War I, it was the seat of Kismarton district in Sopron county in the Kingdom of Hungary. Without plebiscite, the city and the entire Hungarian territory of Burgenland (with the exception of the city of Sopron and 11 other villages where referendums were held) was annexed to Austria by the Saint-Germain and Treaties of Trianon in 1921. Since 30 April 1925, Eisenstadt has been the seat of the Burgenland state government and thus the state capital. During World War II, Eisenstadt was heavily bombarded. On 2 April 1945, it was captured by Soviet troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front in the course of the Vienna Offensive, and the city remained under Soviet occupation until 1955. In 1960, Eisenstadt became the see of its own Roman Catholic diocese.

Politics

The current mayor of Eisenstadt is Mag. Thomas Steiner ÖVP.

The district council is composed as follows (as of 2007):

Main sights

Castles and palaces

Religious edifices
Calvary
The Old Town Hall

Buildings
  • Haydn-Mausoleum
  • Rathaus (City Hall)
  • Pulverturm (lit. "Powder tower")

Museums
  • Haydnmuseum, a museum dedicated to Joseph Haydn, who lived in the building between 1766 and 1778.
  • Landesmuseum (regional museum).
  • Österreichisches Jüdisches Museum (Austrian Jewish Museum).
  • Diözesanmuseum (museum of the local Roman Catholic diocese).
  • Feuerwehrmuseum (fire department museum).

Culture

Eisenstadt hosts a Haydn festival, the Haydnfestspiele.

Twin towns — sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria

Eisenstadt is twinned with:

Notable People

Natives
Paul I in 1655
Joseph Weigl in 1829

Other residents
Joseph Haydn in 1791
Robert Musil around 1900

As a surname
Main articles: Eisenstadt (surname), Asch (disambiguation), Ash (surname), and Asz

Eisenstadt (also Ajzenstat, Eisenstaedter, Asch, etc.), a Jewish surname, derives from this city.[10] Some people with this surname or its variants include:

References
  1. "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  2. "Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  3. "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Lufttemperatur" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  4. "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Niederschlag" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  5. "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Schnee" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  6. "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Luftfeuchtigkeit" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  7. "Klimamittel 1981–2010: Strahlung" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  8. "Klimadaten von Österreich 1971–2000 – Burgenland-Eisenstadt" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  9. Filckr photos: ,
  10. Asch and its variants are an abbreviation for Eisenstadt. see "Ash". Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906.
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