Antimony pentasulfide

Antimony pentasulfide is an inorganic compound of antimony and sulfur, also known as antimony red. It is a nonstoichiometric compound with a variable composition. Its exact structure is unknown.[2] Commercial samples are usually contaminated with sulfur, which may be removed by washing with carbon disulfide in a Soxhlet extractor.

Antimony pentasulfide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.869
EC Number
  • 215-255-5
UNII
Properties
S5Sb2
Molar mass 403.82 g·mol−1
Appearance yellow to orange powder
Density 4.12 g/cm 3
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K) (decomposes)
insoluble
Solubility soluble in HCl
soluble in alkalis
Pharmacology
R05CA07 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Warning
H228, H302, H332, H411
P210, P240, P241, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+312, P304+312, P304+340, P312, P330, P370+378, P391, P501
Flash point flammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
Antimony(III) sulfide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Production

Antimony pentasulfide can be produced by the reaction of antimony with sulfur at a temperature between 250-400 °C in an inert atmosphere.

Uses

It may be used as a red pigment and is one possible precursor to Schlippe's Salt, Na3SbS4, which can be prepared according to the equation:

3 Na2S   +   Sb2S5   +   9 H2O     2 Na3SbS4·9H2O

Physical chemistry

Like many sulfides, this compound liberates hydrogen sulfide upon treatment with strong acids like hydrochloric acid.[3]

6 HCl   +   Sb2S5     2 SbCl3   +   3 H2S   +   2 S

Analysis by Mössbauer spectroscopy indicates that this compound is a derivative antimony(III),[4] explaining the production of antimony(III) chloride, rather than antimony(V) chloride, upon acidification. It is therefore not analogous to the phosphorus(V) compound phosphorus pentasulfide.

References

  1. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. Arnold F. Holleman, Nils Wiberg: Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102nd edition, de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, p. 849, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1.
  3. Strem MSDS
  4. G. G. Long; J. G. Stevens; L. H. Bowen; S. L. Ruby (1969). "The oxidation number of antimony in antimony pentasulfide". Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 5 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(69)80231-X.
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